Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Weirs & Barrages PDF
Weirs & Barrages PDF
EVOLUTION OF
DESIGN OF
BARRAGES IN
INDUS PLAINS
DR. IZHAR-UL-HAQ and
RIAZ NAZIR TARAR
Tanusa Barrage
Jinnah Barrage
Purpose of a Barrage:
Where the angle between headwork axis and the river axis,
exceeds 100 the problem arises from concentration of flow on one
side and island formation (due to heavy silting) within the guide
banks on the other side as has happened in case of Islam, Sidhnai
and Balloki barrages in Pakistan
Layout of a barrage:
If the river axis is to the right of the headwork axis, the concentration of the
flow is generally on the left side with the consequent tendency to form an
island on the right and vice versa.
Typical cross section of Larssen steel sheet pile (Fig 3.3, Iqbal Ali)
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
Sheet Piles
Barrage profile
H
H
A O
B D E G I K L N
C F J M
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
From the functional point of view the sheet piles are
classified into three types.
i) u/s sheet piles are situated at the u/s end of the u/s
concrete floor. These piles are driven deep into the soil
beyond maximum possible scour that may occur. The
main functions are
To protect barrage structure from scour
To reduce uplift pressure on the barrage floor and
To hold the sand compacted and densified between two sheet
piles in order to increase the bearing capacity when the barrage
floor is designed as a raft e.g. Qadirabad and Chashma
barrages are the examples
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
ii) Intermediate Sheet Piles
are situated at the end of U/S and D/S glacis. These serves as
second line of defence.
For in the events of U/S or D/S sheet piles collapsing due to
advancing scouring or undermining, then these sheet piles give
protection to the main body of the barrage.
The intermediate sheet piles also help to lengthen the path of
seepage and hence reducing the uplift pressure.
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
iii) D/s Sheet Piles
are placed at the end of the d/s concrete floor and their main function is to
check the exit gradient. The depth should be greater than the maximum
possible scour.
Inverted Filter:
An inverted filter is provided between the d/s sheet piles and the flexible
protection. It would typically consist of 6" sand, 9 coarse sand and 9 gravel.
The filter material may vary with the size of the particles forming the river bed.
It is protected by the concrete blocks placed over of sufficient weight and size
(4 x 2.75 x 4 as used in Kalabagh barrage).
The main function is to check the escape of fine soil particles in the seepage
water
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
Silts (Jhiries):
are left between the blocks to allow water to escape.
The slits are filled with sand. The length of the filter should be 2 x d/s depth
of the sheet piles.
Its primary function is to check the escape of fine soil particles in
the seepage water.
The main function is to draw water by the formation a deep channel in lower
river flow and
Secondly, to help control the flow of silt into the canal by reducing the water
velocity by the formation of deep channel in front of the canal.
Accumulated silt can be washed away easily by opening the under sluice
gates to high velocity currents generated by lower crest levels or a high
differential head.
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
Divide Wall:
The divide wall separates under sluice bays from the normal bays.
Its length on the U/S side has to be sufficient to keep the heavy turbulence at
the nose of the wall well away from the protection of the sluices.
Similarly, in the d/s side it should extend to cover the hydraulic jump and the
resulting turbulence.
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
Fish Ladder:
It is constructed along the divide wall.
In the fish ladder the optimum velocity is 6 to 8 ft/sec, that can be obtained
by creating a spatially varied flow as in the fish ladder as done in Marala,
Qadirabad and Chashma barrages.
COMPONENTS OF A BARRAGE:
Guide Banks:
Guide banks are earthen embankment with stone
pitching to guide the river through the barrage.
These river training works are provided for rivers
flowing in plains, upstream and down stream of the
hydraulic structures.
Marginal Bunds:
Marginal Bunds are flood embankments in
continuation of the guide banks designed to
contain the floods within the flood plain of the river.
Hydraulic gradient = H/LWhere 'L' is the
distance travelled by a particle.