(35 + 13)

3 5 + 1 3 = 4 8
35 + 13 = (30 + 5) + (10 + 3) = (30 + 10) + (5 + 3) = 40 + 8 = 48
: 35 + 13 = 35 + (10 + 3) = (35 + 10) + 3 = 45 + 3 = 48
:
+ 10 +3
35 + 13 = 48
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
:

: 5 + 3 = 8, 3 + 1 = 4
8 35 4
. +13 .
48

:
24 + 12 = (20 + 4) + (10 + 2) = (20 + 10) + (4 + 2) = 30 + 6 = 36
24 + 12 = 24 + (10 + 2) = (24 + 10) + 2 = 34 + 2 = 36
42 63 82 54 35
+ 31 + 16 + 15 + 12 + 63
73 79 97 66 98

:
31 + 35, 46 + 42, 53 + 26, 61 + 28, 74 + 25
18 25 36 66 61
+ 21 + 24 + 23 + 22 + 54

16

(26 + 14)

2 6 + 1 4 = 3 10 = 3 1 = 4
26 + 14 = (20 + 6) + (10 + 4) = (20 + 10) + (6 + 4) = 30 + 10 = 40
: 26 + (10 + 4) = (26 + 10) + 4 = 36 + 4 = 40
:
+ 10 +4
26 + 14 = 40
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
:


: 6 + 4 = 10, 1 0, 1
2 + 1 = 3
0 26 1 4
. +14 .
40

:
37 + 23 = (30 + 7) + (20 + 3) = (30 + 20) + (7 + 3) = 50 + 10 = 60
37 + 23 = 37 + (20 + 3) = (37 + 20) + 3 = 57 + 3 = 60
1 1 1 1 1
46 13 28 55 72
+ 34 + 47 + 42 + 25 + 18
80 60 70 80 90

:
44 + 36, 25 + 75, 62 + 28, 57 + 43
18 25 61 37 59
+ 22 + 35 + 29 + 63 + 21

17

(38 + 7)

38 + 7 = 38 + (2 + 5) = (38 + 2) + 5 = 40 + 5 = 45
:
+7
+2 +5
(38 + 2) + 5 = 40 + 5 = 45
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
:


1
8 + 7 = 15, 5
15 = 1 5 38 1 3
+ 7 4.
45

:
29 + 5 = 29 + (1 + 4) = (29 + 1) + 4 = 30 + 4 = 34
78 + 3 = 78 + (2 + 1) = (78 + 2) + 1 = 80 + 1 = 81
1 1 1 1 1
25 46 33 48 69
+ 7 + 9 +8 + 9 +8
32 55 41 57 77

: 35 + 6 = 35 + (5 +1), 44 + 8, 66 + 9
18 25 23 49 56
+ 4 + 7 + 9 + 5 + 7

1. :
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
18

(27 + 18)

2 7 + 1 8 = 4 5
27 + 18 = (20 + 7) + (10 + 8) = (20 + 10) + (7 + 8) = 30 + 15 = 45
: 27 + 18 = 27 + (10 + 8) = (27 + 10) + 8 = 37 + 8 = 45
:
+ 18 27 + 18 = 45
+ 10 +8

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
:

: 1
1
8 + 7 = 15, 1 5 : 1 + 2 + 1 = 4
5 27 4
. +18 .
45

:
16 + 35 = (10 + 6) + (30 + 5) = (10 + 30) + (6 + 5) = 40 + 11 = 51
16 + 35 = 16 + (30 + 5) = (16 + 30) + 5 = 46 + 5 = 51
1 1 1 1 1
23 45 37 66 78
+ 28 + 16 + 45 + 27 + 14
51 61 82 93 92

:
39 + 47, 52 + 19, 44 + 18, 73 + 18, 28 + 35
18 75 49 67
+ 23 + 18 + 33 + 29

19

(38 23)

3 8 2 3 = 1 5
38 23 = 38 (20 + 3) = (38 20) 3 = 18 3 = 15
: 38 23 = (30 20) + (8 3) = 10 + 5 = 15
:
38 23 = 15
3 20

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
:

: 8 3 = 5 3 2 = 1
38 1
5
. 23 .
15

:
28 16 = 28 (10 + 6) = (28 10) 6 = 18 6 = 12
46 21 = 46 (20 + 1) = (46 20) 1 = 26 1 = 25

35 66 75 99 87
12 32 63 74 26
23 34 12 25 61

:
53 31, 47 12, 68 12, 94 63, 68 27
72 89 74 55 97
51 28 61 24 66

20

(40 3)

4 3 = 37
40 3 = (30 + 10) 3 = 30 + (10 3) = 30 + 7 = 37
:
3
40 3 = 37
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
:
0
3. 1 4
3 10
1 0 3 3,
10 3 = 7 40 .
. 3
37

:
50 5 = (40 + 10) 5 = 40 + (10 5) = 40 + 5 = 45
100 6 = (90 + 10) 6 = 90 + (10 6) = 90 + 4 = 94
1 10 7 10 5 10 8 10 9 10
20 80 60 90 100
1 8 4 2 5
19 72 56 88 95

:
20 7, 40 8, 60 9, 80 1, 100 9
20 50 80 90 100
8 7 6 9 4

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
21

(45 7)

4 5 7 = 38
45 7 = 45 (5 + 2) = (45 5 ) 2 = 40 2 = 38
o:
7
2 5
45 7 = 38
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
:
5
7. 1 4
3 15
. : 3,
15 7 = 8. 45 .
. 7
38

:
52 6 = 52 (2 + 4) = (52 2 ) 4 = 50 4 = 46
63 9 = 63 (3 + 6) = (63 3 ) 6 = 60 6 = 54
1 14 8 13 6 14 5 11 7 13
24 93 74 61 83
6 8 7 5 9
18 85 67 56 74

:
31 8, 42 5, 81 9, 93 8, 65 7
41 52 31 77 63
8 5 9 9 6

1. :

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93
22

(34 16)

34 1 6 = 18
34 16 = 34 (10 + 6) = (34 10) 6 = 24 6 = 18
?
16
6 10

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
:
4 3
6, 1 - 2 14 2, 2 1 = 1
,
14 6 = 8 8 . 34 1
16 .
18

:
25 18 = 25 (10 + 8) = (25 10 ) 8 = 15 8 = 7
63 45 = 63 (40 + 5) = (63 40) 5 = 23 5 = 18

3 13 5 12 6 14 8 15 4 16
43 62 74 95 56
15 27 26 66 38
28 35 48 29 14

:
22 19, 37 28, 55 18, 61 28, 84 66

36 47 93 84 85
19 18 76 47 26

23
 :
)
35 + 13 = (30 + 5) + (10 + 3) = (30 + 10) + (5 + 3) = 40 + 8 = 48
35
35 + 13 = 35 + (10 + 3) = (35 + 10) + 3 = 45 + 3 = 48 + 13
+ 10 +3 48

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

26 + 14 = (20 + 6) + (10 + 4) = (20 + 10) + (6 + 4) = 30 + 10 = 40

1
26 + 14 = 26 + (10 + 4) = (26 + 10) + 4 = 36 + 4 = 40
26
+ 10 +4 + 14
40
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

38 + 7 = 38 + (2 + 5) = (38 + 2) + 5 = 40 + 5 = 45 1
+2 +5 38
+ 7
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 45

27 + 18 = (20 + 7) + (10 + 18) = (20 + 10) + (7 + 8) = 30 + 15 = 45 1

27
27 + 18 = 27 + (10 + 8) = (27 +10) + 8 = 37 + 8 = 45 + 18
+ 10 +8 45

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

)
38 23 = (30 + 8) (20 + 3) = (30 20) + (8 3) = 10 + 5 = 15 38
23
38 23 = 38 (20 + 3) = (38 20) 3 = 18 3 = 15
15
3 20

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

40 3 = (30 + 10) 3 = 30 + (10 3) = 30 + 7 = 37

3 40
3
27
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

45 7 = 45 (5 + 2) = (45 5 ) 2 = 40 2 = 38 45
2 5 7
38
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

34 16 = 34 (10 + 6) = (34 10) 6 = 24 6 = 18 34

6 10 16
18
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
24


? .

50 + 10 = 60 10 + 50 = 60
3+4=7 20 + 30 = 50

0 10 20 30 10 50 23 + 17 = 40 17 + 23 = 40
4+3=7 30 + 20 = 50

4 5 .
:

. .
4+5=9 5+4=9
, .
,
15 18 .

. 14, 17 .
:
) - ) -

14 + 17 = 31 17 + 14 = 31
, .
, -
48 , 39.
, .

4 56
: 4 + 56 56 + 4.
.
.

25


2 , 3 4 .

2 + (3 + 4) = 2 + 7 = 9
(2 + 3) + 4 = 5 + 4 = 9
2 + (4 + 3) = 2 + 7 = 9
,
.
(2 + 4) + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9

50, 20 10 .
:

(50 + 20) + 10 = 70 + 10 = 80 50 + (20 + 10) = 50 + 30 = 80

, -
.

(50 + 20) + 10 = 70 + 10 = 80
20 10
5 .

17, 18 13, :
(17 + 18) + 13 = 35 + 13 = 48, 17 + (18 + 13) = 17 + 31 = 48,
(17 + 13) + 18 = 30 + 18 = 48.
17, 18 13 ,
.
.
.

:
1) 15 + 25 + 14, 2) 34 + 11 + 19, 3) 13 + 49 + 27
4) 53 + 18 + 7, 5) 42 + 28 + 9, 6) 16 + 27 + 3.

26
 /

100 : 25 , 30 , .
?

100 25 = 75.
,
75 30 = 45
.

!
-
:
100 (25 + 30) = 100 55 = 45.

, ,

:
1) 80 (45 + 15), 2) 75 (11 + 13), 3) 64 (33 + 18), 4) 91 (18 + 57), 5) 54 (27 + 19).

o 24 : 7 , 6 ,
. ?

. 40 .
30 5 . ?


40 30 = 10.

10 + 5 = 15.
!


40 (30 5) = 40 25 = 1.
, ,
!

:
1) 90 (50 30), 2) 88 (55 14), 3) 79 (41 13), 4) 82 (92 75), 5) 58 (71 32).
27
 /

15 20 . 5 .
?

( )
15 + 20 = 35.
,
35 5 = 30.

(15 + 20) 5 = 35 5 = 30.
,
!

:
1) (34 + 51) 42, 2) (27 + 49) 33, 3) (51 + 13) 29, 4) (74 + 18) 63, 5) (28 + 37) 47.

25 30 . 10 . -
?

20 5 , . 5 -
. ?

( )
20 5 = 15.

15 5 = 10.

(20 5) 5 = 15 5 = 10.
, -
!

:
1) (59 18) 21, 2) (87 45) 18, 3) (62 22) 16, 4) (91 17) 58, 5) (52 27) 19.

30 10 , .
10 . ?

28
 /

II2 13 15 . 14 -
II4. ?
II2
13 + 15 = 28,
II4

28 + 14 = 42.

(13 + 15) + 14 = 28 + 14 = 42.
, !

:
1) (21 + 23) + 34, 2) (48 + 9) + 13, 3) (17 + 27) + 7, 4) (21 + 37) + 15, 5) (49 + 27) + 18.

II1 16 14 . 12
II3. ?

II3 27 . 14. II3 7

. ?
e
II3
27 14 = 13,

13 + 7 = 20.

(27 14) + 7 = 13 + 7 = 20.

,
!

:
1) (56 14) + 22, 2) (71 34) + 15, 3) (22 13) + 51, 4) (91 76) + 47, 5) (40 18) + 49.

II4 29 . 15. II4 -

6 . ?

29


6 . 20 .
?

.

.
6+ = 20

: a, b,
c..., x, y. :
6 + x = 20.
.

. 16 ,
34. ?
-

.
a 16 = 34

100 .
25 . ?


.
100 b = 25
b.

:
) 28 + = 78, ) c + 19 = 77, ) 18 = 52, ) 99 = 50, ) 45 b = 13.

30


20, 30 50.
30 x.

20 + 30 = 50 20 + 30 = 50 20 + = 50 20 + X = 50

50 20 = 30 50 20 = 30 50 20 = 50 20 = X

(20 + x = 50) .
, :

20 + 30 = 50 20 + X = 50

50 20 = 30 50 20 = X



:

.
, a e , .
6 . 20 .
?
:

6 X
X .
6
6+x -
.
20 6 + x = 20 20.
- ( - 6 + x = 20
) x = 20 6

! ()
( ). x = 14

.
: 6 + 14 = 14 + 6 = 10 + (4 + 6) = 10 + 10 = 20

1. :
) x + 56 = 89, ) 23 + x = 80, ) 45 + a = 71, ) 15 + x = 31, ) 23 + x = 72.
2. 54 , 98. ?
31


10, 60
70. 70 x.

70 10 = 60 70 10 = 60 10 = 60 X 10 = 60

60 + 10 = 70 60 + 10 = 70 60 + 10 = 60 + 10 = X

, :

70 10 = 60 X 10 = 60

60 + 10 = 70 60 + 10 = X



:
.
d 55 = 13.
d 55 = 13 , d.
d = 13 + 55 .
d = 68 68.
: 68 55 = (68 50) 5 = 18 5 = 13

. 16 34. -
? -
:

-
a
.
, -
16
16.
16 = 34 34.
( ) - 16 = 34
() - = 34 + 16
().
: 50 16 = (50 10) 6 = 40 6 = 34 = 50

1. :
) x 11 = 13, ) x 18 = 41, ) a 37= 43, ) b 58 = 19, ) g 49 = 48.
2. 28, 33. -
.
32