2013-2014

.


, ,
.
(
) .


.
.

gmilios@hotmail.com

.

eirspyrou@sch.gr
1
.

anastasia.faneli@gmail.com
5

2 : 2000

. z =

5+i
2 + 3i

. z + i , , .
. z 4 : .4

. 4i

. 4i

. 4

:
.. . z = 1 i .

. z 4 = (1 i ) = (1 i )
4

2 2

= (1 2i 1) = ( 2i ) = 4
2

: : ( ) =

2 : 2000
. , z,
z 1
:
=1
z i
:
.

z 1
z 1
=1
=1 z 1 = z i , z i
z i
z i

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

: :

= = , ( 0 )

3 : 2000

x 2 8 x + 16,
0 < x < 5
f : f ( x ) = 2

2
5 x
( + ) ln ( x 5 + e ) + 2 ( + 1) e , x 5
. lim f ( x ) , lim+ f ( x ) .
x 5

x 5

. , f x0 = 5 .
:
. f x0 = 5

=
=
f ( x ) lim
f ( x ) f ( 5) .
lim
+

x 5

x 5

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 =
1

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 =1 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 =0 ( + 1) + 2 =0 + 1 =0 =0
2

:
: 2 0 , . = 0 .
: 2 + 2 =0 =0 = 0

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

4 : 2000
. f ( t )

t , t 0 . f ( t )
8
2.
t +1
) f ( t ) .
) t, ,
;

:
) f ( t =
)

8
6 2t
2=
,t0
t +1
t +1

f (t ) > 0

6 2t
> 0 t +1 > 0
t +1

( t0)
6 2t > 0 2t < 6 t < 3

f t [ 0,3]
f (t ) < 0

6 2t
< 0 t +1 > 0
t +1

( t0)
6 2t < 0 2t > 6 t > 3

f t [3, + ) .
t = 3 .
:
:

( x)
> 0 ( x) ( x) > 0
( x)

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

: , > 0

>0

: , < 0

<0

3 : 2001
f ,
, : f 3 ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) + f ( x ) = x 3 2 x 2 + 6 x 1 , x ,
, 2 < 3 . :
) f , ) f )
f ( x ) = 0 , ( 0,1) .
:
) ) :
3 f 2 ( x ) f ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 3x 2 4 x + 6

f ( x ) ( 3 f 2 ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) + ) = 3x 2 4 x + 6
: 3 x 2 4 x + 6 > 0 x = 56 < 0 = 3 > 0 .
3 f 2 ( x ) + 2 f ( x ) + , f ( x ) = , 3 2 + 2 +

4 2 12=
4 2 3 < 0 , 2 < 3
: =

= 3 > 0 .
f ( x ) > 0 x , f ( x ) 0
.
) f [ 0,1] . x = 0 :

f ( 0) ( f 2 ( 0) + f ( 0) + ) =
1 x = 1 :
f (1) ( f 2 (1) + f (1) + ) =
4 . y 2 + y + :
= 2 4 < 0 2 < 3 > 0 2 4 < .
f ( 0 ) f (1) < 0 . Bolzano
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

f ( x ) = 0 , ( 0,1) . f
1-1.
:
.

2 : 2002
z f ( ) = i z , * .
. f ( 3) + f ( 8 ) + f (13) + f (18 ) =
0
:

f ( 3) + f ( 8 ) + f (13) + f (18 ) =
i 3 z + i 8 z + i13 z + i18 z =iz + z + iz z =0

+
: : =

( )

4 : 2002
. h, g [ a, ] .

h ( x ) > g ( x ) x [ a, ] ,

h( x)dx > g ( x)dx

:
h ( x ) > g ( x ) x [ a, ] h ( x ) g ( x ) > 0

(h( x) g ( x))dx > 0 h( x)dx g ( x)dx > 0 h( x)dx > g ( x)

: :

> >0

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

3 : 2003
) f ( x ) = x 5 + x 3 + x
f .
:
0
f ( x ) = 0 20 x 3 + 6 x = 0 2 x (10 x 2 + 3) = 0 x = 0 10 x 2 + 3 =

10 x 2 + 3 > 0 , x . x = 0
:
: = 0 = 0 = 0 .
4 : 2003
f [ , ]
( , ) . f=
( ) f=
( ) 0

( , ) , ( , ) , f ( ) f ( ) < 0 , :
) f ( x ) = 0 ( , ) .
) 1 , 2 ( , ) , f (1 ) < 0 f ( 2 ) > 0 .
) f .
:
) < [ , ] [ , ] x0 ( , )

f ( x ) = 0 . < < x0 < < .

f ( ) f ( ) < 0 , f ( ) , f ( ) . f ( ) > 0 ,

f ( ) < 0 .
[ , ] :

f [ , ] .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

f ( , )

(..) x1 ( , )

( x1 )
f =

f ( ) f ( ) f ( )
=
> 0 , f ( ) = 0 , f ( ) > 0 > 0 .

[ , x0 ] x2 ( , x0 )
=
f ( x2 )

f ( x0 ) f ( )
< 0.
x0

[ x0 , ] x3 ( x0 , )

=
f ( x3 )

f ( ) f ( x0 )
<0
x0

[ , ] x4 ( , )

=
f ( x4 )

f ( ) f ( )
> 0.

< x1 < x2 < x3 < x4 <

[ x1 , x2 ] :

f [ x1 , x2 ]

f ( x1 , x2 )

(..) 1 ( x1 , x2 )

=
f (1 )

f ( x2 ) f ( x1 )
< 0 , f ( x2 ) < 0 f ( x1 ) > 0 f ( x1 ) < 0 ,
x2 x1

f ( x2 ) + ( f ( x1 ) ) < 0 f ( x2 ) f ( x1 ) < 0 (1)

x1 < x2 x2 x1 > 0 (2)
(1), (2)

f ( x2 ) f ( x1 )
< 0.
x2 x1

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

[ x3 , x4 ] 2 ( , )
f ( x4 ) f ( x3 )
> 0.

=
f ( 2 )
)

x4 x3

f [1 , 2 ]

f (1 ) f ( 2 ) < 0
Bolzano 3 (1 , 2 )

f (3 ) = 0 f . f
.
:
: , > 0

> 0.

: , < 0

<0

: > 0 > 0 + > 0

: < 0 < 0 + < 0
: < 0 , : > <
:
4 ,
)

4 : 2004
z= z +

1
1
: Re ( z 2 ) = , z= + i ,
2
z

, . f ( 2=
) > 0 , f ( 3) = > , f
, x0 ( 2,3) f ( x0 ) = 0 .
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

:
2

z= z +

1
1
1
1
1 1
1
2

z =z +
zz = z + z + zz =zz + z + z +
z z
zz
z
z
z
z

1
1 Re ( z 2 ) =

0 = z 2 + z 2 + 1 2 Re ( z 2 ) =
2

( )

1
1
( )( + ) =
.
: Re z 2= 2 2 2 2 =
2
2
, + . > > 0

+ < 0 < . : > 0 < 0 .

f ( 2 ) f ( 3) < 0 . f [ 2,3]
Bolzano x0 f ( x ) = 0
( 2,3) .
:
, .

3 : 2004

1
1
f ( ) z 2 + 2 =
f 2 ( ) , : f 2 ( ) < f 2 ( )
=
z
z
3
x f ( a ) + f ( ) =
0 ( 1,1) .
z +

:
2

1
1
1

f 2 ( ) z 2 + 2 + 2 =f 2 ( ) f 2 ( ) + 2 =f 2 ( )
z+ =
f ( ) z + =
z
z
z

: f 2 ( ) < f 2 ( ) .
g , =
g ( x ) x 3 f ( ) + f ( ) , x [ 1,1] . g

[ 1,1] g ( 1) g (1) =
( f ( ) + f ( ) ) ( f ( ) + f ( ) )
g ( 1) g (=
1) f 2 ( ) f 2 ( ) . : f 2 ( ) < f 2 ( )
. , .
, 1
, 5

f 2 ( ) f 2 ( ) < 0

2013-2014

10

g ( 1) g (1) < 0 . Bolzano x0

g ( x ) = 0 ( 1,1) .
:

2 : 2005

z=
z=
3.
z1 , z2 , z3 z=
1
2
3
. : z1 =

9
z1

:
z1 =
3
z1 =
32 z1 z1 =9 z1 =
2

9
z1

:
, > 0 , , = =
3 : 2005
. ( ) ,
f ,

e2
yy , ( ) =
2
:
1
1

e 2
x
2
0

e
ex
e
x
e = e e 1 = e2

( ) =

e
ex
dx
(
)
)

0
2 0
2
2
2

: :

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

11

2 : 2006
f ( x) =2 + ( x 2 ) , x 2 .
2

f 1 f
.
:
f 1 1 .
y = f ( x ) x , x 2 .
y 2 0

y = f ( x ) y = 2 + ( x 2) y 2 = ( x 2)
2

y2 =

( x 2)

y2 = x2

y 2 0

y 2 = x 2 x=

y 2 + 2 . f 1 ( y ) =

y 2 + 2 ,

y 2.

f 1 ( x ) =

x 2 + 2 , x 2 .

:
:
,
, .
:

2 =

: = , 0 .
: .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

12

2 : 2006
) ii)
f f 1
:

=
E 2 f ( x ) x dx .

3

f ( x) =2 + ( x 2 ) .
2

f ( x) x = 2 + ( x 2 ) x = x 2 5 x + 6 .
2

> 0 . [ 2,3]
x 2 5 x + 6 0 . f ( x ) x =
( x 2 5 x + 6 )

x [ 2,3] .

E = 2 f ( x ) x dx = 2 ( x 2 5 x + 6 )dx
3

:
: x 2 + x + , 0 ,
> 0 x , .

, 0
, < 0

: =

3o : 2006

z1 , z2 , z3 , z=
z=
z=
1 , z1 + z2 + z3 =
1.
1
2
3
. ii) : z1 z2 4 .
2

:

2
z1 z2 z1 + z2 z1 z2 1 + 1 z1 z2 22
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

13

:
: + +
: : < < .

4 : 2006
f =
( x)

x +1
ln x .
x 1

) g ( x ) = ln x

( , ln ) , > 0
h ( x ) = e x ( , e ) , ,
f ( x ) = 0 .

1 : y g ( =
) g ( )( x ) y=

x 1 + ln

2 : y h ( )= h ( )( x ) y = e x e + e .
1
= e (1) ln 1= e e (2)

+1
(1),(2) : ( 1) ln = + 1 ln =
, 1 0 .
( 1)
:
x + =
0 , 0 , : x = x =
, x =

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

14

2 : 2007
: ( z1 ) =
2

z =

( z2 )

z1 , z2

2 + i
= 0 = 2 .
+ 2i

:
: z1 =

( z1 )

2 1
= = i :
2i i

1,
2

=
( i ) =i 2 =( i 2 ) =( 1) =
1,

=
: z2

1,
2 + 2i

= 1 : ( z2 ) =
( 1) =
2 + 2i
1,

( z1 ) =
2

( z2 )

:

2 : 2008
z w :

(i + 2 2) z =
6 w (1 i ) = w (3 3i ) :
. z
:

(i + 2 2) z = 6 i + 2 2 x + yi = 6 3 x 2 + y 2 = 6
x 2 + y 2 =2 x 2 + y 2 =4

:
4 : 2008
. f () g
() : lim
h 0

g ( x + h) 2 g ( x ) + g ( x h)
= f ( x ) + 45
h2

( 0 ) 1 , g ( x ) = x5 + x3 + x + 1
g=
( 0 ) g=
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

15

:
g ( x + h) 2 g ( x ) + g ( x h)
g '( x + h) g '( x h)
lim
=
=
2
h 0
h 0
2h
h
g '( x + h) g ( x ) + g ( x ) g '( x h)
1
lim
2 h 0
h
1
g '( x + h) g '( x) 1
g '( x) g '( x h) 1
lim
+ lim
= [ g ''( x) + g ''( x)]= g ''( x)
h

0
h

0
2
h
2
h
2

lim

2 : 2008
1+ i 3
z 2 + z + =
0,
2
.

z1 =

. = 1 = 1
. z13 = 1

:
. z1 z1 Vieta:
S=
z1 + z1 ==
1

=
1

=1 =1

P =z1 z2 =

1 i 3 3
1
1i 3
1 i 3 2 i 3 3
. z13 =+
(
) =
( )3 + 3
+3 (
) +(
) =
..... 1
2
2
2
4 2
2 2
2

: Vieta
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

16

: ( + ) = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
3

3 : 2009

x ln ( x + 1) , x > 1 , > 0 1 .
f ( x ) =
. f ( x ) 1 x > 1 , = e
:
f ( 1, + ) =
f ( x ) x ln

1
.
x +1

f ( 0 ) = 1 , f ( x ) f ( 0 ) , x > 1 .
f x0 = 0
, Fermat :
f ( 0 ) =
0 0 ln 1 =
0 ln a =
1 ln a =
ln e a =
e.
:
: f , ,
x0 () , f ( x ) f ( x0 ) ,

x.
3 : 2009
. , ( 1, 0 ) ( 0, + )

f ( ) 1 f ( ) 1
0,
+
=
x 1
x2

(1, 2 ) .
:
g ( x ) = ( x 2 ) f ( ) 1 + ( x 1) f ( ) 1 ,

( f ( ) 1)
[ 0, 2] g (1) =
g=
( 2 ) f ( ) 1 .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

17

, ( 1, 0 ) ( 0, + ) )

f ( ) > 1 f ( ) 1 > 0 ( f ( ) 1) < 0

f ( ) > 1 f ( ) 1 > 0 . g (1) g ( 2 ) < 0 . g
Bolzano,
g ( x ) = 0 (1, 2 )

f ( ) 1 f ( ) 1
0.
+
=
x 1
x2

: : , < 0

<0

4 : 2009
x
H ( x)

f ( t ) dt + 3, x ( 0, 2]

0
x

G ( x ) =

2
1 1 t

x=0
,
2
6 lim
t 0
t

1 1 t2
t 0
t2

. : lim

)(

1 1 t2 1+ 1 t2
1 1 t2
1
1
t2
lim
lim
lim
lim
=
=
=
=
2
2
t 0
t
t
t

0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
t
1+ 1 t
t 1+ 1 t
t 1+ 1 t

:
: ,
: ii)

10
=
5 1

. , .
, 1
, 5

10

5 +1

)(

5 1

5 +1

2013-2014

18

2 : 2010
w w 4 + 3i =
2 3 w 7 .
:

w 4 + 3i 4 3i w w 4 + 3i + 4 3i
2 42 + ( 3) w 2 + 42 + ( 3)
2

25 w 2+5 3 w 7
:
:

w w w + , w = w +

3o : 2010
: x + x 2 + 9 > 0 , x
:

x + x 2 + 9 > 0 x 2 + 9 > x (1)

:
x = 0 :

02 + 9 > 0 3 > 0 , (1) .

x > 0 : ,
(1) .
x < 0 : ,

x2 + 9 > x

x2 + 9

> ( x ) x 2 + 9 > x 2 9 > 0 ,

2

(1) .
: ,

> >
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

19

2 : 2011
z w , z 3i , :

z 3i + z + 3i =
2 w = z 3i +

1
z 3i

3 w 2 w 2
:
w = z 3i + z + 3i = z + z = 2 x

: 2 w 2 2 2 x 2 1 x 1
1 :
x 2 + ( y 3) 2 =
1 ( y 3) 2 =
1 x2

( y 3) 2 0 1 x 2 0 1 x 1
: :

x < < x <

2 : 2011
z , w , :

z i =1 + Im ( z )

(1)

w ( w + 3i )= i ( 3w + i ) (2)

1. z
1
y = x 2
4
2. w
( 0,3) = 2 2 .

1
2
1. x + yi i =1 + y x + ( y 1)i = ( y + 1) 2 ....... y = x 2
4
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

20

i (3w + i ) ....x 2 + y 2 6 y + 1 =
0 ....x 2 + ( y 3) 2 =
8
2. w( w + 3i ) =
: : y = x 2

B : 2012
z w :
z 1 + z +1 =
4
2

w 5w =
12

(1)
(2)

B1. z
= 1 .
2. z1 , z2 z

z1 z2 =2 , z1 + z2 .
4. z , w (1),(2)
: 1 z w 4 .
:
2. : =2 ,
+ .

( ) = 2 ( )
( + )

=2 2 2 + 2 =2 2 + 2 2 =2

= 2 + 2 + 2

,
.
z1 z2 = 2 z1 z2 =2 ( z1 z2 )( z1 z2 ) =2
2

z1 z1 z2 z1 z2 + z2 =
2
2

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

21

z1 z2 z1 z2 =0
z1 + z2 =
2 0=
2
( z1 + z2 )( z1 + z2 ) =z1 + z1 z2 + z1 z2 + z2 =+
2

2
z1 + z2 =
4.

+ +

max

z w z + w z + w max =1 + 3 =4
:

+ +

max

+ + ,
.

: 2012
f ( x ) =
( x 1) ln x 1 , x > 0 .
1. f

1 =( 0,1] =
[1, + ) .
2
f

:
f
( 0, + ) ,

f ( x ) =ln x +

x 1 x ln x + x 1
.
=
x
x

f (1) = 0 .
x > 1 ln x > ln1 ln x > 0 x ln x > 0 (1)
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

22

x > 1 x 1 > 0 (2)

(1),(2) x ln x + x 1 > 0 .
x ln x + x 1
x ln x + x 1
> 0 .
> 0 f ( x ) > 0 .
x
x
f [1, + ) . ( 0,1] .

:
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .
: > 0 > 0 + > 0 .

: 2012
3. x1 , x2 x1 < x2 2,

2012 .
x0 ( x1 , x2 ) , f ( x0 ) + f ( x0 ) =
:
=
h ( x)

( f ( x ) 2012 ) e

h [ x1 , x2 ]
. h

( x1 , x2 )

h ( x ) = f ( x ) e x + ( f ( x ) 2012 ) e x = ( f ( x ) + f ( x ) 2012 ) e x .
h ( x1 ) =
0
( 2012 2012 ) e x1 =
( f ( x1 ) 2012 ) e x1 =

0
h ( x2 ) =
( 2012 2012 ) e x2 =
( f ( x2 ) 2012 ) e x2 =

h ( x1 ) = h ( x2 ) .

Rolle x0 ( x1 , x2 )

h ( x0 ) =
0 ( f ( x0 ) + f ( x0 ) 2012 ) e x0 =
0 f ( x0 ) + f ( x0 ) 2012 =
0
e x 0 x .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

23

:
: 0 , : = =
:
= = 0 ( ) = 0 = , 0 .

: 2012
f : ( 0, + ) , x > 0
:
f ( x) 0

x 2 x +1

f ( t )dt

x x2
e

x ln t t

ln x x =
dt + e f ( x )
1
f (t )

3. ln x x 1 , x > 0 ,
F ( x ) = f ( t )dt , x > 0 , > 0 .
x

: F ( x ) + F ( 3 x ) > 2 F (2 x) , x > 0 .
:
=
f ( x ) e x ( ln x x ) .
f ( 0, + ) , F
x > 0 , F ( x ) = f ( x ) .

f x > 0 , F
:
1
1
1

e x ( ln x x ) + e x 1 =
e x ln x x + 1 =
e x ln x ( x 1) > 0
F ( x) =
x
x
x

F x > 0 .
F [ x, 2 x ] [ 2 x,3 x ] , x > 0 .
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

24

x1 ( x, 2 x ) x2 ( 2 x,3 x )
:

F ( 2x) F ( x) F ( 2x) F ( x)
=

2x x
x
F ( 3x ) F ( 2 x ) F ( 3x ) F ( 2 x )
=
F ( x2 ) =
3x 2 x
x
F x > 0 x1 < x2
:
=
F ( x1 )

F ( x1 ) < F ( x2 )

F ( 2 x ) F ( x ) F ( 3x ) F ( 2 x )
<
.
x
x

x > 0

F ( 2 x ) F ( x ) F ( 3x ) F ( 2 x )
F ( 2x) F ( x)
F ( 3x ) F ( 2 x )
<
x
<x

x
x
x
x
F ( 2 x ) F ( x ) < F ( 3x ) F ( 2 x ) 2 F ( 2 x ) < F ( 3x ) + F ( x )
:
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .
: > 0 , : > > .

: 2012
3. > 0 .

2 F ( ) .
( , 2 ) F ( ) + F ( 3 ) =
:
h ( x ) = 2 F ( x ) F ( ) F ( 3 ) . h [ , 2 ] .
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

25

h ( ) = 2 F ( ) F ( ) F ( 3 ) = F ( ) F ( 3 )
( x ) f ( x ) < 0 , F
1 F=
.
< 3 F ( ) > F ( 3 ) F ( ) F ( 3 ) > 0 h ( ) > 0 (1)
h ( 2 )= 2 F ( 2 ) F ( ) F ( 3 )= 2 F ( 2 ) ( F ( ) + F ( 3 ) )
3 x =
F ( x ) + F ( 3 x ) > 2 F (2 x)

F ( ) + F ( 3 ) > 2 F ( 2 ) 2 F ( 2 ) ( F ( ) + F ( 3 ) ) < 0 h ( 2 ) < 0

(2)

(1),(2) h ( ) h ( 2 ) < 0 .
Bolzano ( , 2 ) h ( ) = 0 .
( x ) 2 f ( x ) < 0 , x > 0 . h
=
h ( x ) 2 F
=
( 0, + ) . .

:
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .

: (1) > > 0 .

: (1) , (2) , < 0
2 : 2013
0 , 1 , 2 0 3 , 1 3 , 2 3

0
v v3 + 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 =
v < 4 .
:

v 3
v3 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 =
v3 + 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 =
0 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 =
v = 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 (1)
3

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

26

: 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 2 v 2 + 1v + 0 2 v + 1 v + 0
2

(1) : v 3 v + 3 v + 3 v 3 v 3 v 3
3

: v 3 v 3 v < 4 v 3 v 3 v 4 < 0 ( v 4 ) v + v + 1 < 0

3

: v + v + 1 < 0 , : v 4 < 0 v < 4

2

:
( ) .

2 : 2013
z , w

2 x 2 w 4 3i x =2 z (1) x = 1 .
z , w z + w 10 z w 10
:

0
z = (1) : 2 x 2 x + 2 =
w 4 3i =
0
: =0 2 16 =
0 .
x = 1 : 2 + 2 =

= 4 = 1 . .. w ( 4,3)
4 .. z ( 0, 0 ) 1 .
: z + w = z + w 4 3i + 4 + 3i z + w 4 3i + 4 + 3i
: z + w 1 + 4 + 42 + 32 z + w 10 . :

z w = z w + 4 + 3i 4 3i z + w + 4 + 3i + 4 3i :

z w 1+ 4 +

( 4 ) + ( 3)
2

z w 10

:

.
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

27

: 2014
2 z + ( z + z ) i 4 2i =
0 , z .
2

1. .
B2. z1 = 1 + i z2 = 1 i ,
39

z
w = 3 1 3i .
z2
:
39

39
39
(1 + i )2
9
z1
1+ i
=
2. w =3 =3
3

=3 i 39 =3 ( i 4 ) i 3 =3i

2
1 i
z2

:
+
: =

( )

: 2014
h ( x ) =
x ln ( e x + 1) , x .
1. h .

e
h 2 h ( x ) )
<
2. e (
, x .
e +1
:

e
e
h 2 h ( x ) )
h 2 h ( x ) )
<
ln e (
< ln
h ( 2h ( x ) ) < h (1)
2. e (
e +1
e +1
2h ( x ) < 1 h ( x ) <

1
h ( x ) < h ( 0 ) x > 0 .
2

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

28

: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 :
f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) > f ( x2 ) .
: 2014
ex 1
, x0

f ( x ) = x
.
1
,x=0

2. f . )

2 f ( x )

f ( u )du = 0 , x = 0 .

lim
x 0

f ( x ) f ( 0)
ex x 1
ex 1 1
= lim
=
lim
=
.
x 0
x 0 2 x
x0
x2
2

f x0 = 0 f ( 0 ) =

1
.
2

x = 0 .
x > 0 e x > 1

ex 1
> 0 f ( x) > 0
x

x < 0 e x < 1

ex 1
> 0 f ( x) > 0
x

x = 0 f ( 0 )= 1 > 0 .
f , f , :
x > 0 , f ( x ) > f ( 0 ) 2 f ( x ) > 1
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

29

f ( x ) > 0 x > 0 ,

2 f ( x )

f ( u )du > 0

x > 0 .
x < 0 .
x = 0 .
:
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) < f ( x2 ) .
: > 0 , : > >
: < 0 , : > <

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

30

4 : 2002

,
P ( ) + P ( ) 2 P ( ) . :
f ( x=
)

( x P ( )) ( x P ( ))
3

, x

. P ( ) P ( )
. x =

x=

P ( ) + P ()

P ( ) + P ()

:
. : P ( ) + P ( ) 2 P ( )

P ( ) + P () P ( ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( )
. : f ( =
x ) 3( x P ( )) 3( x P ( )) , x
2

: f ( x )= 0 3 ( x P ( ) ) 3 ( x P ( ) ) = 0
2

( x P ( ))= ( x P ( ))
2

x P ( )= x P ( )

x P = x + P
(
)
(
)

P (
=
) P ( )
P ( ) + P ()

x=
2
2=
x P ( ) + P ( )

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

31

3 : 2003
x
.
x 1
. f ( x ) < 0 , x .

f ( x ) =

:
2
x 2 1 ( x + 1)
f ( x) =
=
< 0 , x {1,1} .
2
2
( x 2 1) ( x 2 1)

: , < 0

< 0.

. lim ( x + 1) f ( x ) .
x 1
:

x
x

lim ( x + 1) f ( x ) =lim ( x + 1) 2 =lim ( x + 1)

=
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
( x + 1)( x 1)

x
x 1
= lim ( x + 1)
=lim 1

=
x 1
( x + 1)( x 1) x1 ( x 1) 2

:
: 2 2 = ( + )( )
:

. , .
, 1
, 5

1 , 0.
=

2013-2014

32

4 : 2003
,
, ( )
( ) .

1
8
9
5
3
4

7
14
6
4
12
5

. .
:
. x = 5
x = 8 .
: S x2 =

23
23
S x =
3
3

S x2 =

41
41
S x =
3
3

:
23
S x
3
=
=
CV

5
x
41
S x
3
=
=
CV

8
x

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

33

23 41
23
41

CV > CV 3 > 3 3 > 3 1472 < 1025

5
8
5 8

.
:
: ,
: > >

2 : 2004
f ( x ) =

x2 4 x + 3

x 3

.
:
: x 0

x 3 0 x 3 x 3 .

x ( 0,3) ( 3, + )

f ( x) =

( x 1)( x 3) x + 3
( x 1)( x 3) f x =
x2 4 x + 3
f ( x) =
( )
x 3
x 3
x 3
x+ 3

( x 1)( x 3) x + 3
f ( x) =
( x 3)
f ( x ) =
( x 1)

x+ 3

)(

, x ( 0,3) ( 3, + )

:
, .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

34

3 : 2005
, , :
i.
, 7/8

ii. P ( ) , P ( )

3 x 15
1 5
= , , , : = lim 2
x 5 x 6 x + 5
2 4
.
1. P ( ) , P ( )
:
3 ( x 5)
3 x 15
3
3
. lim =
=
= lim
=
lim
2
x 5 x 6 x + 5
x 5 ( x 5 )( x 1)
x 5 ( x 1)
4

. : 0 P ( ) P ( ) 1

1
3
1 3
5
< <1<
P ( ) = P ( ) =
2
4
2 4
4
: , .

4 : 2005
={1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9,10}
. , ,
={1, 2,3, 4,5, 6} , ={1,3, 4} , ={2, 6}
x +1

= x /
2
x 1

. P ( ) , P ( ) , P ( ) .
:
:

x +1
x +1
x + 3
2
20
0 ( x + 3)( x 1) 0 x > 1 x < 3
x 1
x 1
x 1
={1, 2}
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

35

2 : 2008
f ( x ) =
. lim
x 1

x 1
, x
ex

ex f ( x )
x2 1

. e x f ( x )= 2 x e x f ( x )= 2 x
:
x 1
ex x
ex f ( x )
1
e
. lim 2
lim
=
=
x 1 x 1
x 1 ( x 1)( x + 1)
2
x
x
e x (1 x + 1) 2 x
x 1 e ( x 1) e

.=
e x f ( x )= 2 x
f ( x ) =
=
=
2x
2x
x
x
e
e
e
e

: , .
3 : 2008
p
0 < p < 1. ( ) , ( )

{ p 1, p, p + 1, p , p }.
2

( ) =p 2 , ( ) = p ( ) = p 3

. ( )= p 3 p 2 + p.
. ( ) > ( ) .
:
.

( ) ( ) ( )

,
( ) ( ) ( ) (1)
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

36

0 < p < 1, p 1 < 0 p + 1 > 1.

p 1 p + 1 (2).
p >0

p >0

0 < p < 1 0 < p 2 < p 0 < p3 < p 2

p 3 < p 2 < p (3).

(1), (2) (3) :

( ) = p 3 , ( ) =p 2 ( ) = p.
.

( ) = ( ) + ( ) ( )
( ) = ( ) ( ) + ( )
( )= p 3 p 2 + p

( ) > ( )
() ( ) > ( ) ( )
() > ( )

p3 p 2 + p > p 2
p3 2 p 2 + p > 0
p ( p 2 2 p + 1) > 0

p ( p 1) > 0 .
2

. :

>
>
>0

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

37

4 : 2008
50% , 30%
.
. , ,
;
. : ,

1
7
P ( )
5
10
1
. : f ( x ) = x3 x 2 + P ( ) x , x
2
.
.
:

7
10
P ( ) = 0,3 : P ( ) P ( =
) 0,3

. : P ( ) P ( ) P ( )

1
5
1
P ( ) P ( ) P ( )
5
=
2
0,5 P ( ) = 0,3 P (
) 0,=

. f ( x )= 3 x 2 x + P ( )
f = 1 12 P ( )

12
12
1
P ( ) 12 P ( ) 1 12 P ( ) 1
5
5
5
7
1 12 P ( ) < 0 . < 0 , f ( x ) > 0 x ,
5
f f
.
:
< 0 .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

38

2o : 2009
xi , i = 1, 2,3, 4 X
i , i = 1, 2,3, 4 . 2

x2 = 3 .
x = 4.
i
6
;
3
4

xi
2
3
5
8
. 2 = 7 .
:

12 + 3 2 + 15 + 32
x =
=
4
4
6 + 2 + 3 + 4
59 + 3 2

=4 59 + 3 2 =4 (13 + 2 ) 2 =7
13 + 2
:

= = , ( 0 )

3 : 2009
f ( x ) = x 3 6 x 2 + x 7 , ,
2 f ( x ) + f ( x ) + 15 =
3x 2 , x .
. f ,
y = 3 x .
:
( x0 , f ( x0 ) ) C f . C f x0
y = 3 x , :
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

39

f ( x0 ) =3 3 x02 12 x0 + 12 =0 3 ( x02 4 x0 + 4 ) =0
3 ( x0 2 ) =
0
2

( x0 2 ) = 0 x0 2 = 0 x0 = 2 , f ( 2 ) = 5
2

:
y f ( 2 ) =f ( 2 )( x 2 ) y =
3 x + 1 .
:
: = 0 = 0 = 0
: 2 0 , , ( = 0 )
4 : 2009
x
.. f ( x )= ln x + 2 6 + 2 , x > 0 ,
2
. f
f .

:
f
1 1
( 0, + ) f ( x )=
.
x 2
1 1
1 1
f ( x) = 0 = 0 = x = 2 .
x 2
x 2
f f ( x ) > 0 .
f ( x) > 0

1 1
1 1
1 1
>0 > > x<2
x 2
x 2
x 2

:
:

= =

: > > 0
: , , <
. , .
, 1
, 5

>

2013-2014

40

4 : 2009
. f ( 2 ) , f ( 4 ) , f ( 8 ) , f ( 3) f ( 5 )
X .
. R , :
1
R= 3 + ln = ln 4 + 2 6 .
4
:
: 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 < 8 f
[ 2, + ) . : f (8) < f ( 5) < f ( 4 ) < f ( 3) < f ( 2 ) .
1

4
= f ( 4 ) = ln 4 + 2 6
:
: f
, x1 , x2

R =
f ( 2 ) f (8) =
3 + ln

x1 < x2 : f ( x1 ) > f ( x2 ) .

4 : 2009
B.. ={1, 2,3,...,100}
. ,
= { / R + < 2} .
:

R = f ( 2 ) f ( 8 ) = 2 6 + 3 < 2 2 6 + 5 < 0 ( 1)( 5 ) < 0

(1,5 )
:
: . x 2 + x + , 0
, > 0 x
.

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

41

2 : 2011
, .
1
. P ( ) = ,
4
7
P ( ) =4 2 P ( ) =5 +
4
. N ( )

64 < N ( ) < 72 ,
1. N ( ) =68
:
( ) , ( ) , ( ) ,

1
. P ( ) = :
4
( ) 1
= () = 4 ( )
() 4
64 < N ( ) < 72 16 < ( ) < 18 ( ) =17
( ) . ( ) = 4 17 = 68
2 : 2011
( 0C)

t 4 t + ,
24 ( t ) =

t ( 0, 24] .
1. t ( 0, 4] t ( 4, 24]
.
2. ,
24 -10C.
3. = 3 00C.
4. lim
t 4

' (t )
t 2 16

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

42

:
t =x

3. ( t ) = 0 t 4 t + 3 = 0 x 2 4 x + 3 = 0 x = 1 x = 3

x =1 t =1 t =1

x = 3 t = 3t = 9

: :

t = x,

x.

t 2
t 2
t +2
' (t )
t 2
t
lim
lim
lim
=
=
=
=
4. lim
t 4 t 2 16
t 4 t 2 16
t 4
t ( t 2 16 ) t 4 t ( t 4 )( t + 4 ) t + 2

= lim
t 4

)(

(t 4)
1
1
= lim
=
t 4
64
t ( t 4 )( t + 4 ) t + 2
t (t + 4) t + 2

: , , .

: 2012
.
3 ,

3
+1
+2
2
+1

+1
2 +1

2
lim

x 1

x2 + 3 2
x +x
2

).

1.
.

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

43

)(

2 x2 + 3 2
2 x2 + 3 2
x2 + 3 + 2
2 ( x 2 1)
lim
lim
=
= lim
=
x 1
x 1
x 1
2
2
x2 + x
x
x
x
x ( x + 1) x 2 + 3 + 2
+
+
+
3
2
(
)

2 ( x 1)( x + 1)
2 ( x 1)
= lim
= 1
x 1
x ( x + 1) x 2 + 3 + 2 x 1 x x 2 + 3 + 2

= lim

:
: ,
: ii)

10
=
5 1

10

5 +1

)(

5 1

5 +1

: 2012
.
3 ,

3
2 +1
+2
2
+1

+1
2 +1

2
lim

x 1

x2 + 3 2
x +x
2

).

1.
.
2. = 3 .
:
:
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

44

P ( =
) P ( ) + P ( ) P ( ) =1
1=

+ 2 +1
3

+ 2
+
2
+1 +1 2 +1

3
+ 2 +1
3
+ 2
+ 2
2 + 1 = 3 + 1 2 3 = 0 ( 3) = 0 = 3
2
+1 +1 +1

:
:

= = , ( 0 )

: = 0 = 0 = 0 .
4 : 2012
32,
.
:

:
P ( =
)

N ( I ) 4
4
32
4

=
N ( =
) 80
10
N ()
10
N ( ) 10

:
:

= = , ( 0 )

: 2012

1 + ln 2 x
f ( x ) =
, x>0
x
1 . f .
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

45

:
f
x > 0 , f ( x )

( ln x 1)
=

x2
( 0, + ) .

0 . f

:
: , < 0

<0

2 : 2012
( x, f ( x ) ) , x > 0 f .
yy Ox ( x, 0 )
xx Oy
( 0, f ( x ) ) . O ,
,
.
:
( x ) =
xf ( x ) =
1 + ln 2 x , x > 0
E ( x ) =

2 ln x
x

E ( x ) = 0

2 ln x
= 0 x =1
x

2 ln x
> 0 x > 1 . f
x
(1, + ) .
E ( x ) > 0

2 ln x
< 0 x < 1 . f
x
( 0,1) .
E ( x ) < 0

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

46

f x = 1 , f (1) = 1 .
.
:
: = 0 = 0 = 0 .

3 : 2012
:=
y x + , 10 ,
f (1, f (1) ) .

( xi , yi ) , i = 1, 2,...,10 , xi
x sx = 2 .
yi .
:
f (1) = 1 . = 1 .
: y = x + .
y = x + =10 + ,
s y =
1 sx ==
sx 2
CV=
y

sy
=
y

2
.
10 +

CVy

1
10

1
2
1

20 10 + 20 10 + 10 + 20
10
10 + 10
10 + 20 .
CVy

30 10
:
: > 0 , : > a >
x0 > 0 , : x x0 > x < x0 x > x0 +
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

47

4 : 2012

, ,

f ( P ( )) + f ( P ( )) 2 f ( P ( ))
:
.
0 < P ( ) 1 0 < P ( ) 1 .
P ( ) P ( )
f
f ( P ( ) ) f ( P ( ) ) (1)
P ( ) P ( ) ,

f ( P ( ) ) f ( P ( ) ) (2)

(1) , ( 2 ) :
f ( P ( )) + f ( P ( )) 2 f ( P ( ))
:
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2
: f ( x1 ) > f ( x2 )

: > > + > +

2 : 2013
={1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } A = {1 , 4 } ={1 , 3 } P (1 ) =
P (3 ) =

1
1
3
: P ( A )
3
3
4

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

48

:
: A = {2 , 3 } ={3 } ={2 , 3 , 4 } . :

( ) ( )

1
( )
3

( ) ( ) ( ) = 1 (1 ) =
( )

3
.
4

3
.
4

:
:
A B P ( A) P ( B )

3 : 2014
( xi , yi ) , i = 1, 2,...,15 .
:
= {i ( xi , yi ) , i = 1, 2,...,15 , yi > 4 xi + 9 R + 1} , R
yi = ( xi ) , i = 1, 2,...,15 , 5 = x1 < x2 < ... < x14 < x15 = 9
( x) =
x 2 + 10 x + 100 , x ( 0,10 ) .
:
1 E [5,10 ) .
: 5 = x1 < x2 < ... < x14 < x15 = 9 , :
E ( 5 ) > E ( x2 ) > ... > E ( x14 ) > E ( 9 ) .
=
R E ( 5 ) E ( 9 ) =16.

yi > 4 xi + 9 R + 1 xi2 + 14 xi 45 > 0 xi ( 5,9 ) .

:
: f
, x1 , x2 x1 < x2 : f ( x1 ) > f ( x2 ) .
. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014

49

:
x 2 + x + , 0 , ,
> 0 x .

. , .
, 1
, 5

2013-2014