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Short Case Fine Country Fruit Cakes
Short Case Fine Country Fruit Cakes
September 1994 was a year to remember for Jean and Dave Fulbright! Their
twin sons, Michael and Alan, then five years old, started school, and in the
same month, Dave, a 29-year-old master baker at a large bakery, was made
redundant. Jean, who had a part-time secretarial job with a local builder, saw
this misfortune to be an unrepeatable opportunity. They had always wanted to
work together, and it seemed to be a good chance to set up a small speciality
business, based on Daves skills and financed by his redundancy payments
plus a small loan.
Traditionally, small local baking and confectionery businesses produce a
wide range of breads, cakes, biscuits, etc., many on a daily basis. This
involves a very early start (4 am), high complexity and considerable risk. Dave
wanted a simpler business that would involve relatively normal hours of work,
for both himself and his wife. Neither wanted to be employers; the business
would be run by just the two of them. Dave felt that his greatest satisfaction
came from producing high-quality decorated fruit cakes, so together they
decided that there was an opportunity to specialize in this product. Using an
old family recipe, samples were made and packaged. Market research was
confined to taking these samples to various retail outlets in the area; the
reaction was so enthusiastic, and the potential margin seemed so high, that
by January 1993 they were in business. They rented a small modern factory
near home, modestly equipped with weighing and preparation equipment, a
large 15 kg food mixer, two small catering ovens, a small coolroom and
sundry utensils. Talking to a friend in spring 1997, Dave recalled:
I think we are chasing the wrong markets! The delicatessens demand big
discounts and are always expecting us to deliver at short notice, particularly
around Easter (March/April) and at Christmas (November/December) when
the cakes are apparently popular gifts. I have found that craft shops and
visitor centres of local tourist spots (such as castles and historic houses) can
also sell our 1 kg cakes and, moreover, they dont expect much discount! We
were really pleased with the level of orders from these outlets last summer,
but we dont hear from them much during the winter. I really should go and
take some more samples! I also feel we should open a factory shop where
regular users could come and buy directly, but I am sure we would need to
provide a bigger range of cakes. We could develop lots of different types in
the two sizes then we would get a lot more repeat business!
Production
Preparation
Baking
The ovens are turned on at 8.00 am and are ready by 8.30 when the first
batch is loaded (which only takes a few minutes). A 10 kg batch of cakes fills
one oven; baking time is three hours for the 1 kg cakes, four and a half hours
for 2 kg cakes. When ready, the cakes are removed from the hot oven, which
is ready for a further batch in a quarter of an hour. For convenience, Dave has
always baked the 1 kg cakes in the oldest oven (Oven 1) to avoid having to
carry 10 tins to Oven 2 which is further from the workbench. Each oven
normally bakes only two batches per day. Dave thinks that the temperature
control on Oven 1 is inaccurate which would be a particular problem for the
larger size cakes!
Packing
Cakes are turned out onto racks to cool overnight. The next day, once the first
batches are in the oven, the previous days cakes are inspected, packed in a
film, a decorative ribbon and an outer-wrap, and then labelled and dated.
Packed cakes are then carried to the coolroom and stacked according to size.
These processes take two people six minutes per cake (either size). The
couple take one hour for lunch from 12.30 to 1.30 pm (when Oven 2 is ready
to unload).
Planning
The only times in 1996 that we changed production were in March, April,
November and December when we increased 2 kg output only by 50 per cent
(one extra batch per day). I had to bake the 2 kg cakes in Oven 1 and the
quality wasnt really so good, but none of our regular customers noticed! Even
so, I had to work into the evenings all those months; it was a lot of work. All
other months we have kept to the plan of two batches of each size each day
(1 kg, followed by 2 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg) which helps us keep to a rhythm.
Sales
Records were kept of monthly sales of each size during 1996 (Table 11.3). On
1st January 1996 there was an opening stock of 100 of each size of cake.
Dave commented:
I am worried that we wont be able to cope with demand in 1997, and that we
will start giving bad service. Perhaps we should drop the idea of selling to the
tourist spots, although the margins are very attractive. Clearly, we musnt
upset the retailers who give us so much business.
Table: Company records of sales 1995/96 and forecast sales for 1997
5 6
Jan Fe Mar Ap Ma Ju Jul Au Se Oct Nov Dec Total (Forecast
b r y n g p )
1 kg cakes 900 80 200 600 320 120 80 120 80 240 480 800 1600 4720 6000
2 kg cakes 1950 160 340 300 240 140 160 240 160 180 260 300 400 2880 3500
Total (kg) 4800 400 880 1200 800 400 400 600 400 600 1000 1400 2400 10480 13000
Questions
1 With the current method of working, what is the monthly and annual
capacity of the business? Is the total weight (kg) of product a useful
aggregate measure of capacity for this business? How does capacity
compare with demand in 1996 and forecast demand in 1997?
2 Why did Dave have to sell stock at reduced prices in 1996? In which
months do you think that happened, and explain clearly the reasons?
Justify your answer with simple calculations.
3 Jean believes that they should try to get more business from craft shops
and tourist centres. What advantages/disadvantages would this market
have compared with the existing retail outlets?
4 What are the main differences in operations tasks of running the proposed
retail shop? What are the implications of this for the owners?
5 What are the operational implications of making 10 varieties of cake, each
in two sizes?