GIT Tamil PDF

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AL GIT,OL ICT
www.alict.tk
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01
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(MODULE 01)
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(FUNDERMENTAL
OF THE COMPUTER)
cs;Ns...
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01. fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
02. fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
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mwpKfk;
fzpdpapd; tiffs;
fzpdpapd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd gFjpfs;
fzpdpapd; ed;ikfSk; jPikfSk;
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fzpdpapd; mbg;gilf; fl;likg;G

cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
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CPU
ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
fzpdpapd; epidtfk;
Disks [ ifahSk;NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sNtz;bait
03. fzpdpiag; ghJfhj;jYk; guhkupj;jYk;

fzpdpiag; ghJfhj;jy;
fzpdpiag; guhkupj;jy;
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mj;jpahak; - 01
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fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
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(INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER)
mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
cs;thq;Fjy; (receiving), Nrkpj;jy; (storing), khw;wpaikj;jy;

(manupulating) Nghd;w jpwikfisf;nfhz;l xU ,yj;jpudpay; rhjdk;
fzpdp vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
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nfhLf;fg;gLk; juTfis (data) khw;wpaikj;jNy Processing vd

miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd;NghJ RUf;Fjy;, Nrkpj;jy;, toq;fg;gLk; juTfis
kPsg;ngwy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; $l;ly;, fopj;jy;, gpupj;jy;, ngUf;fy; Nghd;w
fzpj;jy; NtiyfSk; eilngWfpd;wd.
fzpdp
gytifahd
nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
juTfis
cs;nsLj;J
fzpdp juTfis cs;nsLg;gjw;Fr; rpy topfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy;

nghJthdJ keyboard KiwahFk;. mjhtJ> keyboard ,idg; gad;gLj;jpj;
juTfis cs;sDg;Gjy; MFk;. ,e;j keyboard MdJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdk;
(Input Device) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. juTfs; fzpdpapDs; nrd;wJk;
mtw;iwr; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F fzpdp jahuhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mtw;iw
vt;thW> vg;gb> vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gnjy;yhk; fzpdpf;F Kd;dNu
nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,it mwpTWj;jy;fs; (instructions) my;yJ
fzpdp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; (programs) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil
COMPUTER SCIENCE
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fzpdpahdJ
Fwpg;gpl;l
Ntiyapidr;
nra;tjw;F
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; topfhl;Lfpd;wd. fzpdp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; mwpTWj;
jy;fs; KOikahfTk; njspthdKiwapYk; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
,it fzpdpnkhopapy; (Computer Language) nfhLf;fg;gly;Ntz;Lk;.
fzpdp nkhopfs; rpy :
Basic
Pascal
C++
JAVA
C#
juTfs; cupaKiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; tpisTfs;

fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;JNthUf;F ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Output Device)
%yk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; tiffs;
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(TYPES OF THE COMPUTER)

fzpdpahdJ ghu;it mbg;gilapYk; njhopw;ghl;bd;
ghtid mbg;gilapYk; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mbg;gilapYk;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdp
Main Frame
Mini Frame
Micro computer
Desktop
Laptop
(NoteBook)
Palmtop
Pocket
ghtidapd;
mbg;gilapy;
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ghu;it
mbg;gilapy;
Special Purpose (Super Computer)
njhopw;ghl;bd;
mbg;gilapy;
Analog :
Ma;T$lq;fspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Digital :
nghJthd gad;ghl;by;
cs;sit.
Hybrid :
Muha;r;rpfSf;F
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
General Purpose (Personal Computer)
IBM Compatible
Apple Compatible
COMPUTER SCIENCE
njhopw;ghl;bd;; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

ANALOG COMPUTER
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Muk;gfhyj;jpy; fzpdpfs; Analog fzpdpfshfNt ,Ue;jd. Mdhy;

je;nghOJ ,it mupjhfp Digital Computer fNs cyif Mf;fpukpj;Js;sd.
,Ug;gpDk; Analog fzpdpfs;> Ma;T$lq;fspy; jw;nghOJk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
ANALOG COMPUTER
COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
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jw;NghJ
$Ljyhd
gad;ghl;bYs;sit
,f;fzpdpfNs.
,t;tif fzpdpfs; 1 - 0 ,id mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl njhopw;gLfpd;wd.
HYBRID COMPUTER
Digital Computer, Analog Computer Mfpa ,uz;bdJk;

,ay;gpid cs;slf;fpa fzpdpNa Hybrid Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,J Muha;r;rpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ghu;it mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;
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MAINFRAME
Network ,y; gy E}W fzpdpfSf;Fj; jiyikf; fzpdpahf nraw;gLk;
fzpdpNa Mainframe vdg;gLfpwJ. ,J gUkdpy; kpfTk; ngupajhfTk;> NtfkhdjhfTk;
$ba nfhs;ssT cilajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
MAINFRAME
COMPUTER SCIENCE
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MINI COMPUTER
Network ,y; mainframe cld; ,ize;J nraw;gLk; Jizf;fzpdpfs;
Mini Computer
vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it mainframe ,idtplg; gUkdpy;
rpwpaitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;Wld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhifapy; jdpegH fzpdpfs;
,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
MINI COMPUTER
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MICRO COMPUTER
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ehk; rhjhuzkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Personal Computer fs; (PCs)

ahTNk Micro Computer vDk; tifiar; Nru;e;jitahFk;. ,it gad;gLj;
jg;gLk; tpjj;jpw;Nfw;g tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
1. Desktop Computer
2. Laptop Computer (Notebook Computer)

3. Palmtop Computer
4. Pocket Computer
COMPUTER SCIENCE
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
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,J Micro Computer vdTk;

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
Nkirapd;Nky;
itj;Jg;
gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf
,Ug;gjdhy;
,jid
Desktop
vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
DESKTOP COMPUTER
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COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
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DIAGRAM OF A DESKTOP COMPUTER
COMPUTER SCIENCE
LAPTOP COMPUTERS
LAPTOP
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,J Notebook Computer vdTk;

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
,jid
xU
kdpjd; jdJ kbapy; itj;Jg; Ntiy
nra;tJld;
vLj;Jr;nry;yf;$ba
mstpy; ,yFthf cs;sJ. mj;NjhL
,J Desktop Computer nra;Ak;
Ntiyfs; midj;ijAk; nra;af;$ba
jhFk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PALMTOP COMPUTERS
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,jid
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kdpjd;
jdJ
cs;sq;ifapy;
itj;Jg;
gad;gLj;jKbAk;. ,jdhNyNa ,J Palmtop vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; xU
Desktop ,y; nra;Ak; Ntiyapd;; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gFjpapidNa nra;aKbAk;.
PALMTOP
COMPUTER SCIENCE
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POCKET COMPUTERS
POCKET COMPUTER
,jid
xU
kdpjd;
jdJ
rl;ilg;igapDs;NsNa
nfhz;L
nry;yf;$bathW ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhNyNa ,J Pocket Computer vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; Fwpj;j xUrpy Ntiyapid kl;LNk nra;aKbAk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ghtid mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;
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SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER

Muha;r;rp Nghd;w tpNrl NjitfSf;nfd tbtikf;fg;gLk; fzpdpfs;
ahTk; Special Purpose Computers vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it Super
Computer vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER

nghJthd NjitfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fzpdpfs; ahTk; General
Purpose Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ mYtyfk; kw;Wk; tPl;Lg;
ghtidapy; cs;s fzpdpfs; ahTk; ,t;tifapidr; Nru;ej
; itahFk;. ,it
,uz;L tiffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (gpujhd epWtdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)
mitahtd:
01. IBM Compatible Computer
02. Apple Compatible Computer
COMPUTER SCIENCE
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IBM COMPATIBLE COMPUTER
IBM COMPATIBLE
IBM epWtdk; jahupf;Fk; fzpdpfSk;> NtW epWtdq;fs; jahupf;Fk;

IBM epWtdf; fzpdpfSf;F xj;jpirthd fzpdpfSk; IBM Compatible
Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
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APPLE COMPATIBLE COMPUTER
APPLE COMPATIBLE
Apple epWtdk; jahupf;Fk; fzpdpfs; Apple Compatible Computer vd

miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. (,t;tif fzpdpapia Apple epWtdk; kl;LNk jahhpf;fpd;wJ.)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd

gFjpfs;
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COMPUTER
HARDWARE
CPU
OUTPUT UNIT
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INPUT UNIT
SOFTWARE
FIRMWARE
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Eg :
Windows
Dos
Unix
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
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Eg :
BIOS Program
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LANGUAGE
MACHINE LEVEL
LOW LEVEL
Eg :
Eg :
Binary Language
Assemply language
HIGH LEVEL
Eg :
Basic
C++
Pascal
PACKAGE
Eg :
Access
Excell
Word
COMPUTER SCIENCE
HARDWARE
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fzpdpapid cUthf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJk;> Software ,dhy;

nraw;gLj;jg;gLtJkhd
,yj;jpudpay;
gFjpfs;
Hardware
vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ
MOTHER BOARD
COMPUTER SCIENCE
SOFTWARE
mitahtd :
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fzpdpapdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w mwpTWj;jy;fspd; gl;bay;

software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. software gpujhdkhf %d;W
gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
01. Firm ware

02. System software
03. Application software
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FIRMWARE
cjhuzk; :
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cw;gj;jpahsh;fshy; cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ fzpdpapd; Hardware ,y;

epue;jukhfg;
gjpag;gLk;
xU
njhFjp
mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Firmware
vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj fzpdpapd; Vida Software
fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.
01. Memory Testing

02. fzpdpia on nra;jTld; eilngWk; Muk;gr;nraw;ghLfs;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
cjhuzk; :
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fzpdpapd;
Hardware
gFjpapidg;
gaDs;sjhf;Ffpd;w
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; System Software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Operating System
DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Unix
rfy
COMPUTER SCIENCE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
mitahtd :
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fzpdpapy;
Fwpg;gpl;l
Ntiyfisr;
nra;Ak;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Application Software vd miof;fg;gL
fpd;wd. ,it System Software ,id mbg;gilahf
itj;Jf;nfhz;L nraw;gLfpd;wd. Application Software
MdJ gpujhdkhf ,uz;L gpupTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
01. Package
02. Programming language
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PACKAGE
cjhuzk; :
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fzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyapid nra;tjw;nfd jahhpf;

fg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
Packages vd miof;fg;gL
fpd;wd.
Word
Wordpad
Excell
Access
Paintbrush
Notepad
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
mitahtd:
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fzpdpapy; epfo;r;rpg;gl;bay;fs; cUthf;Ftjw;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Software, Programming Language vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfs;
cs;sd.
01. Machine Language
02. Low Level Language
03. High Level Language
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MACHINE LANGUAGE
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,idAk; 0 ,idAk; gad;gLj;Jk; nkhop Binary

language vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Machine language vd
miof;fg;gLk; ,JNt fzpdp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;
nkhop
ahFk;.
Vida nkhopfspy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis vOjpdhYk;,
mit mtw;Wf;Fupa Translator Program fs; %yk; fzpdp
nkhopahd Machine Language ,w;F khw;wpNa nraw;gLj;jg;
gLfpd;wd.
1
COMPUTER SCIENCE
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
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,J Assembly Language vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; Low Level

Language ,y; ,e;j Assembly Language kl;LNk cz;L. ,J tpsq;ff;$ba FwpaPl;L
tbtpy; mike;j nkhopahFk;. ,J> Programmer fSf;F Machine Language
,idtpl ,yFthf tpsq;ff;$ba xU nkhopahFk;.
,k; nkhopapy; jahupf;fg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisf; fzpdp Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
khl;lhJ. vdNt ,it Machine Language ,w;F khw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dNu
fzpdp ,e;epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;;. gpd; mjpy; cs;s mwpTWj;jy;
fspd;gb njhopw;gLk;.
Assembly Language ,y; vOjg;gLk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Machine Language
,w;F khw;Wk; nraw;ghl;bidAk; fzpdpNa nra;fpwJ.
,jw;Fj;Njitahd nkhopngau;g;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhd (Translator Program)
Assembler vDk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; vOjg;gl;L fzpdpnkhopAlNdNa cw;gj;jpahsu;f
spdhy; tpw;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Assembly
Language
Source Program
Assembler
(Translator)
Special Translator
Machine
Language
Object Program
COMPUTER SCIENCE
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
vdNt
(vOjpdhu;fs;).
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,k;nkhop Assembly Language ,Yk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhdJ. fzpdpf;F Assembly

Language ,y; gy mwpTWj;jy;fspy; nfhLf;f Ntz;batplak; ,e;j nkhop%yk; xNu
mwpTWj;jypy; nfhLf;ff;$bathW ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kw;Wk; Assembly Language ,y;
Program vOJtjw;F $basT mwpT Njitg;gl;lJ.
tpQ;Qhdpfs;
kl;LNk
mjpy;
Program vOjf;$bathW
,Ue;jJ
Mdhy;> High Level Language MdJ ,yFthdjhfTk; Mq;fpy nkhopapy;

mike;jpUg;gjdhYk;
,jpy;
rhjhuz
mwpTlNdNa
epfo;rr
; pj;jpl;lq;fis
jahupf;ff;$bathW ,Ue;jJ (,Uf;fpd;wJ). gy High Level Language fs; gy;NtW
Jiwfspy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
cjhuzk; :
1) Basic
2) Pascal
3) COBOL
4)
FORTRAN
5) C++
6) Prolog
7) Ada
8) Delphi
9) Java
10) SQL
COMPUTER SCIENCE
,y; cs;stw;iw MACHINE LANGUAGE

,w;F khw;Wk; TRANSLATOR fs;
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
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High Level Language ,y; vOjg;gl;l Program ,id Machine Language

,w;F khw;Wtjw;fhf ,uz;L Translator Program fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mitahtd:
01.Compiler
02.Interpreter
,it cw;gj;jpahsu;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
High Level
Language
Source Program
Fwpg;G:
Interpreter
Compiler
Translating Program
Machine
Language
Object Program
Machine Language ,w;F khw;wg;gl;l Object Program ,idNa fzpdp

nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPILER
,w;Fk;,
INTERPRETER
,w;Fk; ,ilNaahd
NtWghLfs;.
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Compiler MdJ Source Program ,id KOikahf Memory ,y;

vLj;J rupghu;j;J mjd;gpd; Source Program ,id Machine Language ,w;F
(Object Program f;F) khw;Wfpd;wJ. khw;wpagpd; vkf;F EXE File xd;wpidj;
jUfpwJ. ,e;jg; File gpd;du; mjd; Compiler ,y;yhkNy ,aq;Fk;.
Mdhy;> Interpreter MdJ
Source Program ,id xt;nthU tupahf Memory f;F Vw;wp Program ,d; fl;lis
fs; rupah vdg; ghu;j;Jtpl;L clNdNa nraw;gLj;Jk;. ,jd;NghJ Program ,d;
Kjy;tup rupahf ,Ue;jTlNdNa mJ nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,uz;lhtJ tup gpioahf
,Ug;gpd; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; ,ilapy; jilg;gl;LtpLk;.
Fwpg;G:
Compiler MdJ gpiofisj; jpUj;jpagpd;dNu EXE File ,idj;jUk;.

Mdhy; Interpreter Program ,id xt;nthU thpahf rhpghHj;jTlNdNa
nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd;NghJ gpio fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lhy; me;j Program
,ilepWj;jg;gLk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; ed;ikfSk; jPikfSk;

(ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE COMPUTER)
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ed;ikfs; (Advantages)
kpf tpiuthdJ
gy kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd fzf;Ffis xU nrf;fdpy; jPu;f;Fk;

jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ,jdJ ,t;Ntfk; Nfl;]; (Hertz Hz) vDk; myfpy;
msf;fg;gLfpwJ. mj;NjhL ,t;Ntfk; fzpdpf;Ff; fzpdp khWgLfpd;wJ.
2.
kpfTk; jpUj;jkhdJ
,yj;jpudpay; Rw;Wf;fs; nghwpapay; gFjpfisg;Nghd;W ,yF

tpy; gOjiltjpy;iy. mj;NjhL> ,it kpfTk; jpUj;jkhditahfTk;
ek;gfkhditahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
3.
epidtfk; (Memory)
,jpy; mjpfstpyhd juTfisr; Nrkpj;Jitg;gJld;

Neuj;jpy; mtw;iw kpftpiuthfTk; vLf;ff;$bajhfTs;sJ.
cupa
COMPUTER SCIENCE
jPikfs; (Disadvantages)
1. mwpTWj;jy;fs; ,y;yhky; fzpdp vjidAk; nra;ahJ.
3.
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2. kdpjdpd; Kf;fpakhd jpwd;fshd Rakhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; Mw;wy;> fhuzq;fisf;

fz;lwpjy;> Rakhf cUthf;fy;; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fzpdp nfhz;bUf;fkhl;lhJ.
fzpdpahdJ epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;gbNa nraw;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fs; gpioahf ,Ug;gpd; vg;NghJk; gpioahd ngWNgWfisNa fzpdp
jUk;.
4. jtwhd juTfisf; nfhLj;jhy; jtwhd ngWNgWfNs fpilf;Fk;.
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t.t
ic
ww
w.
al
mj;jpahak; - 02
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
k
fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
(STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)
mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilf; fl;likg;G
ic
ikar; nraw;ghl;Lg; gFjp
al
cs;sPl;Lg; gFjp
t.t
(BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)
ntspaPl;Lg; gFjp
ww
w.
ve;jnthU fzpdpAk; Nky; cs;s glk; fhl;Ltjidg;Nghy;>

Kf;fpakhd %d;W mbg;gilf; fl;likg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
(INPUT DEVICES)
t.t
juTfisAk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; fzpdpapDs; mDg;gg; gad;gLk;

rhjdq;fs; ahTk; cs;sPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vd miof;fg;
gLfpd;wd.
ic
rpy cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
al
1. Keyboard
3. Scanner
ww
4. Light Pen
w.
2. Mouse
5. Magnetic Disk
6. Magnetic Tape
10. Modem
11. Digital Camera

COMPUTER SCIENCE
KEYBOARD
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
k
,J fzpdpapDs; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk;

tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhdkhd cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdkhFk;.
PS2 KEYBOARD
cs;sDg;G
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MOUSE
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
k
,J fzpdpapDs; mwpTWj;jy;fis cs;sDg;Gtjw;Fg; gad;

gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhdkhd cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdkhFk;.
SCROLL MOUSE
PS2 MOUSE
TRACKBALL MOUSE
al
Flatbed scanner
ww
w.
Hand held scanner
ic
t.t
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Light Pen
Digital camera
al
ww
w.
Internal modem
ic
t.t
COMPUTER SCIENCE
External Modem
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ikar;nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjp
(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU)
ic
t.t
fzpdpapd; %is my;yJ ,jak; vd ,J miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

CPU MdJ fzpj> kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd jPu;Tfis vLg;gJld;> fzpdpapd; rfy
ghfq;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J Processor vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
al
ekJ ghtidapy; cs;s rpy Processors :
w.
1. AMD
2. Cyrix
ww
3. Intel
ww
w.
al
Intel Processor
ic
t.t
COMPUTER SCIENCE
AMD Processor
Cyrix Processor
COMPUTER SCIENCE
CPU
,d; njhopw;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;G
t.t
external memory
al
CPU
ic
cache memory
Input
devices
ww
w.
arithmatic
logic unit
Output
devices
control unit
Control signal
Data signal
COMPUTER SCIENCE
CPU
,d; gpujhd njhopw;ghLfs;

Nrkpf;fg;
eilngwNtz;ba njhlu;rr
; pahd njhopw;ghLfis> epidtfj;jpy;
gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
t.t
cs;sPl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; mDg;gg;gLk; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk;

mjDila gpujhd epidtfj;jpy; (Main Memory ,y;) Nrkpf;fpd;wJ.
ic
fzpdpapd; rfy gFjpfSf;Fkhd fl;lisfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.
w.
al
juTfs; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;LtUk; tpisTfis ntspaPl;Lj; njhFjpapw;F

mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
ww
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;njhFjp
(CONTROL UNIT)
,J fzpdpapy; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;. ,J fzpdpapd; Vida ghfq;

fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizj;jy; Nghd;w nrw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;
fpd;wJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk;

nraw;ghLfs;
cs;sPl;L rhjdq;fspypUe;JtUk; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. gpd;du; mtw;wpid epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpj;J Njit
ahdNghJ vLg;gjw;fhd fl;lisiag; gpwg;gpf;fpwJ.
nfhLf;fg;gLk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspd; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;fhd

fisf; fzpdpapd; Vida gFjpfSf;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd nraw;ghLfSf;Fupa fl;lisfis toq;F

fpd;wJ.
kw;iwa vy;yhg; gFjpfSf;Fupa fl;lisfis

mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp> xUq;fpizf;fpd;wJ.
fl;lis
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
mDg;Gtjd;%yk;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;fuPjpahd njhFjp
(ARITHMATIC AND LOGIC UNIT)
t.t
,J gpujhdkhf ,uz;L njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.
al
ic
1. fzpjr; nraw;ghLfisr; nra;tJld; mjd; ngWNgWfis epidtfj;jpw;F

mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
ww
w.
2. ju;f;fuPjpahd njhopw;ghLfisr; nra;fpd;wJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs;
(OUTPUT DEVICES)
rpy ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
al
1. Printer
ic
t.t
fzpdpapdhy; Process nra;ag;gl;;l ngWNgWfisg; ghtidahsUf;F toq;fg;

gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs; ahTk; ntspaPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
w.
2. Monitor
3. Magnetic Disk
ww
4. Optical Disk
5. Speaker
6. Plotter
7. Modem
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PRINTER
t.t
-s<sikelieK g{eqbqEt<! -Vg<Gl<! kvUgjtObi nz<zK ohxOu{<cb output

gjtObi yV kitqz<! ns<Sh<hkqk<Kk<kVl<! sikeliGl</! -ju! hqvkielig &e<X
ujgbigh<!hqvqg<gh<hMgqe<xe/
ww
w.
al
1. Inkjet Printer
2. Laser Printer
3. Dotmatrix Printer
ic
mitahtd :
Inkjet printer
Laser printer
Dotmatrix printer
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ic
MONITOR
t.t
MONITOR
ww
w.
al
fzpdpf;F cq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk; mwpTWj;jy;fs; Process nra;ag;gl;lgpd;

mjw;fhd tpisTfs; ,e;j Monitor ,d; jpiuapy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Monitor MdJ Black and White MfNth my;yJ Colour MfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.
ic
t.t
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ww
w.
al
Internal
modem
Speaker
External
Modem
ic
t.t
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ww
w.
al
Optical disk
Plotter
Magnetic Disk
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; epidtfk;
(COMPUTER MEMORY)
t.t
juTfs;> jfty;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gjpe;Jitf;fg; gad;gLk;

fzpdpapd; gFjp epidtfk; (memory) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fzpdpfs;
,yj;jpudpay; Kiwapy; juTfisr; Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,r;nraw;ghLfs; kpd;Jbg;Gf;fis
czUk; Rw;Wf;fs;%yk; eilngWfpd;wd.
RAM
PROM
Bipolar
Semiconductor
Bubble
ww
MOS
ROM
EPROM
Secondary Memory (Jiz
epidtfk;)
w.
Primary Memory (gpujhd
al
ic
epidtfq;fs;
EAPROM
Magnetic
Optical
eg:
eg:
Magnetic Tapes
Floppy Disk
DVD
CD (5.25/3.5)
Floppy
3.5 (A)
Floppy
5.25 (B)
epidtfk;)
Magnetic
& Optical
eg:
Floptical Disk
COMPUTER SCIENCE
gpujhd epidtfk;
(PRIMARY MEMORY OR MAIN MEMORY)
ic
t.t
jw;fhyj;jpy; chips ,dhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l gpujhd epidtfk;, semiconductor memory

Mfpatw;wpy; memory chips IC tbtq;fspNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpfr;rpwpa gFjpapDs;
gyE}W ,yj;jpudpay; gFjpjpfisf;nfhz;l Rw;Wf;fs; IC vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j
IC fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gpujhdkhf ,uz;L njhopDl;gq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mitahtd:
al
1. MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) ,idg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
w.
2. Bipolar Semiconductor ,idg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
ww
MOS
MOS MdJ Fiwe;j kpd;rf;jpAld; nrw;glf;$bajhFk;. ,t;tif epidtfq;fis ,uz;L
tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
1. RAM (Random Access Memory fqjzbi fqjeugl<)

2. ROM (Read Only Memory npqbi fqjeugl<)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
RAM
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
thrpg;gjw;Fk; gjptjw;Fkhd epidtfkhFk;. ,q;F fzpdpahdJ off MFk;NghJ ,e;j

epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Jitj;jpUe;jit ahTk; mope;JtpLk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ROM
ROM
t.t
,e;epidtfj;jpy;
gjpe;Js;stw;iw
thrpf;fkl;LNk
KbAk;.
,jpYs;stw;iw mopf;fNth my;yJ khw;wk; nra;aNth KbahJ.
,d; tiffs;
al
ic
1. PROM (Programable ROM)

2. EPROM (Erasable Programable ROM)
3. EAPROM (Electrically Alternate Programable ROM)
w.
Bubble Memory
ww
,J
kpfr;rpwpa
fhe;jg;Gyq;fspdhy;
cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
,q;F
Bubbles(Fkpo;fs;) cUthfpdhy; 1 vdTk;> Bubbles cUthftpy;iy
vdpy; 0 vdTk; nfhs;sg;gl;Lj; juTfs; gjpag;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;fhd
kpd;toq;fy; Jz;bf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,jpYs;sit mopakhl;lhJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Jiz epidtfk;
(SECONDARY MEMORY OR AUXILIARY MEMORY)
t.t
,q;F gjpag;gLgit mopahky; epue;jukhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,J

NonVolatile Memory vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ CPU MdJ ,aq;fhky; off
epiyf;F te;jhYk; ,jpy; gjpag;gl;Ls;sit mope;JNghfhJ. ,J Main Memory I tpl
Ntfk; Fiwe;jJ. ,J 3 tifg;gLk;.
ic
mitahtd :
1. Magnetic
al
2. Optical
ww
w.
3. Floptical
COMPUTER SCIENCE
1. MAGNETIC
1. Magnetic Tape
ed;ikfs; :
w.
al
ic
t.t
,J rhjhuzkhd xypg;gjpT ehlhtpy; ghly;fisg; gjptJNghyNt juTfisg;

gjpfpd;wJ.
,r;
rhjdk;
fzpdpapYs;s
jfty;>
juTfis
Nrkpj;J
itg;gjw;Fg;(Backup) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
jPikfs; :
ww
1. kypthdJ.
2. mjpf nfhs;ssT cilaJ.
1. J}R> <uypg;G> ntg;gk;> fhe;jk; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhf;fNtz;ba

mtrpaKs;sJ.
2. jfty;fisj; Njb vLg;gjw;fhd Neuk; mjpfk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
2. Floppy Disk
,J xU Magnetic Disk MFk;. ,jpy; ,uz;L tifAz;L.
t.t
mitahtd :
al
ic
1. 5.25 (B) Floppy
ww
w.
2. 3.50 (A) Floppy
3.50(A) Floppy
5.25(B) Floppy
COMPUTER SCIENCE
2. OPTICAL
1.Optical Disk
t.t
,t;tif disk fspy; juTfisg; gjptjw;Fk; thrpg;gjw;Fk; Laser njhopDl;gk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
w.
al
ic
Optical Disk
ww
CD (Compact Disk)
ROM Read Only Memory

RW
(650 MB 700 MB)
(650 MB 700 MB)
DVD (Digital Video Disk)
ROM
RW - ReWritable
(4.7GB 18 GB)
(4.7GB 18 GB)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
3. MAGNETIC & OPTICAL

1.Floptical Disk
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
fhe;jtpay; njhopDl;gk;> Nyru; njhopDl;gk; Mfpa ,uz;L njhopDl;gq;fisAk;

gad;gLj;jpj; jfty;fs; gjpag;gLk; Disk, Floptical Disk vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdJ
nfhs;ssT 20 Mega Bytes ,idtpl mjpfkhdjhFk;. ,jdsT 3.5 Mf ,Ue;jhYk;
,jw;Fj; jdpahd Drive Njit.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FLOPPY DISK
,d;
cs;sikg;G
Sector
al
ic
t.t
Track
ww
w.
0-Track 0-Sector
1-Track 2-Sector
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Disks If;
ifahSk;NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sNtz;bait
t.t
Magnetic Disks ,y; fhe;j Nkw;gug;gpNyNa jfty;fs; gjpag;gLfpd;wd.

3.5
Floppy Disk ,y; ,e;j Nkw;gug;G Plastic Cover ,dhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jf;
Cover cile;jpUe;jhy;> me;j Disk ,idg; gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ. Vnddp;y; ,J Disk
Drive ,id epue;jukhfg; gOjilar; nra;JtpLk;.
al
ic
3.5 Floppy Disk ,d; Nkw;gug;gpy;> fhe;j Nkw;gug;ig %bAs;s Metal Protective
Slider I efu;j;jf;$lhJ. Vnddpy; if milahsq;fspdhYk;> J}rpfspdhYk;
jfty;fs; ,of;fg;glyhk;.
mtw;iw
mtw;Wf;Fupa
ghJfhg;ghd
w.
Disks ,y; gad;gLj;jhj Ntisfspy;>

,lq;fspy; itf;fNtz;Lk;. (Eg :- DiskBox)
ww
TV, Speaker Nghd;wtw;wpy; cs;s fhe;jq;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; fhe;jg;Gyq;fs;

Disk ,y; cs;s jfty;fis mopf;ff;$baJ. ,t;thwhdtw;wpw;F mUfpy;
Magnetic Disks I itf;ff;$lhJ.
ntg;gkhd nghUl;fSf;fz;ikapy; Disks I itf;ff;$lhJ. ntg;gkhdJ Plastic
Cover ,id cUkhw;wpdhy; Magnetic Disk gOjile;JtpLk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
t.t
jfty;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mNdfkhd Disks (Floppy) write Protect Tab

,id my;yJ Notch ,idf; nfhz;Ls;sd. Write Protect Notch MdJ ON
epiyapy; ,Ug;gpd; jfty;fis thrpf;fkl;LNk KbAk;;> gjpaNth my;yJ
khw;wk;nra;aNth KbahJ.
ic
Disk ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ> Disk Drive ,Ys;s LED vupAk;. ,jd;NghJ

Disk ,id ntspNa vLf;ff;$lhJ.
al
CD ,d; cl;gFjpapy; fPwy;fs; vjidAk; Vw;gltplf;$lhJ ,jdhy; mjpy;

gjpag;gl;Ls;s rpy jfty;fis thrpf;fKbahky; ,Uf;Fk;.
ww
w.
CD ,d; ntspg;gFjpapy; (Nky;gFjpapy;) xl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk; Sticker ,id

xUNghJk; cupf;ff;$lhJ. Vnddpy; me;j Sticker ,y;iynadpy; juTfis
thrpg;gjw;fhf mDg;gg;gLk; Laser Beams Reflect nra;akhl;lhJ. ,jdhy;
juTfis thrpf;f KbahJNgha;tpLk;.
k
t.t
ww
w.
al
ic
mj;jpahak; - 03
k
t.t
ic
al
fzpdpiag; ghuhkupj;jYk;
ghJfhj;jYk;
ww
w.
(COMPUTER MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION)
mj;jpahak; 01 : guhkupj;jYk; ghJfhj;jYk;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpiag; guhkupj;jy;
(Computer Maintenance)
t.t
fzpdpapid shut down nra;Ak;NghJ cq;fspw;F It is now safe to turn off your
Computer vd;w nra;jpNjhd;wpa gpd;dNu fzpdpapid off nra;aNtz;Lk;.
(jw;fhy fzpdpfs; jhdfNt off epiyf;F tUk;)
al
ic
Off nra;aKd; midj;Jg; GNuhfpuhk;fspYk; ,Ue;J ntspNawpa gpd;dNu ePqf

; s;
off nra;jy;Ntz;Lk;.
cq;fs; fzpdpia NtWahUk; gad;gLj;jhky; ePq;fs;kl;Lk; gad;gLj;j
tpUk;Gk;NghJ mjw;fhf ePq;fs; Password ,idf; nfhLj;JitAq;fs;.
w.
xt;nthU KiwAk; Gjpa Program fs; gjpAk;NghJk;> File gbf;Fk;NghJk;> Copy

nra;Ak;NghJk; itu]; cs;sjh vd Nrhjpf;fTk;.
ww
3 khjj;jpw;F xU KiwahtJ Defrag nra;tJ ey;yJ. rpjwpf;fplf;Fk; cq;fs;

File fis xd;wpizg;gjd; %yk; Disk ,d; Vuhskhd ,lj;ij kpr;rk;
nra;Jnfhs;syhk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
mNjNghd;W 6 khjq;fSf;F xUKiwahtJ Scandisk I ,af;Ftjd; %yk;

Hard disk ,d; Crash Linked File fis rupg;gLj;jyhk;> NkYk; Hard disk ,y;
VNjDk; gOJfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sjh vd mwpayhk;..
t.t
Floppy Drive ,w;Fs; vspjpy; J}rp Eise;JtpLk;. vdNt vg;nghOJk; Floppy

Drive Hard Cleaner itj;jpUq;fs;.
ww
w.
al
ic
CD ROM Drive Head Cleaner CD xd;iw thq;fp itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mg;NghJjhd; rpy gioa Disk fisg; gbf;fKbAk;.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpiag; ghJfhj;jy;
(Computer Protection)
t.t
fzpdpapy; gOJ Vw;gl Kf;fpa fhuzk; ngUk;ghYk; rupapy;yhj kpd;rhuNk MFk;.

vdNt mjid rup nra;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
itj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpy; Ntiy nra;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ
kpd;rhuk; Ngha;tpl;lhy; Ntiy nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j Program mope;JNgha;tpLk;.
NkYk; Hard Disk> ROM gOjile;JtpLk;.
al
ic
UPS
fzpdpapid off nra;Ak;NghJ UPS ,idAk;

kpd;fyj;jpw;F mjpf tho;ehisf; nfhLf;fyhk;.
off
nra;tjd;
%yk;
mjd;
w.
fzpdpapd; nkapd; gpsf; ,id vLj;JtpLq;fs;. kio Neuq;fspy; kpd;dy; %yk;

fzpdp gOjila tha;g;Gs;sJ.
ww
Keyboard ,y; J}Rfs;> gpd;fs;> Fz;^rpfs; ,y;yhky;

,it Keyboard ,id gOjilar; nra;JtpLk;.
ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
cq;fs; fzpdpapid mbf;fb ,lkhw;wk; nra;ahjPu;fs;.

ntspA+Uf;F fzpdpapid vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;NghJ rupahfg; nghjpnra;aTk;. ,y;iy
nadpy; cilAk; tha;g;Gs;sJ.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdp ON ,y; ,Uf;Fk;NGhJ Keyboard, Printer, Mouse Mfpatw;wpid ,izf;

fNth fow;wNth nra;ahjPu;fs;.
Mouse ruptu ,aq;f mjd; Rubber Bar ,y; mOf;Ffs; Nruhky; ghu;j;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjid Alcohol nfhz;L JilAq;fs;.
ww
w.
al
ic
t.t
fzpdp ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghNjh my;yJ epWj;jpa clNdh %Ljy; $lhJ.

,aq;Fk;NghJ fzpdpapy; cs;s Jthuq;fs; %lg;gl;bUj;jy; jtph;f;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.

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k

01. fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

02. fzpdpapd; fl;likg;G

fzpdpapd; mbg;gilf; fl;likg;G

Disks [ ifahSk;NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sNtz;bait

03. fzpdpiag; ghJfhj;jYk; guhkupj;jYk;

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

cs;thq;Fjy; (receiving), Nrkpj;jy; (storing), khw;wpaikj;jy;

nfhLf;fg;gLk; juTfis (data) khw;wpaikj;jNy Processing vd

fzpdp juTfis cs;nsLg;gjw;Fr; rpy topfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy;

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

fzpdp nkhopfs; rpy :

juTfs; cupaKiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; tpisTfs;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

(TYPES OF THE COMPUTER)

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

Special Purpose (Super Computer)

General Purpose (Personal Computer)

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

njhopw;ghl;bd;; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

Muk;gfhyj;jpy; fzpdpfs; Analog fzpdpfshfNt ,Ue;jd. Mdhy;

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

Digital Computer, Analog Computer Mfpa ,uz;bdJk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

ghu;it mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

ehk; rhjhuzkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Personal Computer fs; (PCs)

2. Laptop Computer (Notebook Computer)

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

,J Micro Computer vdTk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

DIAGRAM OF A DESKTOP COMPUTER

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

,J Notebook Computer vdTk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

ghtid mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER

GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

IBM COMPATIBLE COMPUTER

IBM epWtdk; jahupf;Fk; fzpdpfSk;> NtW epWtdq;fs; jahupf;Fk;

myF 01 : fzpdpapd; mbg;gil

mj;jpahak; 01 : fzpdpapd; mwpKfk;

APPLE COMPATIBLE COMPUTER

Apple epWtdk; jahupf;Fk; fzpdpfs; Apple Compatible Computer vd