UDK: 371.67(075):159.922.

72
f l p e ~ x o caonm.rcfie
~~~o
R ~ H M J 16.~ ~IX
H 2002.
:
BIBLID: 0553-4569,48 (2002), 9-10, p 709-734

YIJ~~HM KaO
K ,M3BOP 3HaWa CI KaO CPeRCTBO 3a npeHOLUeWe 3HaFba, Ca Cne-
MS H M Mc a n p x a j a ~ anoce6ao
~ I . I + M I I H O M ~ ~ O > K ~ HHH~ Y , je MHTepecaHTaH 3a nenaro-
1LIKy HayKy jep je yBeK HMaO (I4 j0LU yBeK H M ~BenllKy ) IleRarOUIKy BpeRHOCT, Gano
na Ce IIOCMaTpa KaO CpenCTBO y CHCTeMy HaCTaBHe K O M ~ H I ~ K AnH ~ ~ IKaO
~ J KKMra
~
ca C H ~ X H M MBacnwrHaM y ~ s q a j Ha e ~m a n e r e ~ e p a q ~ j e .
YIJ~~HM npC,QCTaBJba
K Ba>KaH YMHHJIaQ y @opM~paELyMHOrOCTpaHO pa3BA-
j e ~ ennqaocTa. OH y j e ~ BPLLIH~ o nonmaneHTHy @ y ~ ~ q 1 4noMarana jy onTaManHor
MHTeneKTyaJIHOr pa3~0jaY'leHMKa, HaKO je y IIpOLLUIOCTM 6An0 H OIIpeLIH14XMM-
rumena o n o ~ p e 6 a3a Y I J ~ ~ H M K OyonmTe,
M Kao r u ~ oaMaMo y C H C T ~ M QY pe~ea.
H ~ a j y k uy sany ~ O ~ ~ T C TnaTaKa
B O ~ o j ce
a o ~ s a p a j yKaAa
, je perr o npoy-
rIaBaBy A HCTpaXHBaby y o ~ J I ~ c T Apa3JIMWiTMX @ y H ~ q q aK O ~ CylJ6eH1.1~ MO>Ke
l4MaTl.r y B ~ C ~ K ~ H O - O ~ ~ ~ ~ OCHCTeMY,
B H O M ayTOp je naXr-6y YCMepHO Ha IIOTeHIJM-
j a n a ~y~n11ajcanp>~ajaocHoBHolrrKoncKMx y u 6 e ~ ~ n~a a$ e ra c ~ a p a j e rmKon-
CKOr Y3paCTa Ha aHraXOBa%e AHTeneKTyaJIHOr pa3~0jayKIeHMKa.
Y qamy ~ e o p a j c ~ pacseTn,asa%a
or n p o 6 n e ~ a~ c ~ p a x a s aayTop
~ a , saxsa-
pa3naTraranonpyrrja 6 n a c ~ a xHaylta (@snoso+aje, ncaxonoraje 14 nenaror~je),
K0je ~ p e 6 aQa QOIlpAHeCy ,4a Ce Ha j e f l a ~o ~ ~ ~ K T I A~ CMCTeMaTaWlH
B ~ H HasHH OnH-
LlIy 3Ha~aj YnOra ylJ6eHkIKa y MHTeJIeKTyanHOM pa3~0jyy.teHHKa, LUTO Jc, yje~H0,
IlOCJIJ'XPiJIO KaO OCHOBa ayT0py ga ~ 0 r y h y@yHKqlljy ~ J J ~ ~ H H KaO K ~ ,ki HHTeJIeK-
TyaJIHA p a 3 ~ 0 Jy11eHHKa, IIOCMaTpa y CBeTJly CaBpeMeHHX @I~JIO~O@CKHX, IICHXOJIO-
IIIKHX A nenaroulKAx ~ e o p ~ Kao j a a caapeMeanx ~ M ~ ~ K T H ~ I ~K eH oX p ~ XyMaHM- ja
cTMxrKeo p ~ j e ~ ~ a qcn~j pe a j a20. BeKa.
O B TeopeTcKa
~ ocHoBa je npyxana ~ o r y h ~ onpenemem oc~ 3a o ~ p e $ e a e
ne@~Hbi~Aje qeHTpanHAX I I O J M O B OBOr
~ p2lRa: Y ~ J ~ ~ HBHMHTeJleKTyaJIHM
K pa3~0j.
FIpeyse~aje n e + a ~ ~ q y~ uj a6 e ~ ~~ o~j je ya nao E o r o ~ y 6I T p o ~ ~ Ki iO, ~ HacTwe na
je y r ~ 6 e ~"...m ~caMo j e ~ a aon a s ~ o p as ~ a n...an o ~ o h y~ o j e ce,
r c~aqyhm3 ~ a ~ e ,
pa3B~jajyCIIOCO~HOCTH YIeHHKa, nOL1eBO n CeH30PHMX Ei IlPaKTkIYHRX n 0 ki3pa~aj-
HMX M MeHTaJIHAX, KaO HZIJBHIIIAX QOMeTa JbYRCKOr JJyxa" (np0Kah 1982 : 7). HH-
TeneKTyanHa p a 3 ~ oje j n e @ ~ ~ anpeMa
c a ~ cxBaTany P y G a ~ r n ~ a j~~0aj l, . ra i se3yje
3a IIC14XMKlKA IIpOUeC yCn0CTaBJLaba @ Y H K ~ H O H ~ J I H MBC3a X M ~ M ~ $YHYTpaUIbIIX
Y
ycnosa, a TO cy aHTeneKTyantle onepaqaje ( n o c ~ a ~ p a nynopelpinane,
e, aaana~a,
cawresa, wjso$ene cynosa a 3a~myc1a~a) a assopa sHaBa Kao cnomarutbax y,jpo-
Ka (yrj6eaa~)( P y G a ~ r u ~1981
a j ~ : 19,21).
nocne acTnqaba npenMeTa, n p o 6 n e ~ a ,q a h a a sajJaTaKa acTpa>Kanana,

C ~ a q a n e3 ~ a n rrpeKo
a y1,16e~a~a, rcao a nerosa ynora y kiarrenemyanHoM
passojy yqeHeKa, aMa cnojy ~ e o p ~ j nonnory c ~ y y +kinoso+ajn, ncmxonoraj~a ne-
~aroraja.
@anosoCt)c~<o p a 3 ~ a ~ p a sb ~e a b ~a c n a ~ yorrruTy
je noralrKy c ~ p y ~ ~ m y ap-y
&a ~ p o 3pa3nmra~e@anoso+c~enpasqe. J e n a ~on KMX je p a q 1 4 0 ~ a n a 3 a143 ~ , KO-
jer ce passao ne,qarouIKki npaeaq - ~ ~ ~ e n e ~ ~ y aa n~ ao sj as a~x ,~ e s ac ~ a q a f i c
w a b a ca A C K ~ ~ ~ I ~ oBpOa Mj e ~ ~ a q a~a j opassajaffie
~ a m e n e m a , ys acKmyLrlzsabe
H O J ~ H B XH eMoqI?oHanaMx eneMeHaTa.
Kao KPMTHKa TpaAHql?OHaJIHeLSlKOne, a nOJl yTI4IJajeM CaBpeMeHMX @I4JI0-
SO+CKIIX CxBaTaBa, nojasfiyjy ce HOBPI nenarorrrKa npasqlt ( e r 3 a c ~ e ~ q ~ j a n a c ~ r . r s -
Ka, nparMaTac'rmriKa a C t ) e ~ o ~ e ~ o n one~aroraja),
ru~a ~ o j cy,
a y3 jom HeKe neAa-
roruKe npaeqe, 6ana ocHona sa cTsapabe noKpeTa HOB^" urrsona, ~ o j je a HacTao
~ p a j 19. e ~I4 nOYeTKoM 20. BeKa.
C s a ~ mon HaseReHnx npanaqa HOB^" IrrKone y qeHTap MnTepecosaha ma-
nba ,qerre,o ~ ~ o Berose c ~ o CK~OI-IOCTM, aHTepecosana, n o ~ p e g e y, s p a c ~ e~ o r y h -
HOCTM, M T ~ K ORase. l-b~xosqMm je c p o p ~ a p a n e je,q~ec a ~ o p a s s a j e ~JlaxrHocTa
e
~ o j cea ~ p c f i enpasqeM cse o,rsopeaajer noc~ojaBa,y O K B M ~ Y~ o j e ce r jasha ~ a 3
rrpoMeHa ~ o j cy e y TOKY. 3 a Tamor nojega~qaK j e p ~ e r o pKaxe: " n o j e p i ~ a q~ o j a
TO j e c ~ e c, ~ a n je~ yo npoqecy ~ a c ~ a j a (Kjerkegaard
~a" 1941: 79). Kpos npoqec Ha-
c'rajana qoeeK ~ a c ~ o,qa j aosnana c s o j o ~npapo,qHoM a npymTseHoM pean~omhy,
a na 614 TO IIOCTMraO, KOPHCTI4 Ce C B O ~ H Mpa3YMOM KOJM, 3a qOReKa !4 BeTOB YHY-
Tapna c n s ~ a j ~ ae x a ~ u ~s aa j ~Harura
e npyro ,qo anapaT 3a oflpetjmsane ~ S ~ J I H L I X
noAaTaKa (&yj 1934: 517). Y TOM npoqecy ~ a c ~ a j a nn oa s n a p s a n a c n o j a ~o ~ p y -
xeneM, YOBeK y w . J a ~ m ace "significant learning" ( s ~ a s a j ~CoY,~ I T M H C K Oylrebe).
IIo Polrepcy, TO ~ ~ycrene j e ~ o j Ae O B O J ~,qo HaroMmnaBaba 3 ~ a n aseii , yqeKe KO-
je npoxmMa nasaocT a npo,qnpe y c s a m flenah qoseKoBor n o c ~ o j a n a(Pouepc
1985: 216).
Yrpabyjyha y K O H L \ ~ I I ~ Iy~l JJ-6~e~~~ ~ KHeKa
a HaqeJla OBHX IIpaBaLp, Kao U T O
Cy eneMeHTM C ~ M O H H H ~ [ M ~ ~IIpo~kiMajyher T H B H O ~ , YYeba KojllM fie Ce Pa3BMTM
yqeHMsKe mHTeneKTyanHe mare, ~ o r y h je e RoBecTH ~o n p o ~ e r ~y anaciHocTa yye-
iicr~a,npoMeHa ~ o j Texe e + n e ~ c a 6 a n ~ o ca ~KPHTM~IHOCTM.
a n o ~ y u r a3a
j pasyMe-
BafieM C Y ~ ~ ~ K T L I BMHCOKY~CTBa Il~je~klHqa MOXe ~ H T MI I O M O ~IlpI? KOHIlllIlHpa%Y
yu6e~a~a.
 n c ~ x o n o u r ~acTpaxanaffia
a ce 6asapajy Ha Tpaxe%y ogroBopa Ha naTaBe
KaKo CC y MtIflMBMnyanHOM nCMXMtIKOM XMBO.I'Y @ O P M W3HaEbC, P~ K O J M Cy HaLIMHM
crartalta sHaIr,a M C ~ O C ~ ~ H OKao C TLILH I ~, ~ M Ha
H HK O ~ Mce noc~ojehasHaBa M cno-
C O ~ H ~ C T~Me f i a j y .
Teopmje KOrHMTHBHOr pa3130ja 3acHMRajy Ce Ha pa3JlMt1MTMM ~Mt)elhMMal7a-
s n o j ~ ~rlpollcca
or 13 Kao Tame HyRe p a s n ~ neRarorrrKe ~ ~ ~ ~ enepcneKTane. ITosehe-
MO ca B M $ ~ H ~ , ~oMj MYJTM
e I l a j a > ~ e o~~ ea o p ~ jI aT.~ j a x cje cMaTpao aa passoj m a
nomchy ynory, Aa je ~ o ~ ~ p o n ~ onwraM c a 1 - 1 ~ J I ~ M ~ I KcTpyKrrypaMa,
HM !la ce o ~ e ~ l j a
KP03 o ~ t p c i j e ~c ~e y n f i e ~aenpenas
, ca je~~rior. cTyn[-ha Ha RpyrM o ~ p c $ je e ~npoqc-
COM ypan130rre>Kc11,a Kao M jja KuanareT yTlet+,a3auaca on TlocrarayTor cTeneHa
pa3~0ja.~ ~ M B J I ~ ~ I H OOBe C T TeopMJe neXM y TBXIHOM 011pe~l.1~ilfiy MHTeJIeKTyaJIHMX
o n e p a q ~ j anpeMa ~ o j r m a~ p e 6 ayllpasslaTa npouec HacTase.
To na y ~ o ~ ~ e ny1.16e~a~a q ~ j y ~ p e 6 ayrpa$aea~ns a x ~ e n e~ o j m ce ~a
npaTe ~ ~ K O H I I T O C T M pa3noj~orIlpoqeca, ROAMTM paLlyHao OnJIMKaMa ~ o j noccny- e
je ~ e r ~MMmfieH,e,
~ j e o KO~HMTMRHMM AOCTMTH~~MM M BorpaHMLrenmMacsaKor cTa-
~ ~ j MlrTencKryanHor
y ~ a p a ~ o j aMrm.
,
M C ~ Y T MoRne M , ce c r a s h a saMepKa ancTpaKT1-locTfiI nojnta JlorrrirKHx C T ~ Y K -
Typa. Aa ~ M C M OKOHQMDMP2lJIM y1.16elim~npeMa pacnonoxMBMM JIOl'M'lKMM CTPYK-
TypaMa HerreTa,MH npe cnera MopaMo s ~ x r ~a o j noralIKa a cTpyKTypa je Ra>Kaa sa
o , q p e $ e ~Hacramti
~ rrpejp4e.r. A y ~ o py~6c1-1n~a l*eh{a r ~ ~ @ o p ~ a c (oknpMcyFrHo-
~jy
CTM HJIM ORCYCTBY JIOrMYKC CTpYKTYPe KOA ylIeHMKa, HBpOIIMTO aKO Ce Y3MY Y 06-
sap mTpaxMnafia ~ o j cy a n o ~ a s a n ana cy p a s n ~ s~ a~ ~~ a ~sa ~e~~o ej jce asrne~a-
no Ra 3axTeRajy HCTY JIOrMTIKYCTPYKTYPY, YTIeHWIJMRe~6albeMyCneIIIH0 M3BpIlla-
nanM tla ~ ~ ~ J I L I ~ I MyT3MpMa c ~ m ~Moxna a. y ~ I J ~ ~ H~ pM eK6 ay11eTM
~ s e > ~ 6 a h~ojm-
a
Ma Ce MHCMCTMpB Ha C M M ~ O J I T I M ~ ~MMlllhlbeH~YKOM ( O ~ ~ ~ H M pa3I'OBOpe ~ O B ~ ~ 0T KOH- H
KPCTHMM npejJMerrMMa6e3 npMcycTna Tmx npenMerra M cn.).
'Tparajyh~.3a opMraHanHMM npMcTynoM y r r e o p ~ iyqetba, ~ cnoj AonpMtroc
JJaOje M FpyHep KOJM Ce Mabe 6auao ~ M O ~ O I I I K M M 3aKOHHTOCTHMa M " T ~ ~ P I ~ ~ O M
KynrrypHor pasuoja". OH je xeneo na nporrabe s a j e j ~ ~ a sa ~ ye j yMJIm " ~ p n e ~ y
HMT" K O J ~Ce npOBJlalIM Kp03 CTpYKTYPY rpa)JHBa, a Koja MO>Ke n0Mohl.160~beMpa-
s y ~ e n a f i yacTor. Qa 6~ ce npoHaurna M yowna s a j e ~ ~ ~ 1 ~1 1~ ~e aj ~ao, p a j yce
YKJLysMTM 0flpebeH~MHTeJIeKTyaJIHM HanopH KOJM 38 IlOCJleflHqy MMaJy IIOC'reneH
pasncj ompetje~iaxc n o c o 6 ~ o c ~ ~ .
BMrmc~1.1 je c ~ a ~ p na a onpenNocT y paseojy nMxIHocTn ~ p e 6 na a MMa nony-
tranatr,e, jep cc caMo ~ p o npoqec s o 6 p a s o ~ a ~nopcTMcry
a M ~ s r p a b y j yyrrpano oHe
a y ~ ~ qa~c jr reo c o 6 ~ o c~~o~j ce e ~ ~ a n a ys e" s o ~ aHapenHor p m ~ o j a " .Y O K B M P ~
npoqeca o 6 p a 3 0 1 3 a ~Ba>KHO ~ Memo npMnaga c o q ~ j a n ~ m o ji ~ e p a ~ r \ ~UeTera
j14 14
OJlpaCJlOr. KOHKP~THO, Be3aHO 38 Ha111 Pa[[, 'TO 614 6 m a 3ajefll1M~KaaKTMRHOCT ae-
Terra M ojlpacnor (ayropa y u 6 e ~ ~rRe ~ aayrop
) y a 6 e ~ ~ nenyje
r ~ a Ha yxleHMKaMaKo
HMje IlOpefl I-Lera. HaMMe, flOJIa3M MHflHpeKTHOT CYCPeTa M ~ M C ~yIJ6eHMKa Y
( ~ a nponyKra
o ~ y n ~ y p Me )yseHMKa, ruTo , q o ~ go o ~arc.rneupana
~ H,erormx M H T ~ -
nersryanaax cnoco61~om1r.T L I Mcanpxaj ~ ~ I J ~ ~ Hn oMc ~ K a~j eo,qpe$yjyhcl @ a ~ ~ o p
ysCfiHKOBe MMCaOHe fleJIaTHOCTM.
M ~ e j eBarorrcKor cy nan~epa3panana Poroa, Bcnc m Byn (Rogof, Wells M
Wood), anIt H C K I ~TeopeTaclapM,~ a LUTO o je Mon, c ~ a ~ p a,qa j y OHM HMCY BeTafiHM-
je paspajt~naHacrMHe ncJloBal-ba y OHM Hapeulior paseoja", o n ~ o c KaKo ~ o ~pe6a
 nEAATOILIKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 9-10 (2002). HOIMCaj(

Ra ce peanasyje Ta capaflfia AeTeTa a onpacnor, ~ o j MeToRaMa, a ~ ~ o j Oa~ J ~ IMI[M-

Ma " n o ~ o h a "ojqpacnor (Moll 1990 : 11).
H a c ~ o j a b aga ce paseaje oparMaanaH KoHqenT HacTase, s a c ~ o ~ aH lar 6na-
roM onHocy npeMa neqm a norrrTosany naxose naLIHocTa,jas~hajyce HOBM npa-
cryna y HacTasa. Yrpabasane oeax eneMeHaTa n p e ~ r o s ~ a j ejoru ~o K O K ~ OM~H-
CKOr PI P ~ c ojqa~ 611 , nOJIOBHHOM 20. BeKa Kna@Ka (Wolfgang Klafki) M UUyJIII (Wol-
fgang S C ~ U Pi3rpajqllnM
~Z) KOH~CII~H KpPITHZIKO-KOHCTPYKTCIBHe
J~ M KOMYHI4K;LTMB-
He nenarorqe. OH^ ynase y o ~ n a pcaspeMeHax UanaKTnqKax ~ e o p a j arne , ce rro-
ce6aa n a x b a noceehyje HalrenaMa ca~oonpet)enaa ConaRapHocTa ylIeHaKa, Kao
a naxose e ~ a ~ q a n a q a j e .
Ha TeMemy eMaHqanaropHe nenaroraje HacTaJIa je p e c n o ~ c a 6 a n ~Hacra- a
Ba, K O J je
~ CTllMyJIllCaHa YHYTpaUIbOM M O T H B ~ ~ H ~ I4 O neM0KpaTCKOM
M naPTl4qMna-
~ ( U ~ OYlIeHMKa
M I4 HaCTaBHMKa. Y OKBMPY ~ ~ c I I o H c M ~ H JHaCTaBe
IH~ O ~ B HC Je~ "IIpo-
qec n e c ~ o n a p a s a q ~ycIeKa,
je ~ p e a ~ a ~ a s a qna aj en a ~ ~ a . i ~ o - ~ e ~rlnypana-
o~~"i~or

no~asyje~ e ~ u e ~ qnpe@epapana
ajy Heeor HasmHa nepqenqaje, opra~asaqaje,pe-
~ e ~ q ~a lpjee~ o r ~ a q ayj enpoqecy cTaqaba s ~ a n a( M a ~ n a h1990 : 261). C THM y
Be3M MOXeMO peha na Cy PiHTeJIeKTyaJIHe cnoco6eocra I4 K0rHHrrr?BHHCTWIOBM
nOBesaHEi, aJIM fla Ce Meby bMMa He MOXe CTaBMTM 3HaK ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~ IK/ ~OH C T ~TJ IH
~ K. T ~ -
anHe cnoco6~ocracy oKpeHyTe caupxajy nposeca cassaba a yeasyjy Ha Hacrm M
o 6 n a ~y c ~ a j a b aI I H @ O ~ M ~ ~n 0HK~ C
~e, KOrHMTllBHH CTHJIOBA OjqHOCe Ha HaWH
cTarjaba a ~ @ o p ~ a q a jpeanasosaa
a, ~ p o snpoqec ycnajana sHana. Y sacnarHo
- O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O BCkICTeMY,
H O M Onpa3 KOI'HMTHBHOr CTAJIa Hajlje HHUITa ,QpYrO no CTpaTerl4-
ja yqena ~ o j ce a oAHoca Ha Hasm ~a ~ o j ce a ojq~ajanpoqec ycrena ( T o j ~ o 1995s :
95).
C n a ~ aon noMeHyTax ~ e o p a j a06jarunasa HeKe acneme passoja runpe, 60-
b e M n o ~ n y ~ aon j e jqpyrax ana Me Moxe na o 6 j a c ~ acse eneMeHTe ~ o j cy a noce6-
~ HCTPYKTYPY
HO ~ H ~ ' - I ~ 3;1 EI kI K O H ~ ~ ~ I ~ I JJ ~~ ~ H M K ~ .
J M
Y o ~ e ~cye pasnaee y cxsaTanaMa aHTeneKTyanHor passoja yrreaar<a M
YJIOre yu6e~IIKay beMy, MaRa Ce KP03 CBa CXBaTaba lIpOBJIaclH ~ ~ J ~ ~ H MAMe- Y K M
Hare&, a TO je npahebe ~ ~ K O H M T O C TncaxaCIKor
M passoja n o j e ~ a ~ qoam
, ~ o c ~sa-
o
KOHHTOCTLI ~ o j e npaTe neroB aaTeneKTyanHa p a s ~ o jc x o ~ ~ neronoh.1
o yspac~y.
C s a ~ a~ e o p a j acarnenasa n p o 6 n e ~a3 csor yma, ~ o ~ e npa h a TOM paqyHa Ra y
qeHTap CBOr MHTepeCOBaba CTaRM JIMqHOCT YIIeHI.IKa K O ~ Rje, y HaCTaBHOM npoqe-
cy, a c y 6 j e ~ a o~ 6 j e ~ nenouana.
a~

Y ~ ~ ~ H ~I Ij heros
.K , canp>~aj, 6 1 4 ~ yTslre
~ 0 Ha ycreHaea, WTO H j e c ~ eq a b
HacTaee. C a s ~ ~ a n a s a Tor
n e ~canpxaja ycIeHHK ce Mena. Kao nawocT noc~aje60-
X a ~ Gojos~ti:
a YIJGEHMK Y QYHI<I&TJMMHTEJIEKTYAJIHOT PASBOJA Y4EHPiKA

ra~~jm nerose
, c n o c o 6 ~ o cce~ noseka~ajy,
~ a MeHTanHcl KanaqmeTM p a 3 ~ ~ j a j y .
Ca Rpyre cTpaae, y cKnany ca sek n o c ~ o j e @OHROM k~~ 3 ~ a n aC, B O ~ H MB P ~ A H O C T M -
Ma M M H R M B M ~ ~ ~ ~ J I H o L LCIB~aK
~M
, YYeHMK IlpHXBaTa c a J J p ~ aHaJ CROJ HaqEIH, ITpepLl-
$yje ra M ~ o ~ n o ~ on y jnee r a Hone cTpyeType. Kpos caenanaBane canpxaja y
Y U ~ ~ H HY'leK HMK
J ~ , @opMMpa HOBe ~ O ~ M pa3~llja O B ~ , C B O ~MHTeJIeKTyaJIHe
~ Kana-
UMTeTe y CKnany Ca C B O ~ H MM O ~ ' ~ ~ H O C T M MM ~MIITt?peCOBafi(ilMa,M CTMLIeOCHOBe 38
ca~oo6pa30~alse.
Canpxaj ~ I J ~ ~ Hje MTeKcT K ~ K O ~ HH M ~npe
, cnera, 06pa30nHy ~ n c ~ jUJTO y,
ra M pa3nMKyie OR OCTaJIRX KbMra. @ Y H K ~y R~ J6 ~e ~ cJrC ~npBeHCTBeH0 a YCMepeHa
Ha MtlrreneKTyanHe KanauMTeTe yseHma, @ o p ~ ~ p a MHTeneKTyanHMx %e BeurTMHa,
cMcTeMa neposana, 3 ~ a n MTJJ. a
M ~ a j y hoso ~ y BMAY, BpcTa canpxaja y1,16e~a~a jc onpebeaa OHMM KO ra
Kopacrra, a TO je yqeHMK, a c 0 6 3 1 4 ~ na 0 ~je ~ I J ~ ~ HnMcaHa
M K pcy, n e r o s y ~ ~ ujea j
OrpaHMIIeH, na y nyXy TOra MOXeMO rOBOpMTll 0 pa3JIM11MTMM + Y H K ~ M ~ y1,16e- ~ M ~
H M K3~a. oso McTpaxMsane MM CMO ce onpegenanM 3a oHe @ y ~ ~ qyI,I6eHMKa ~ j e
~ o j ece T M Y Y ~ o r y h e rnoncTaqana passoja aHTeneKTyanmx onepaqcrja, HOBMX
7Haba, CeIi30PHMX, ITPaKTMVHEIX kl M ~ P ~ x ~ ~ ~ HCI~OCO~HOCTH.
H x
TIPEAMET MCTPAXHBAIbA j e c ~ ey ~ u p b n e a n enpmcyrHocTM onpebe-
HMX KapaKTepMCTMKa c a n p ~ a j ayr,16eHMKa,K0je Ce MOry M~~HTM@MKOB~TM KaO Ka-
PaKTepMCTMKe K O J ~M M ~ J YI I o T ~ A ~ M J ~ ~y~ ~~ H~ AqHa a jMHTeJIeKTyanHM pa3l30j YseHH-
Ka, nOCMaTpaH0 Ca CTaHOBMILITa HaCTaBe, OCTBapMBafia I I ~ ~ J ( B M $ ~ H MBaCIIllTHO x
- O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B UMJbeBa
H M X K O ~ M Ce OAHOCe Ha MHTeJIeKTyaJlHO BanRTa%e M Ko~l~enIJkIje
caMor ~ I J ~ ~ H M K ~ .
IIPOEJIEM HCTPAXMBAbA: Ko~zutcocy O C H O B H O L U ~ O J ~ Cy4lGetli~u~i ~U
y 4 y ~ t c u u j uunuleJzetculyuJzTp~~3~0j~1 y~ie~u~u?
4M.b I/ICTPA>KMBAIhA cMo noJJenaJIMr-la OnUITM M ~ V C ~ OIIUTM ~ H M .
UMJb MCTPAXMBAbA je 6uo gcr ce yGopgu iuoTyiin @ y ~ ~ c u uy4l6euutcu ja y LLH-
~Zenetcriiyan~oiu p a ~ ~ o yltetlutca.
jy
nona3ehl.r on ornuTer qMJba McTpaxma%a O A ~ ~ J J M J IcM ~ Mo nOCEEHM
UM.b, a TO jc gn ce yiZspgu i o m Z e ~ ~ i u j u f(bytltcuuju
l~a csurcof y 4 l G e ~ u ~~ao ~ u o c o 6 .

3AAALJkf acTpamasaba cy:

I. ~ T B ~ R M T0M 6 naTana,
~ ~ 3anarra~a, Hanora M s e x 6 a ~ o j He
e aara>~yjy ~rnjegkly
HHTeJIeKTyanHy O ~ C ~ ~ L T yH3aRaTMM JY Y I J ~ ~ H M ~ H M ~ ,
2. YTBPAMTH n o ~ e ~ q q a @ n ~yy ~ ~ qY ~I . Ij ~y~ H MyKaHraxonafiy
~ cnoxeacrx npo-
qeca @op~mpatcan o j ~ o s a( n o c ~ a ~ p a f iye~, l o p e b a ~ aa~anmsa,
~e, CMHTCS~,
~ ? u o b e % ecynosa M ~ ~ K J L ~ I I M B ~ H , ~ ) ,
3. YTBpnMTM M0ryfiy @ Y H K ~ H J YyIJ6eHMKa y ~C~ajaEby IIaCTaBHOr CaQXaJa Ha
CBMM H M B O M M 3 ~ ~ a n (a3 ~ a f i e
npenosaana~,a,p e n p o n y ~ q ~ jnpMMeneHo-
e,
oIIepaTmHa 3 ~ a n Ma cTnapanalrKa s ~ a n a ) ,
4. yTspnaTN n o ~ e ~ q ~ j Qa yn~~~ yq l i l~j yI J ~ ~ Hy ycsajacby
M K ~ HacTanHor canpxaja
y OAHOCy Ha p a 3 ~ 0Cj ~ ~ C O ~ H O C(CeH30pHe,
TH npaKTMLIHeC I ~ O C O ~ H O C T HM CnO-
CO~HOCTM mpaxanana),
5. YTBpflWrH CTeneH R C K O P M U I ~ ~ H O C T A Y J J ~ ~ H MHaK WlCOBMMZl
~ y IlOrJIeay:
 3aencna oapajabna je yqeaMr<, OAHOCHO heron MnrreneKryaJ1m passoj, a y o ~ u c r -
py MHTeneKTyanHor pas~oja:@ o p ~ ~ p a r n&oej ~ o s a Hmuo
, Knanwrcrra s ~ a ~ krb pa-
a
3 ~ 0pj a 3 n ~ ~ 1 ~ ~
C rI IrOnCxO ~ H O W M .

- OCMal pZltbC
- yr~ope\~~ai+x
(+!)~lp~~lpnl
be - aHiUIM3a
nyuoan - c1.1117e3a
r~luoljetw
cynonn M
la~c~by~ra~a
YI,l6EI-IMK
- nMTana
- H~JIO~M - npeno3rranarr,,~
KB~~MT~T Y YEHLIK
- se~t6c - penpony~trl~je
- 3anauM 3Haba - orlepar rlurio
CT sapanaciKo

Pujaoj
cnocoGriocrnz~ ---+-- npammlsr
cerrmprre
re
- ~sparcaj~re
X n ~ aEolorj~ih:YUEEHMIC Y ~1)YHKuMJMMHTEJIEKTYAJIHOT PASBOJA YLIEHMKA

Je PICTpaXMBaH Kp03 CHCTeMaTCKO Il0-

CTeneH M C K O ~ M L U ~ ~ H O C T y1.16e~~rca
M
CMaTpa%e 105 IIaCTaBIiMX LlaCOBa KOJM C y peaJIMsOl3aHM no H a B C A e H M M HaCTaBHMM
npenMeTaMa (45 cracorta y ojleJbcwMMa ,rpeher 14 .IeTspTor paspena M 60 Ilacoea y
oAe.rbermMa cegMor M OCMOI- pa'3pej~a).O K B M ~
a36opa cy lIMHmnM CRM Y ~ I ~ I I M ~ M
~peflMx,11CTBpT14X,C e a M E l X I4 OCMHX pa3pena CBMX OCHOBHHX LUKOJla Y r p a n C K O M je-
srpy Y x ~ q a a, M ~ T O ~ ~ Oc nMy q a j ~ o r~ 3 6 0 p aysoparc cy s m a n a 1033 ylreHMKa y
CBMM UIKOJI1-1MLI.
nprnh~e~,ella je Me.rojla ~ e o p ~ j aaanase,
c~e a on mcTpaxr.lnacrKMx TexHMKa
~<opMluiierrc Cy: CMCTCMaTCKO IIOCMaTpabC El aHaJll.138 c a ~ p ~ a jOJI a . HHCTpyMetIaTa
K O P I ~ I I ~ ~ ,ie
~ CCHn M O ~ ~ O T V K O nOCMaTpa1ba
JI H c K o ~ M ~ ~ ~ ~ C H OYC T
IM HaM'IaCO-
J ~ ~ H K ~
B M M B , K O ~ Hje, sa onaj pajl, rroce6~oKoHcTpyuca1-r.

OCHOBHO CpenCTBO K O ~ M MY I J ~ ~ H MaHra>Kyje

K yLleHMKe,ORHOCHO CpCJfCTBO
~ o j on
e yLleHEiKa HerlocpeHHo a ~ K C I I ~ M U M T H3Oa x ~ e e aammnHocT a aHraxosakbe
o n p e $ c ~ r ~nHTcneKTyanHMx
x KanarKl.rTerrajecy nwraba, s a n a q ~Hanosvl , M sex6e'.
A H a n l l s o ~canpxaja o 6 y x ~ a k e ~ jeo1428 j e g ~ ~ a~~u- iaa n ~ys ec ~ a xneneT aHana-
s ~ p a ~ 1 Y4Ix, I ~ E ! R M K ~ . M C T M Y ~ M~aO ce I-ianIa a ~ a n ~ canp>~aja
sa He 6asa n e j r n ~ o ~
canpl~ajay 1 ~ 6 e l r ~rl~~ aMlrTeneKTyaJrHM
a p a s ~ o yLretwKa
j y cTporoM cMacny, seii ca-
MO XMllOTeTMqKI.IM, M O ~ Y ~ E T,QC~CTIIOM. M 3 a ~ Je 0 y aHaJIH3M cIeC'rO K O P M L L I ~ ~ HTep-
MMR - M O Z ~ ~ L( iI i o ~ Z e ~ u u j a nIlo~pelZial~
~~i) u ~ % e n e ~ f i y u n f t o ~ p u 3 syrlel-lurca.
oja
Cil TOI' CTi11-1OBMLIJT;1I I O C ~ ~I lH~ ~> K Ije b ~naTa 3aXTeBMMa K O j e CMO CBpCTanM
y cneneiie ~ x r e r o p ~ j e :
1. 3aX'l'eBM KOJM HkiCy y @ Y H K ~ M ~ I aKTMHMPalWl
.I MHTeJIeKTyaJIHMX OnepaqM~a
norn1Ir<orMaumeH,a yLieHMrca.Y OKBMPY OBMX saxTena ~ s ~ e o j a nCMO x cneneke
~ x r e r o p ~sjaex ~ e u a :
- K a ~ e I W p ~3aXTeBa ja K O ~ M CY HCnOBOJbHO IIpCqM3HM M ~ L ~ C M, I ~ M
- ~ a ~ e r o p 1 4saxrrcna ja ~ o j ncy caMo I I ~ M B M A H OMHTeneKTyanHo nposorta-
TMBHkl (110KpehyyLleIlMK21H a npaKTMTIHyaKTMBHOCT YCMepetiY H a npMKY-
nJLabe o 6 j e ~ a sa ~ apan)
2. 3aXTeBEl K O ~ H C y I T O T ~ H ~ M ~ ~ J InOKpCTaVMHM pa3Boja MHTeneKTyaJIHMX
cHara yLleaaKa K P O ' ~J I O ~ M Z I oKn~e p a q ~ j eMMm.rr,erba,
3. 3aXTCRM K O ~ M I I O T ~ H ~ M ~ L ~ J ~~ HK OT B R M P ~Oflpe$eHe
~Y KBaJIMTeTe sHa%a KOA
Yclt?HMKa,
4. 3aXrCBM KOJM CY M O I ' Y ~ MIIOKpeT;lTIMCeH30PHkiX, IIPaKTMLIHMXM M3pa~ilj-
HMX C ~ O C O ~ H O C ' yrIeHMKa.
~EI
5. Ca CT~l40BMIIlTaMCKO~MUI~I~HOCTII Y I J ~ C H M KM
Ba 'IaCOBMMa HaCTaBHMX
rIpC[4MCTa l7pupoga u gpyuriZcw sa rrpeha paspen, l703+tasu~,eg p y w h a a M I703~n-
 IlEQArOLllKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 9-10 (2002), H o l Call
~

wntt,e Gpupoye sa ' I ~ T R P T M ,~ ~ U O A O Z U ~ Cldciiiopuja,

I, re~;iEla(jbi~j~sa CeflMM a OCMM
paspen, n a x n a jc n o c ~ e h e ~ a :
- CTCIICHy M C K O P M U ~ ~ ~ M O COBMX T M ~l,16eHMKaHa 'IaCoBMMa O n CTpaHe Ha-
CTaBHMKa.
JJoGajc~~a cy cneneha p e s y n ~ a ~: a
1. A~anMsacanpxaja y u 6 e ~ m ~p a s p c n ~ ea npenhleTae HacTase je rroKasa-
na Aa je ~ o r y k ca 3 n s o j a ~ asaxTene ~ o j cy a n o ~ e ~ q ~ j MpeneRaHTHM
an~o 3a MHTe-
neKTyanHa passoj ycreHMKa, o n ~ o c ~ o j aHe ~opecno~nrnpajy y noTnyHocTM ca
Karre1'0plljaMa PeneBaHTHMM p a 3 ~ 0 jHHTeJIeKTyaJrHMX CHara ycleHMKa.TaKRM~
saxveua m a yKynao 72, LUTO ~ I M H M5% on yKynHor 6poja ceax jenaaa~taaHanHse,
O ~ Y X B ~ ~ ~ORMM H M XMCTpaXMBabCM, UITO je npMKa3aHo y ~ a 6 e n 6p.~ 1. YHyTap
oee rpyrle saxTesa ~ s n n o j e ~cy m freAouon,Ho j a c a~ ~~e n p e q n s a asaxreem, Kao a
aHTeneKTyanHo ~ e a ~ ~ a s ~ p a j y h ~ .
E~e,qonom~o J ~ C H H3aXTeBa M ~ ~ ~ H T H ( $ H K CyOCaMO
B ~ HyMyq6elraqa~apa-
spenHe tracraee (22 saxTeua MnM 12,28 %), ~ O KK O y1.16eHM~a ~ npe,qMerrHe IracTaee
rwje r r p o ~ a b eH ~M ~ ~ J ~errpeqasaa
I ~ H saxTeB.
MHTcJI~KT~~JI~ H Oe a ~ ~ ~ ~ c l3axTeBM p a j y hCy,~ Ilpe CBera, 3aXTeBM K0jl.i Ce
ogHoce Ha rIpaKynmabe 06jeearra sa pan (~spa,qaa n 6 y ~ arrpmynmane , HancnHa-
[la, p a s m e n ~ a q a IloceTe
, M cn). Y y 1 ~ 6 e ~ a paspenaeq ~ ~ a HacTaee npoaabcaa cy
22 TaKHa XlXTeHa, a y Y I , I ~ ~ H H I [ M IlpeAMeTHe
M~ HaCTaRC 28 3aXTeBa.
2. Q p y r a ~~ ~ J ~ T KecTpaxasafia
O M asnnojmna CMO s a x ~ e e e~ oce joylHoce ~
Ha M O T Y ~ Ryrl'ML[iljY L I ~ ~ H MHaK aHra>KOBaEbe
~ MHrreJICKTyaJIHPIX011epaqMja.
C R ~ K3axrre13
M je a ~ a n a 3 n p ay~qafiy y ~ e p b ~ e a nKonrtKo a no~eaqajanao
n o ~ p e k eMHTeneKTyanHe onepaqaje: nocMarrpane,ynope$aea&e, a ~ a n a s acmHTe- ,
sa, assobebe cynoea a s a ~ m y ~ ~yaceaKoM ~ a , on rraseneHax ~ I J ~ ~ HOAHOCHO M K ~ ,
K O ~ M je K ~( $ p e ~ s e ~ q a~j ao r y k e aKTMsapafia
r je,q~axonepaqaja y o n ~ o c yHa ~ p y -
re. Haje 6ano ~ o r y i i e~ ~ ~ H O ~s aH xT~ Me ey K O ~ ~eeM n o j a ~ ~ b y caMo j e j e ~ aHrre-~ a
ncKTyanHa o n e p a q ~ j a ,seli cy yseK 6 m e npacyTHe Tpm Mna BHrue a m - e n e ~ ~ y a n -
HMX o n e p a q ~ j aTaKo
, na cy naTe caMo +pe~~enqzxje janjbaba Hasenemix mHTeneK-
Tyanmx o n e p a q ~ j ano ~ I J ~ ~ H H I JMspaxeHe H M ~ y npoqemaMa ( ~ a 6 e n a2).
~ o 6 M j e ~ pe3yJrrraTM
M 110Ka3yjy ,Qa yIJ6eHMK ~ O T ~ H ~ H ~aKTMBMpa ~ J ~ H OMH'I'e-
neKTyanHe o~repaqajenocMaTpana, ynopeijasarha, aeanase, c m r e s e M clsnobena
CymoRa a 3 a ~ f i y q a ~( ~a a 6 e n a2), a K ~ K Oje TO pacnope$e~o,reHepanHo nocMaTpa-
HO,MoxeHo m n e m Ha rpa@m~oay1. H ~ ~ e n c ~ ~ oyn ca pna q~~aj anocMaTpana je
AoMalIaHTHa y 21% s a x ~ e ~yr~opebmnafie a, y 10% saxTena, aeannsa je A O M ~ H ~ H -
Trra y 31 % saxTesa, c n ~ ~ e y3 16% a s a x ~ e u a mImeneKTyanHa o n e p a q ~ j aasnobe-
h a CyflOBa M 3aKJLyqaKa je ROMMHaHTHa Y 22% aJlaJlM3MpaHMX 3aXTeBa.
r p n ( $ a ~ o ~2.aa 3. n p ~ ~ a s y KaKo j y je TO pacrrope$c~o~ O C ~ no ~ Hy1~6e~1.1-
O
IpiMa p a s p e n ~ eH rlpenMerrHeHacraee.
T ~ K O McTpaxMsana
M acKpMcTanMcana ce norpe6a na Y T B ~ ~ M MKonaKo O
canp>~aj y 1 ~ 6 e k r nclpeKTHo
~~a ynyhyje ycIeal.rr<aHa HeKe on HarIaHa e ( $ ~ ~ a c e 6a- or
paTaba ~ I J ~ ~ H M K HOnM M HeKOM ApyroM JIMrrepaTypOM. AHaflM3a c a n p ~ a j ayu6e-
H M Kn ~ o~asana je na je j a ~ oMano j e n ~ ~ aaanme ~ q a ~ o j yrryhyjy
e ycleHaKa Ha pan
Ca Y I J ~ ~ H M K O MMall JZORaTHOM JIMTepaTYPOM.
npeflcTa~MheM0TO no ~ I J ~ ~ H M ~ M M ~ .
 Y OI<BHPY y1.16e~a~a pa3penHe HaCTaBe ~ 3 f l ~ a j a M~ oI . I ~ ~ H nO3~U(3il~>e M K ~
upupoge Ja 4. paspeg a no3uasn1+e g p y u ~ s t l n3a 4. pajpeg, y K O ~ M Mce~ ayTopa
Y U ~ C H M Ko6paiiajy
~ Y~lellHqMI~L1KaO KOpMCMML[MMa. ~ M X O R Oo6pahalbe je Ha
n p ~ o Cj T ~ ~ H M IKnare,
~ M y O K B I I ~ Y~ o j e ce
r HaJlasc ocaoslra ynyTcrna sa ~ o p a m h c -
h e ~ I J ~ ~ E I Kao H K ~M , rpy6c HasHaKe K O ~ YJlMTepaTypy, y3 ~ U ~ ~ I IyLleHMK P I K , MO>KC
na Kopacra, Hewrro on ~ r e n e n a j ~ j c IlporpaMa, ~or He npcqasapajyh~canp>~aje KO-
J M Cy H ~ ] I I ~ ~ O ~ HKao M ~MHnpaBJbeH>C
, aJI6y~a
CanpxajPI y1~6e13a~a npeAMeTMe HaCTaRe Cy HeluTO K O H K P ~ T H M ~ MM , aKO J C
6 ~ n Manoo a s ~ e ~ a b y j y hTOe UITO c ~ oon , rrrecT y u 6 e ~ m ~npenMeTHe
a Hacram, ca-
MO Y JJBaY I J ~ ~ H HalllJlM M K ~ ,3aXTeBe K O ~ M MCe~ yCleHLlqHyr~yhyjyHa Apyry JlkiTepa-
Typy. To je Y I J ~ ~ H MreoZpa(jbujll3a
K 7. paapeg, y KOMC je sanaTo 27 rcMa sa CCMM-
HapcKe panone ys npenopyKy onrosapajyhe nMreparrypc norpe6ae sa ~y TeMy a
Y I J ~ C H M K r e o z p n @ ~ ]3ae 8. pLl3pf?$l, y KOMe T a ~ o b e~ O C T O ~He3HaTHO H ynyh~~albe
Ha npyry naTcpaTypy a y KoMe je nabeao 7 rpynartaja nma%a ~ o j ce a onHoce Ha
c u c r e ~ a ~ a s a r ~ rpanana
ujy HaKoH o 6 p a b e ~ eHacTanHe qenaee. Q o p ~ y n a q ~ na- ja
~ a ~jet naTa a y B M ~ YKpaTKax ~ e s a .
3. Cne~cfiarpyna s a x ~ e s aj e c ~ eoHa ~ o j je a y (PYHK~EIJ'II n o ~ e ~ q a j a n aH- ~or
raxooaba o x p e b e ~ a xKsaJlaTcTa s11ana. Y Harueht acTpa>KauaH,ya ~ a n a s a p a ~ cya
cne~efiaKnanaTeT1.I: s ~ a b errpenos~asalba,p e n p o n y ~ ~ ~nj pea, ~ e b e s o - o n e p a -
T H B H ~a cTsapanacIKo sHa%e. npr? a ~ a n a s a canp>~aja CBMX a ~ a n a 3 ~ p a ~ Y 1I ., 1I ~~ ~ H M -
Ka Je yOT1eHOfla I I o C T C ~ M KBaJlMTaTMBHa pa3nMKa y 3aWeBMMa y CMkICJIy HOTeHqM-
j a n ~ o raKTaeapana HeKor on KBanaTerra sHaba, 6e3 o6sapa na na cy Ha no1reTKy
MJIM ~a ~ p a j y neuqnje, ana Aa He n o c ~ o KsanaTaTMulia
j~ p a j n a ~ aKaNa ce yrropene
n o 6 a j e ~p ~e s y n ~ a ~ te~$ ny e ~ q ~ j ya yu6e1~14nhia
~a pa3pefl~eM npeflMeTHe Ha-
CTaBC, LUTO CC MOXe BMAeTM y T ~ ~ ( P M K O4.HMM5.M ~
Kana je pexr o s ~ a b ynpenosl-ianaba, ~ p e 6 ap e h ~na ce s a x ~ c l m~ o j aara- a
xyjy oeaj HMBO 3 ~ a f i ay ~ a j ~ e hMepa o j ~ a n a s ye ~ B O ~ H MsanaqaMa.
M I I o ~ o h yb a x
ce nonesyje rpaNaeo nperrxonHc n e ~ q a j eca HapegHoM, IUTO je c~rysajy roTouo
CRHM ~ I J ~ ~ H M A~anmsoM
~ A M ~canpxaja
. y u 6 e ~ a je
~ ay ~ o p b e ~ nao08 1428 afranm-
s a p a ~ i ~j exn a ~ a q a151 jenat~aqaa ~ a n a s en o ~ e ~ q a j a nawasapajy ~~o s ~ a b npe-
e
nos~ana~~.
Barrre on j e n ~ enonosme j e ~ ~ ~ aa~qa na a s ecy n o ~ e ~ q ~ j aa ~n~~moa p a j y -
fie y cMacny na Tpaxe penpony~qajyHayseHor, ys nonesmafie ca >KMBOTHMM
MCKYCTBOM ygeHaKa. H ~ P O ~ HjeT BMCOK O 6poj saxTena ~ oTpaxe j ~p e n p o ~ y ~ q a j y
y y y 6 e ~ a q m ~npenMeTHe
a HacTaee (TeoZpaq5uja 3a 7. u 8. pa3peg u H M c o p ~ j a3a
7. u 8. pajpeg) TaKo na, reaepanHo rnenaao, MoxeMo peha Aa, ~ajBehI4Qpoj sax-
TeBa y ~ ~ H ~ ~ K T M ~ I K O - M ~ T anapaTYPM, O ~ M ~ ~ K O Y~ y I , I 6 e ~ k l l [ ~IIpeAMeTHC
~a HaCTaBe,
MnaK a ~ r a > ~ ycTaqabe jy s ~ a ~ bp ea n p o n y ~ q ~.j e
Mana je r r p ~ ~ e ~ e a o - o n e p a 3~ ~ma~noeI~sanarrerr s ~ a b a~ o j ce e r~e x a
c a n p ~ a j eCBaKOr ~ Y I J ~ ~ H aHanH30M
M K ~ , T M X c ~ f l p x a j aCY f l 0 6 l l J e ~pi33ynTaTM
~
npeMa ~ o j a TeK ~ a j e n ~ a~ p c f i a a anlianasapa~axj e n ~ ~ l n qnao ~ e ~ q a j a ~noKpe- r~ro
t7c Ha o ~ aKj B ~ J I M T ~3T~ a b a .
J ~ A M H aHaJlH3C
M I ~ ~ K O J ~Cy, I ~ O T ~ H ~ H ~ ~aKTMB~pajyfie
J I H O y ITOrJIefly Craqa-
b a cTE32lpaJIaqKOr sHakba, HHCy yOcIeHe HHTH y J ~ ~ H O~ MI J ~ ~ H TaKO H K ~na , Ta nofla-
UM, MaKO J C 61.1~10llpe.Q~H.l$e~o MCTpaXMBabeM, HMCy HM ITpe3eHTOB2lHM.
 nEAArOllIKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 0-10 (2002),I l o r l ~('ail

4. H a p c ~ H arpyna sarrena ce sesyje sa C I C T B ~ T Ms a ~ l a McrpaxMnaa,a

~ a ~ KO-
j~ ce O J J H O C M ~tla y.rep$~sane@ ~ H K Icanpmaja ~a ~oryflc@
[ K ~ ~ y 1 . 1 6 e t r ~Kao r a~,ro-
pa aHraXOBBFba CeH3OPHMX, np21KTM11HMXM M ~ P ~ X ~ ~ CIIOCO~HOC'I'M.
H M X OII~~CJ{CJ~~-
Fbe y IlaLIICM MCTpaXHBaI-hyje 6 ~ n na 0 C e ORC C ~ I ~ C O ~ I ~ OMC OTrHy IIOCMaTpaTH Ca-
MO KPO3 +OPMY pans lla TeKCTY M TO Y K O M ~ M H ; ~ L & M J M : qMrraFbe, pa3MMIllJI>aFbe,
MspaXaBaFbe, IIOCMaTpabe, IIPaKTMYHe aKTMBHOC'I'M.
Pesyn~arrrt~ c ~ p a x 1 4 n a no~asyjy
na ga, on yKynHo 1428 j e l l t i ~ n q aa ~ a n ~ s e ,
cBera 510 aaanase
J ~ R M H H ~ ~ ( w n ~35,71%), MMa noKpeTacrKo n e j c ~ ~Hao pasnoj
MCTpaXMBaHMX CIIOCO~HOCTM, AOK OCTaJlO (64,43'1/0) IIpMnana H ~ ~ K T M B M ~ ~ je- J ~ ~ M M
J J M H H I J ~ Maaanmse
~ ~ o j eHHCY y @ Y H K I [ Mn~oE~I e ~ u ~ j a m~ Ko rT M B M cP e~ ~~ ~~ o p -
Hmx, npaKTwrHMx m nspaxaj~mxcnoco6~oc.r~ nyreM c a j j p ~ a j a~ I J ~ ~ H MY Krpa-
~ .
@MKOHY 6 . n p a ~ a s a je~ apacnope$eaoc~caMo OIIMX s a x r e ~ a~ 0 j l .cy 1 110rre~q~ja~1-
I-1M IIOKpeTaYM CeHSOPHMX, IIPaKTM1lHMXM M ~ ~ ~ ~ K C
~I~
J OHC O
M ~ xH O C T M .
5. H o c n e ~ nsaAaTaK
~ Haurer r n c ~ p a ~ m l ~ ~or ~- hla~ o ce
c ~H oa cTerreH MCKO~H-
U ~ ~ ~ H O Y H aHHK
C TJ LJ ~~ ~ H aCT
~aBHMM CIBCOBMM;I.
Ha OCHOBy flo6qe~rnxx2 BPeRHOCTM Ha HMBOY ~ H ~ ~ I ~ ~ H OOn Co,ol T M I4 o,os
3a CBBKO nl.iTane n o j e n ~ ~ a sMoxeMo~o, ~ ~ K J L Y ~ I M~a
T Mce Y I , I ~ ~ H M Lpaspentie
(M M
IIpeAMeTHe HaCTaBe H e p a B H O M e p H O KOpHCTe y IIOI'JlCny aK'rMBMpaHd MHTeJIeKTy-
aJlHMX oIICpaqMj.ija, KBaJIMTeTa sHBba, CeH3OPHMX, IIpIlKTMqHMX M M ~ ~ B ~ K ~ CIIO-
J H M x
C O ~ H O C T M UITO
, n o ~ a s y j eonpe$eao HerroBepetbe HacTasriMKa npeMa nMilnaKrM1iKo-
M ~ T O ~ M ~ IaIIapaTypM
K O ~ aHaJIM3MpaHMX yl~6e~kiKa.
MaKO ce pasjror sa oBaKan ojlaoc rracTauHma rlpeMa ~ o p ~ n l h e b y1~6er1a~a
y
H a C B O ~ A MllaCOBMMa MOXC ReJIMh.IR~H0TPaXMTH Y I l e l l O l ' l l ~KOH!JCI~QMJM
~~~ n0JC-
AMHMX yI.I6eHMKa, H M J H ~ COCIlOBaHO nMTaFbC J(a J I M FlaCTaBHMqM XeJIe aa KOPMCTe
~ I . I ~ ~ H MHKa YaCOBPiMa, OAHOCHO K a K B O je FhMXOBO MMlllJheFbe O M O ~ Y ~ H O C T M M ~
~ I , I ~ ~ HKao H K noepeTasa
~ MHTeneKTyanIfor passoja yrreHMKa. OBOje caMo jenrlo
08 naTaKa ~ o j ce e caMo HaMeTHyno TOKOM r n ~ ~ e p r ~ p e ' r aPq C~ ~j eY J I T ~McTpaxH-
T~
Bal-ba.

C ~ ce
0 6 3 ~ na 0 ~c a ~ p l ~y1.16er1~~a
aj KapaKTepmure yllyhe~omhy H a M H T ~ -
JIeKTJ'aJIHM p a 3 ~ 0 JYYeHHKa, ycpeJJcpe~e~ourhy
H a &era M yIIOpIizlM HaCTOJilfhe~
ga ce Aorrpe no HHTeneKTyanHMx KanaqMTcTa yLreaMKa,Te na OH rIpeAcTaRfia caMo
a ~~ o r y h cpeAcTaBa,
j e ~ OR ~x (y K O ~ Hcy yrpaijena n p e ~ n o c ~ a 1 3 . rMoAenn
h e ~ ~ aera-
XOBBFba MHTeneKTyaJIHHX CHara ~ ~ I ~ H H M MsBOpB
K ~ ) SIIarba, IIOKylIIaJlM CMO OBMM
acrpaxMeaneM c~ehmynnn K O ~ M K Ocy OCHOBHOLIIKOJICKM Y I J ~ ~ H M ~ MoAe- M ~ ~ M C T ~
~ y rrorjleay n o ~ e i ~ q ~ j a n taaraxonarba
JIM 3a 0 6 p a 3 o ~ t rpan ~or Mr-rrreneKrryaJ1tlMx
cHara yLreHMKa.
M u c u ~ ~ e tcm ~ ga
o cy ypaqetle atlrmu3c y yoeofitloj ~ e p iuo ~ n s a n eya pe-
UepEoap uoZyh~oc.iE~c inEetlu~~jontlo2 ycnocatl,tr yu6etll~lca~ c ~r ~ ~ ~ Z c n c t c ~ Z y a n w
paaooja yLletlurca,n rcoju ce AO.NL~ y e g y ~ c o ~ a i u3
i u ioc~ZojcDLux~ ~ L L ~ O ~ O ~ L~U~- C K U X
xonocurcux u iieguZocurcux 3tla%a, uarco oZputlu~~eu, u G a ~tluje unnu, anu ya ce,
ucilio Gaxo, 9oGap geo EoT peiepEonp~zy yy6euuuu~inatle ~copucEu, cuo
iioilispgu~lutlyniily xuiioiile3y 9a cy octlos~ocurconc~u y ~ 1 6 e ~ u uy uyooo~btloj~ e p u
 y $ynrc~uju utlii2enerciiZyan~oi'pa3soju yLlel-lurca,o g ~ o c t i oga genyjy iioso~buoHCI
he206 ~~~Generciiiyantiu paseoj.
Ha ocI-Iony crrponeneHor ac'rpaxanana a ,qo6aje~axpesyn~ara,a a ~ a j y h ~
y sany qaJbene a s a n a ~ McTpaxanafia,
~e MOI-y ce aseecra cnenefia saK&yxiqa:
1. Aaanki3a c ~ ~ p > l <NeBeT aja y r ~ 6 e ~ O a C~HO
a BHe ILIKOJIe, TPM a3 pa3peREle PI
urecr a3 npcRMcTHe krac'raee, no~a3anaje na je xuiioGe~ao iiociiio]att,y 3uxEeea,
JCI ~ o j e ce iipeGEocGas~r,ayn ULLCY y ~ ! I J ) H I C M ~ ~~02).'heZ
JU C ~ H Z ~ ; H C C ) N CL~ HI , H
~ ~~~J~CK-
ulyanftux oiiepauc~jla~1oTu~~rcoi' uurli.rherha, iioEcjpbc~u..
Y O ~ CjeHo ~ p e b e aGpoj sax~enasa ~ o j ce e npcmocranma na cy kipeneeakr-
THM 38 I ~ O T ~ H I ~ M ;LHl' ~ ~ JalKOB;I%e
IHO HHTCfleKTyanHMX onepaqblja, a K0je CMO JIOfle-
.nmna Ha: ~ a ~ c r o p a~j yc n p e q m ~ a xH ~ ~ ~ C Hnmana, M X sanaTaKa, Hanora a s e > ~ 6 a
K O ~ MRClllIe s 6 y ~ y j yytIeHMKe Her0 UlTO HX HHTCJIeKTyanHO a ~ r a ~ y j My ,KaTer0pl.r-
jy saxTeea ~ o j acy caMo n p ~ n a aHTeneKrryanI-ro
~~o nposoKaTaBHn ((no~pehyyTIe-
HMKa Ha npaKTMtIHY aKTMBHOCT YCMepeHY Ha IlpI?KyllJhaHS0 6 j e ~ a ~ 3aapan)
Kan je peLr o npnoj ~ a ~ e r o p asaxreea, ja MopaMo peha Aa o ~ no~pehy a Ha
aKrMRHocrm ~ o j ~e a c ypenenaHTHe sa n p o 6 n e ~ocHonHe TeMe, ~ e h ~ a csojy j y csp-
Xy, HeCpa3MepHki Cy ynO>KeHOMTpyny, He ROnpkiHOCe 6 0 h e ~pa3yMeBal%yrpaua-
Ba, 11peflcTa~hajy TepCT yTieHMKyTMMe LUTO H ~ I I o T ~ ~110Beha~ajy ~ H o 6poj CTPBHM-
rla y u 6 e ~ k i ~OHO
a . IUTO je I I O C ~ ~ HI OI P O ~ J I ~ M ~ T M j~eI cH~OeT, IPMCYTHOCT 6ecMMcne-
H H X 3anaTBKa Y y 1 ~ 6 e ~ a q aY ~HaeK
. MM y 4 6 e ~ u q a ~ jeaYaK ~pehMHa3aXTeBa 6e-
cMacneHa, UITO npacki~r,anay.reHnKe na onaKo npenase npeKo oBaeeax saxTeea, a
na HC IIpkiMcfiyjy 3anaTKe ~ 0 .CY i ~MHTeJIeKTyaJIHO IIpOBOKaTPiBHH, cII.IMe Ce ry6a
06pa30~HkiYTIMHaKyrJ6eH11Ka.
n p c ~ fal o 6 ~ j e ~pe3yJITaTPiMa
ki~ HCTpaXHBaba, OBaKBH 3aXTeBll Cy H ~ $ ~ H M
caMo y y1~6erraqa~a paspen~eHacTase. Y y a 6 e 1 i ~ q a npeAMeTwe ~a I-lacTase ~ ~ j e
n13oHabeH ~ ~ j e fGi ea c~~ a c n e~~e, n p e q ~ anM 3 a ~r~ejacaasaxreu.
Apyra ~xreropajasaxTeea cy sax~eeki~ o j acy y asnec~ojMepM Hepeama
jep Oil YYCHHKa TPa>KM nil BeJIlMKH nAe0 CBOr BpeMeHa, y TOKY AaHa, IIOTpOIIlI4 Ha
asupmasakbe Tkix saxreua, a ~ o j acy, npneHcTneHo, ycMepeHa Ha Mspany a n 6 y ~ a ,
npwlcynbane pasmenl-raqa, IrpwKynhane HanenHaqa HeKax npoa3~onaMTA.3 a
ORY K ~ T ~ ~ O P M3aXTeBa
JY Ce IIpeTnOCTaBJba na CaMO IIpMBHnHO a ~ r a ~ y MHTeneK- jy
TyanHe onepaqaje yTre1ima.
Ona ~ a ~ e r o ps~a jxa~ e ~ a j npoaabeaa
e y a ~ a n a 3 r n p a ~ y1 .r1~~6 e ~ a q pa- a~a
3penHe HaCTaBe, AOK J e eRMfleHTKpaHa y aHaJIa3MpaHMM ~ I J ~ ~ H H IIpeflMeTHC ~ M M ~
JlilCT2iRC.
2. Apyra s a n a ~ aacTpaxmana~ ce o ~ ~ o c aHao y ~ ~ p $ ~ e a+ ny e~ ~ ~ y a j e
~ I J ~ ~ Hy n M oK~ ~e ~ r t a j a n aHraxosany
~o~ trHTeneKTyanHtrx onepaqaja ycieaaKa.
P c s y n ~ a ~acrpaxanana
a no~asyjyRa cy ce ayrropa, y ~ 3 p a n ay 4 6 e ~ n ~ a ,
YrJIaBHOM pyK0BOnJUIM OIIUITMM 3aKOHPITOCTIIMa pa3~0ja yc1eHHKa oflpefje~or
yspac~a,Te ce s a ~ h y s y j eua je xuiioGe3a o o c ~ o e ~ o c u ~ o n c r c oy~Cie~urcy n1 rcao
cpeycGey Lio/Ee~uujunnoTnuZa.~oea~+a unillenerculyannux oiiepauuja, iioulrspbe-
Ha.
n p a a ~ a n a 3 acanpxaja CBMX aaanasapa~ax~ I J ~ ~ H Eno6krje~a I K ~ , pe3yn~a~a
npyxajy ysna y gaKeHaqy na ce cne aaanmsapa~eaHrreneKTyanHeonepaqajc MO-
ry n o ~ e ~ r l k i j a naaraxosarrki,
~o y s e f i e ~mna ManeM npoqemy, y cnaKoM y 1 ~ 6 e ~ a -
KY, 2lJll.l ki y CBaKOM 3aXTeBy. Y TOKY MCTpa>l<HBaI%a Ce AOIUJIO A 0 3aKhyYKa aa Ce
 lTE)JArOUlKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 9-10 (2002), t-loet~Cajl

~ a j e n s~aax ~~ e e o~ ~a j en o ~ e w q a j a n ~aKTanapana
o caMo j e ~ n aMtrreneKTyanHa
onepaqaja seii yneK narrre ELMX, TaKo ,qa je y a ~ ~ e p n p e ~ a rpesysrrxra t~ja yseK 614-
no peqH CaMO 0 O H O ~H H T ~ J ~ ~ K T Y ~ ~ O J ~IHI o~ J~ ~ I J K
HO JHJ ~Ce, y oJJpefjCH0~SaXTeBy,
n o ~ e ~ q a j a nrfajsemhe
~o aaraxyje, r e je y TOM c ~ a c n ya H ~ ~ ~ O M H H ~ H Tn Ho ~Mr ~n ~- .
HaHTHocT s a x ~ e e a 3a , ~ o j ce
e npeTnocranha na Mory aHraxoBxra onpe$e~reMH-
TeneKTyanHe onepaqaje, p a s n a s a ~ aje on Y I J ~ C H H Kno ~ yu6erla~a, rurro je, y ame-
caoj Mepa, 6ano ycnoBmeao a 6 p o j e ~a ~ a n a s a p a ~ anaTaH,a, x ana a ~ S ~ ~ C T O M
yLreHaKa.
C a n p x a j ~cy, npeTexHo, npanaro$eaa npocclranM y11eeam~IaMaa y siajue-
tie^ 6pojy cny11ajeea npencrasfieHa y + O ~ M M ~ O T O B M Xs ~ a n a q, a ~ ce e ~ M T H M ~ ~
~MafiLyJeM O ~ Y ~ H O CMTHOrMM YcleHMIl,MMana HCKa>KyC B O CTBapanaLIKC ~ ~ cnoco6ao-
CTM - na a c ~ p a x y j ya nposanase. Y J C ~ H O M6pojy nornanma a canp>~ajeax qene-
Ha, n o j c n a ~ ey r ~ 6 e ~ on~epeiiyje
a~e o6ame ~ ~ l + o p ~ a aq rrojejxatroc~a~ja ~ o j a ~ a
ce l ~ e n o ~ p e on~epeiiyjy
6~0 ycreaaqa M yyamasajy on o c ~ o e a a xaneja .reKcTyanHax
$4 BaHTeKCTyaJIHHX KOMnOHeHTH YCMepeHMX Ha Y B O $ ~ H , C reHepaJS~3al[kija.
AHanasoM canpxaja je ~ a ~ o no~rep$eao be Ra je c a s ~ a j ocaoBa
~a nojcnm~ax
y r ~ 6 e ~ asame
~ a , Hero LLITO je .ro rIoTpe61i0, ynpoceseaa. 3 a ~ 614 o 6ano n o ~ p e 6 ~ 0 ,
y qamy passoja cTBapanasKor a KpeaTaBHor Mmmmeka, ~ H ~ T HBMIIIC O npo6ne~a-
TM30BaTki HeKe 3aAaTKe M Ha Taj HaYAH BOJJMTII MHCaOHy aKTMHHOCT yqeElHKa Ka
C J I ~ X ~ H H ~ MMCaOHI4M
I~M ISpOIJeCHMa IIyTeM KOflKpeTHMX MMCaOHMX OnepaIJ~ja,
y ~ m y ~ ~ y j ynpe
i i a , ceera, aaanasy, camesy, atranorajy a svxe eneMewe a ~ n y ~ q a j e
H n e n y ~ q ~ jHae . ~ a HawH
j 614 cagpxaj y s , 1 6 e ~ a ~saacTa
a npencTasmao "EIHCT~Y-
MeHT TparaKa, o n ~ o c rrpoIranaxeELa
~o s a a n a ~ o j cy a ,<ayKleriaKa HOB^" (%op$e-
s a h 1997 : 41).
H a p o ~ r a ~roManane
o UeTaJLa, Kao LLITO cy p a s ~ a~ a 6 e n a p ~n pa a ~ a s anpo- ,
qeHTM, 6poj CTaHORHHIIlTBa no rpanOBMMa, ryCTPSHa HaCeJbeHOCTM, M 3 B 0 3 - yB03...Id
TaKO naJhe, Bone Ka H ~ I I o T ~ f~ l~eHc o~ ~p ~ nMqCYBMLIIHOM ~j~ ~ a 6 p a j a h y n. o ~ p e 6 -
HO je nuwe cTasJbam aKqeHaT Ha C Y U I T M H C K ~n o j ~ o M~ nonehe e a ~ e j e~ o j YKICHH-
e
qa ~ p e 6 a j yc a m na o ~ ~ p a jHa y . 6 ~ c M~M oTO o ~ o r y i i a n no~pe61ro
~, je saxTeee
nOCTaBJbaTM y BMAy 11po6ne~a, MaKe MJlM BMlIIe TeIUKMX. T H MCe~C H ~ X H HyTHKle ~ ~
Hi3 aHTaXOBaELe HHTeJleKTYaJSHMX ortepaSJll,ja yKIeHMKa.
Harrre HcTpaXasaIf,e je noKasano na aliana3apa~ay u 6 e ~ a q aa ~ a j ya no-
6pax CTpaHa. CanpXaja OCHOBHOr TeKCTa Cy ISpCTeXHO KBanHTeTHH, anbi MM HCnO-
c ~ a j eaneKBaTHa RaflaKTHsKO-MeTOnHIIKa ar1apaTypa. B e k a ~ ay 4 6 e ~ a ~CaflpXe a
s a x ~ e acnpen
~e a n a asa rnanHor TeKcTa n e ~ l t a j eIIITO , RoDaTHo cTMMyname yse-
Hme, ycMepaBa BHXOB pan a no 11o~pe6anpaiia Ha npeTxonHe canpxaje, ycMepa-
Ba MACaOHY aKTABHOCT Y llpaBlly onpe$eH~xKapaKTepEiCTkiKa K0ja Msnase I43
oKeHpa "CYBHX" Krti~eHaqa a saxTesa nocMaTpahe, ~ o ~ n a p a q t i j aaanmy y, a no-
HouIeKe cynoBa a 3 a ~ m y q a ~ a .
3. TOKOMa s a n a s a p a ~ ~c a ~ ~ p x a yu6eHrnKa
ja a s n ~ o j c ~ rcyn yr;l6e~aqm~ o j a
,QI.IPeKTHO~IIykyjyYqeHLfKa Ha nOJJ;1TH)' JIMTePaTYPY.
Y OKBMpy yIJ6eHHKa pa3peflHe HaCTaBe, CaMO y nBa Y I J ~ ~ H E ICKy ~AaTa
OCHOBHa YnyTCTBa ELHXOBO ~ 0 p ~ L U h e hKaO e , H rpy6e Ha3HaKe AOnaTHe JIHTepa-
Type KOJY YqeHllsll MOry na KOpHCTe.
Y OKBHPY UleCT y u 6 e a a ~ a[IpCflMeTHe HaCTaBe, CaMO y flBa y u 6 e ~ a ~CMO a
Hauna 3 a x ~ e K~ Oe ~ M Mce~ yLreaaqHyrrykyjy Ha npyry naTepaTypy.
 M ~ a j y h ay BMAY nepaon pasnoja + o p ~ a n ~ o - n o r a sonepaqaja ~~x Kana ce
passqa ancTpaKTHo Msrumehe, n o ~ p e 6 a oje BHme n a x B e nocBeTaTm sxmew
3BOpHOM CKnOny 3HaBa, jep O H 0 I3Majy Beha YYMHaK y MHTeJIeKTyaJIHOM pa3~0Jy
YseHMKa. TaMe 614 Y I J ~ ~ H E InOCTaO K 3HElViljHklj~C@KTOP BHTeJIeKTYaJIHOr pa3BOja
yseHmKa M y cKnany ca IrponepeHaM ~ e o p a j a y~sae n a m paseoja joru jac~enenosao
Ha ' $ 3 0 HapenHOr
~ ~ pa3B0jaHytleHHKa. Taeo KOHqPinHpaH yIJ6eHaK HCTOBpeMeIIO
npaTa HHTeAeKTyanHy s p e n o c ~yrer-rx~aa nocneruyje neH p a s ~ o j .
4. @ y ~ ~ qy1~6er-rn~a ~ j a y ~ o r y i i ealc.raempa%y
~ KsanuTeTa s H a m je 6ao
cne~etifi~ s a n a ~ aHamer.~ tqc17paxmafia. Hn O C H O B ~aurmuae pe3ynLua~XaucLupa-
HcuanH,a o @ ~ H K U I LOJC LH IO G H O L U I C ~ ~ C K L yv6e~urca
LX y i i o i i i e u ~ l u j a n ~ oaf i~ T a ~ o s a -
~ , y~ ~ ~ A U L ~ Lrc~anuii?eGa
L I Z L L X a ~ a ~ b fai ,u x e ~ u3 a ~ ~ t . y ~ u Cga L I uje ilociilus~beunxu-
iioaesn i i o i i s p g e ~ a .
IIpm ~ M B J I M ~c M a ~ p l ~ aCBMXj a a ~ a n a 3 a p a ~ ~a xI , I ~ ~ HjeMyoLleHo K ~ na nocroja
KBanMTaTMBHa PasJIHKa y 3aX'reBMMa y CMlnCny ~ o ~ ~ C H ~ M J aKTEzBMpa%a ~ J I H O ~ HeKOr
o,q KsanaTeTa si-raraa,6e3 o63apa na nH cy Ha rroLle.rKym a Ha ~ p a j yn e ~ q ~ janM e,
,L(a He nOc~0Jl.iKBaJIMTaTMBIIa pa3JlMKa KaAa Ce ynOpeflC f l 0 6 l 4 J e ~pe3ynTaTH ~ Meby
3ajqarm~y 1 ~ 6 e ~ a q pa3peu~e a~a m npenMeTHe HacTaBe. P e s y n ~ a ~McTpamanaBa a
K 0 J l l Ce O~tIOCeHa KBanKTe'l' npeTll0CTaBJbCHMX 31-laha yLleHMKa,I I ~ O J ~ K T O B ~ H y MX
OCHOBHOIIIKO~CKMM~ I J ~ C H L I IlIOKa3yJy ~ ~ M ~ Ua Cy:
- 3HaFba i i p e i i 0 3 ~ ~ 6 a ~ y > l0npebeHoj
l, MepH, RHElI~MpaHaM CTMMynHCaHa HCnpeqM-
3 H O @OPMYJIMC~H~.~M YBOflHHM 3aflal(PIMa, ROK HeKM 3aUaI(tr CBOJMM 3aXTeBklMa
y c ~ e p a ~ ayLreHMKa
jy Ha rro13aBaabe a ~ + o p ~ a q m , imnvr a , npeTxouHax neeqaja,
- rnenar-lo y qenxHn, altanmsa s a x ~ e ~ y ay u 6 e ~ a q ~n o~~aa s y j e,qa cy y1~6ea~qm
ocHonHe IrrKone, ~ a j r ~ o r o ~3a ~ ~n ao ~
j ne ~ q i t j a naHra>Kosane
~o a ~ a ~ peiipogyrc-
ba
L4,14]e ( S H ~ T HBMllIe,O Her0 OCTaJIPiX KBanMl'eTa 3Hal.ba). T o ~ He ~ J B M UflOnpMHOCe I~
HenerIrro +opn~ynncaam saxTeBa, on ~ o j a xcy HCKM npeTeulKn 3a ycreHaKa, na
MY ~e oc~a~.n,ajy H M I I J T ~jtpyro ,qo acK.ibyI1eH.e m3 paua Mne yLrene TeKcTa Hana-
MCr. TMMC ce IlOKa3aJIO fla ~ I J ~ ~ H M I J MHeJJoc~ajy M ~ 3aXTeBM K O J H M ~Ce MCTMCIe
cymTui-raj e n ~ eHayKe.
- y ~ I J ~ ~ H M I @ IMafiCr M ~ HMBOa p e n p o f l y ~ q ~flMnaKTMsK0-MeT0flaLIKa
je anapaTypa
o ~ o r y h y j ena ce c ~ o p oHa cBaKo nMTane Moxe ~ ~ p o ~ aoi~irao ~ a p a j y ionrosop ia
y OCHOBHOM TeKcTy. CBe TO ruro je ~ e s a 3a ~ oHasobefie Ha penpogy~qvrjyyny-
iiyje ycreHaKa, o , q ~ o c Haeoua ~o ra aa p e n p o ~ y ~ ym j e a noHaB.iba npociaTaHo 6e3
meuaba y TeKCT, HajtleIIIhe Ca B ~ ~ On 0 M3 0 M ~a3YMJhHBOCTMJlpOVHTaHOI' CaRp-
maja.
- f l p u f i e r - b e ~ O < f i e p I l & ~ ~3HNbe.
~O P ~ ~ Y J I T ;aHaJIM3e
~ T L I canpmaja yIJ6eHkl~ay qe-
JIkIHcl, noKa3yJy Ra, TeK ~ C A HTpehPJHa ~ aHaJIM3HpaHHX je,JJkiHMIJa ~ O T ~ H L ( H J ~ ~ H O
a ~ r r a > ~ ynjpem ~ e r + e ~ o - o n e p a ~ as e~~aab aYaneaaqa . je na je j c n a ~6poj Hamax
y 4 6 e ~ rlpeTpnaH~ ~ a nonarimMa y OKBMPY K O ~ R Xce He M H C B C T C I ~~a ~ y~m$ahyHe-
KHX ~ e 3 M a onaoca, saMe 611 s a x ~ 6e ~~ n~~a o ~ n n e ~ cM ~TaKo a j a~ ~ o 6 a Ha n a Te-
XMHM. Pasnor sa TO j e c ~ eLIITO Hem ayTopM Hawax y1.16e~a~a jom yeeK Mano
m ~ c n c ~ a p a Ha j y npxMeHa cTeseHor s ~ a y ~npaeca, a HenosoJbHo ynyiiyjy yLIeHa-
Ke Ha yosasa%e y3poq~o-nocncna~1~ax ~ e 3 a~ e h nyo j a e a ~ aa npoqecma.
- J e ~ x ~ r n qaHanmsee ~ o j ecy n o ~ e ~ q ~ j a n~ ~~ o~ t ~ ~ pya norneuy j y h e crmqafia
cLusapanaltrcoT S H ~ H M~ U M C, ~yoxreae H M y j c n a o ~yr,16e~a~y, TaKo Ra TH nouaqm,
 nEQArOUIKA CTBAPHOCT, XLV111,9-10 (2002), Hoen Call

MaKO je 6 ~ n Iol p e ~ ~ M $ eMCTpaXHBaBeM, ~o HHCy H H IIpe3eHTOBaHM. Hal11 Hana3

n o ~ a s y j ena ce yseHaqma He npyxa n o e o ~ b ~MoO ~ Y ~ H O C T M sa M ~ I - ~ O L U CBO-
~H,~
J M X MMIIIJbe~aI? CTaBOBa 0 3anaT0~TeMH, He n a ~ eHM Ce LIIaHCa n m c ~ y c ~C j ay
UpyrMM YYeHMqHMa, sMMe Ce HenOBOJbHO yTM1ie Ha KBaJlHTeT 3HaI+a, HXrOBO
~ p a j a n eM ~ p a ~ c + e p oh. ~ y To je n o y s n a ~mHnnKaTop Ra HalLIM ya6e~nr[mHe
noce~yjycee n o ~ p e 6 s~aex ~ e s e3a passoj cTsapanaLrKors ~ a n KOA a ylIeHMKa.
5. Y ~ ~ p b ~ s +ayna e~ q a j ecanpxaja y 1 ~ 6 e ~ m Kao~ a~ o r y h e cpatsropa
r aHra-
XOBatta CeH30PHMX, IIP;lKTHTIHMXM M ~ ~ ~ X ~ J HC IMI OXC O ~ H O C T Hje 6140 LfeTBpTM3a-
UaTaK Hamer mcTpaxMsaIca.
XM110Te3a je WaCMJIa: Y1.16e~uq~ OCHOBHe LIIKOne Cy y @yHK~l?jHMoryiier
aKTMBMpabZl CeHSOPHMX, IIpaK?'MLIHMXM M~palti~jHkl~ C~OCO~HOCTM.
Ha octtooy y o 6 ~ 4 j e ~ upe~yniliuiliax uccLlpa~uontbaA o x e A o aatc~hyltuiliuya
je iiociliao~hettuxuiioilir3a o i i o l l l e ~ u u j a ~ 1+~Y Io- I K ~ U ] L Lyy6e~urcay att2amooar~y
eettaoptt~~x, i i p a t c i l i u ~ ~ut tU~S~~ I I N I C L E J HCUUX O C U ~ F L O C iioiilcpbettn,
~~~LL MaKO He y o ~ o j
MepM KonMKo cy n o ~ e p $ e ~npeTxonHe e x ~ n o ~ e sAKOe . ce M M y~ B M ~ Y0 6 m ~~CJIM-
Haqa a ~ a n ~ ~s eo j a ce ~ an o ~ e ~ r t ~ j aa ~~~r a~ no ~ pMHvreJlewyanHe
ajy o n e p a q ~ j eM

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Uiice

TEXTBOOK IN THE FUNCTION OF PUPIL'S INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT

Summary

Textbook as a source of knowledge and the mean of conveying knowledge, with

specially presented scientifical contents. It is particularly interesting for pedagogics, be-
cause it has always had great pedagogical value, either as a mean of communication in
teaching procedure or a book with strong educational influence on young generations.
X a ~ Eojonuh:
a YUEEHMK Y QYHKUIIJM MHTEJIEKTYAJIHOr PASBOJA YYEHHKA

Textbook is an important factor in forming many-sided personality. At the same

time it has a polyvalent function in optimal intellectual development of a pupil, although
in the past there were opposite reflections about textbooks on the whole as there was in
the ~ v s t e mFrenea.
Bearing in mind the abundance of questions considering investigation and resear-
ch in different functions that textbook can have in educational system, the author draws
his attention on the potential influence of the contents of primary school textbooks on pu-
pils' intellectual development.
In order to solve theoretical ~roblemsof research, the author discusses different
fields of adjacent sciences (philosophy, psychology and pedagogics) which have to de-
scribe objectively and systematically, the importance and role of the textbook in pupils'
intellectual development, which enabled better view of the functions of textbook in the
light of contemporary philosophical, phsychological and pedagogical theories as well as
current didactical theory of human orientation at the end of the X X ' ~century.
This theoretical background enabled certain definitions of central notions of this
article: the textbook and intellectual development. Bogoljub Prokid's definition of a tex-
tbook is accepted. It emphasizes that a textbook is "...only one source of knowledge ...
which enables gaining knowledge, develop pupil's abilities such as sensor and practical
as well as expressive and mental, as the highest peak of a human soul" (Prokic, 1982:7).
Intellectual development is defined according to Rubinstain and it considers psychologi-
cal process of establishing functional relations among internal conditions which are intel-
lectual operations (observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis, making judgement and
conclusions) and sources of knowledge as external cause (textbook) (Rubinstain,
1981:19,21).
After defining the objective, problem, goal and task of the research, the article
presents the results of the research.

Key words: textbook, intellectual development, quality of knowledge, sensor,

practical and expressive abilities, potential influence, extent of using textbook

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