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4.1.3 สารวัลคาไนซ์ PDF
4.1.3 สารวัลคาไนซ์ PDF
(compounding formulation)
1. (processability)
2. (properties)
3. / (price)
1. (natural rubber; NR) (synthetic rubber; SR)
(blends) (thermoplastic elastomer; TPE)
2. (vulcanizing agent)
3. (accelerator)
4. (activator)
5. (antidegradants)
6. (fillers)
7. (plasticizers and processing aids)
8. (pigments) (blowing agents) (flame
retardants)
1
1.
IR
2
SBR
SBR NR
SBR
NR SBR
SBR
SBR
NR
SBR
1.2.3 (nitrile or acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber; NBR)
NBR NBR
NR SBR
NBR
1.2.4 (chloroprene rubber; CR)
CR
( NR
)
CR
1.2.5 (butyl rubber; IIR)
IIR
( NR 8-10 )
IIR
IIR
1.2.6 (butadiene rubber; BR)
BR
NR
()
BR
1.2.7 (ethylene propylene diene rubber; EPDM)
EPDM
150C
EPDM
Q MQ () VMQ () PMQ (
) PVMQ () FVMQ
FKM
()
2.
3
3
2.1 (sulfur)
5
SBR, IR, BR, NBR
EPM
2.2 (peroxide)
(
)
( EPM, EVA, CPE Q )
( HNBR, EPDM)
/
(compression set)
2.3
2
(
) (chloroprene; CR)
IIR
3. (accelerators)
3.1 (mercapto)
(2mercaptobenzothiazole; MBT) (dibenzothiazyl disulfide; MBTS)
3.3 (dithiocarbamates)
(zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate;
ZDMC) (zinc diethyldithiocarbamate; ZDEC)
(zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate; ZBEC)
3.4 (thiurams)
(tetramethylthiuram disulfide; TMTD)
(tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; TMTM)
(tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide; TBzTD)
3.5 (guanidines)
(diphenylguanidine; DPG) (dio-tolylguanidine; DOTG) (o-tolylbiguanide; OTBG)
2
(synergistic effect)
7
(primary accelerator)
(secondary accelerator)
4. (activators and retarders)
4.1 (activators)
2-5 phr 1-2 phr
4.2 (retarders)
1) (phthalic anhydride)
(salicylic acid) (benzoic acid) (maleic acid)
2) (cyclohexyl-N-thiophthalimide; CTP)
PVI (pre-vulcanization inhibitor)
5. (antidegradants)
1-3 phr
(amine derivatives) (phenol
derivatives)
(N-Isopropyl-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine; IPPD)
(N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine; 6PPD)
(2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2- dihydroquinoline; TMQ) (2,6-Ditert.butyl-p-cresol; BHT) (Styrenated phenol; SPH)
6. (fillers)
2
1)
2)
6.1 (carbon black)
6.2 (silica)
( -OH)
(DEG)
(PEG) (triethanolamine) (hexamethylene
tetramine, HEXA) DPG DOTG
(clay)
(CaCO3) (talcum)
7. (plasticizers and processing aids)
7.1 (plasticizers)
7.1.1 (mineral oils)
3
(paraffinic oil) (naphthenic oil) (aromatic oil)
7.1.2 (paraffin wax)
10
8. )
8.1 (pigments)
2
(titanium dioxide, TiO2)
(iron oxides) (chromium oxide)
- (cadmium sulfide)
azodyes () phthalocyanide dyes ()
11
:
:
(653)
IRHD
: /
:
/
/ EDPM
()
()
12
EDPM
CV
(phr)
EPDM
100
(N330)
30
70
TMQ
TBBS
TBBS
0.3
210.3
: , 26-27 2557
(mixing)
13
(rubber compound)
(distribution)
(dispersion)
(batch) (Mooney viscosity)
(cure characteristics)
(incorporation wetting) (distribution)
(dispersion)
( )
2
1. (batch mixer) 2
1.1 2 (two-roll mill)
1.2 4
1.2.1 (Banbury internal mixer)
1.2.2 (Intermix internal mixer)
1.2.3 (variable intermeshing
clearance internal mixer)
1.2.4 (kneader)
2. (continuous mixer) (single
screw) (twin screw)
2 (two-roll mill)
2 2
14
15
intermeshing
16
17
4
(variable intermeshing clearance internal mixer) [9]
(kneader)
18
5 (kneader) [10]
(continuous mixer)
(continuous mixer) (single
screw) (twin screw) 3
1. (feed zone) (hopper)
2. (mixing zone)
3. (discharge zone)
19
1. (Mooney viscosity)
(Mooney viscometer) 7
2 (upper die) (lower die) 2
(preheat time) 1
2
Mooney units (MU) Mooney viscosity (MV)
20
scale 4
(IIR) (XIIR) 8
7 (Mooney viscometer)
40 ML 1+4 (100 C)
40
Mooney
(large) S (small)
( 8 )
21
3 (Mooney viscometer)
(Osciilating disc rheometer; ODR)
(Moving die rheometer; MDR)
2.1
( 125C 140C
) (cure index)
:
tL = t35 t5
tS = t18 t3
t3 3 ()
t5 5 ()
t18 18 ()
t35 35 ()
3
(rheometer)
2.2 (Oscillating disc rheometer; ODR)
ODR
ODR (biconical shape)
22
(
) (1 3) 1.67 Hz 100
3
8
8 ODR [12]
9 ODR
23
3
1. (induction):
ML
2. (curing):
()
(scorch time) ts 1
1 - (dN.m) ts1
3 2 ts2
MH
(curing time) tcx x (ML)
(MH) tc90 (optimum curing
time) 90
90%
100%
tc90
tc90 = ML + [90 (MH ML)/100]
(cure rate index; CRI)
CRI = 100/ ( )
3. (overcure):
plateau
24
( marching) (
reversion)
2.3 (Moving die rheometer; MDR)
rotorless curemeter
MDR 10 MDR
ODR MDR (
) - ( 0.5 ODR)
1.7 Hz
ODR MDR
1 -
10 MDR [13]
25
26
1. , ,
29 1 2535,
2. , : , ,
2 2548.
3. , , , 1 2548.
4. , : ,
, 1 2550.
5. , : ,
, 2 2554.
6. http://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/artificallawn/productdetailBbkQgSeKZfYh/China-Two-Roll-Mixing-Mill-RM-OM-.html
7. http://www.farrel.com/products/F%20Series%20Banbury%20Mixer.pdf
8. http://www.farrel.com/products/intermix.pdf
9. http://www.webalice.it/roberto.regalia/le_mie_pubblicazioni.html
10. http://cnhitop.en.made-in-china.com/product/eMymHLwVXtpg/China-RubberMachinery-Dispersion-Mixer-Kneader-.html
11. http://www.farrel.com/products/9UM.pdf
12. http://www.thru-med.com/eq2_Rubber_Oscillating.htm
13. http://www.sambosc.com/board/bbs/board.php?bo_table=product7&wr_id=1
14. http://www.nb-jk.com/enp8.htm
15. http://www.karunanandpress.com/rubber-moulding-press.html
16. http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/10945198/Rubber_injection_moulding_machine.ht
ml
17. http://www.ventmaster.com/p-cold-feed-rubber-extruder-machine-1265442.html
18. http://www.globalchemmade.com/company/8744/Equipments/9487.html
19. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Autoclave_Laminacion_de_Vidrio.jpg
20. http://bainasb.en.made-in-china.com/productimage/xqwJfAncTLWt2f0j00uCdESzncSJkl/China-Salt-Bath-Continous-Curing-System.html
21. http://www.alibaba.com/productgs/517220670/Rubber_rotocure_rubber_machine_for_tire.html
27