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Márquez J.L., Molina M.G., Pacas J.M
Márquez J.L., Molina M.G., Pacas J.M
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ABSTRACT
This paper presents a full detailed modeling and a new control scheme of a three-phase grid-connected
micro-hydro power plant (MHPP). The MHPP model consists of a run-of-river hydraulic turbine
coupled to a synchronous generator and the electronic power conditioning system for grid connection.
The control consists of a multi-level hierarchical structure and incorporates a maximum power point
tracker (MPPT) for better use of the hydro resource. In addition, reactive power compensation of the
electric grid is included, operating simultaneously and independently of the active power generation.
Validation of models and control schemes is performed by using the MATLAB/Simulink
environment. Moreover, a small-scale micro-hydro power station experimental set-up was employed
to demonstrate the accuracy of proposed models.
Keywords: Distributed generation (DG), micro-hydro power plant (MHPP), dynamic modeling, ACDC-AC power conditioning system, control techniques.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the last decade, problems related to energy
factors (oil crisis), ecological aspects (climatic
change), electric demand (significant growth)
and financial/regulatory restrictions of wholesale
markets have arisen worldwide. These
difficulties, far from finding effective solutions,
are continuously increasing, which suggests the
need of technological alternatives to assure their
solution. One of these technological alternatives
is named distributed generation (DG), and
consists on generating electricity as near as
possible of the consumption site, in fact like it
was made in the beginnings of the electric
industry, but now incorporating the advantages
of the modern technology [1]. Here it is
consolidated the idea of using clean nonconventional technologies of generation that use
renewable energy sources (RESs) that do not
cause environmental pollution, such as wind,
photovoltaic, hydraulic, among others [2].
In recent years, a rising interest on grid
integration of micro-hydro power plants (MHPP)
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maSd i v
id Rs
d
Ls M
2(Ls M) Ls M
maSq
Rs
(4)
s iq =
iq
0
Ls M 2(Ls M)
3
3
2
Vd maSd maSq
Vd 0
2
2
C
C
R
C
d
d
p
d
where,
s=d/dt: Laplace variable, defined for t > 0.
:
synchronous angular speed of the grid
voltage at the fundamental frequency.
m:
modulation index of the VSI (m [0, 1]).
a=
n2
3
2
n1
The proposed control of the three-phase gridconnected MHPP consists of an external, middle
and internal level, as depicted in Fig. 5.
3.1. External Level Control
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Figure 5. Proposed multi-level control scheme for the three-phase grid-connected MHPP.
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