T O U R I S M P L A N N I N G P R O C E S S

-ongoing process that must keep up with the changing character of the world & of the destination area

5 ESSENTIAL STEPS IN TOURISM PLANNING PROCESS

1. Background-analysis phase (Situational analysis)

(Identification of Tourism System)

The first step in the tourism-planning process is a situational analysis that provides the basic
direction for the succeeding steps.

National Tourism Policy must first be considered and interpreted before establishing a
national tourism plan. Tourism policy goals are usually classified into four: economic,
consumer/social, resource/environmental and government operations.

The background analysis should produce an inventory or listing of the area's tourism resource
components.

COMPONENT SUB-COMPONENT

NATURAL Landscapes/Geological resources

FEATURES topography, soils, sand dunes, beaches, caves, rocks & minerals,
fossils
unique features
Climate-seasons
Water resources-lakes, streams, waterfalls
Flora-forests, flowers, shrubs, wild edibles
Fauna-fish & wildlife
Scenery-combinations of all of the above

HISTORICAL & Historic buildings, sites

CULTURAL Monuments, shrines
FEATURES Cuisine, Ethnic cultures
Industry, government, religion, etc.
Anthropological resources
Local celebrities
Performing artists-music, drama, art, storytellers, etc.
Craftsman and artisans

TOURIST attractions
OPERATIONS & accommodations
FACILITIES food service
events

HOSPITALITY information centers

SERVICES reservation systems
commercial stores & services (banks, retail stores)
Infrastructure-transportation roads, airports, railroads, harbors &
marinas, trails & walkways

HUMAN population & work force

RESOURCE ethnic community
attitude toward tourism

employment/unemployment
GENERAL industries
SOCIO- economic conditions
ECONOMIC social problems

land ownership
PRESENT LAND planning & zoning regulations
USES future growth & development

The next step is a description of existing tourism demand in the destination area using
readily available secondary or published sources of information.

The final step in the background analysis is a review of the major strengths, weaknesses,
problems and issues within the destination areas existing tourism industry.
2. Detailed research & analysis phase

Research should be concentrated in four distinct areas: resources, markets, activities and competition.

The first step in the resource analysis involves the preparation of maps identifying the location of major
resources. The last stage is the resource classification ranking or grading of the scope of appeal of the tourism
resources of the destination area.

Activities - includes all the things the tourist can do while visiting the destination area.

The detailed research analysis can assist in identifying the most competitive destinations, their individual
strengths and weaknesses and the steps to be taken to make the subject destination area unique among its
competitors.

3. Synthesis phase

This is where major conclusions regarding previous work are formulated.

It is one of the most creative and important steps in the process.

The first step in the synthesis phase is the preparation of position statements. The position statements
indicates where we are now with respect to development marketing, industry organization, awareness
and other support services.

The second step is to determine where we would like to be or the desired future situation. It is useful for
the destination area to verbalize these desired states in terms of tourism development, marketing, industry
organization, awareness and support services.

4. Goal-setting, strategy selection, and objective-setting

If tourism is identified as a means of serving broader community goals, it makes sense to develop plans
with more specific tourism development objectives. These are generally defined through a continuing process
in which various groups and organizations in a community work together toward common goals. A local
planning authority, chamber of commerce, visitors bureau, or similar group should assume a leadership role to
develop an initial plan and obtain broad involvement of tourism interests in the community. Public support for
the planning process and plan is also important.

Having a good understanding of tourism and the tourism system in your community is the first step
toward defining goals and objectives for tourism development. The types of goals that are appropriate and the
precision with which you are able to define them will depend upon how long your community has been
involved in tourism and tourism planning.

In the early stages of tourism development, goals may involve establishing organizational structures
and collecting information to better identify the tourism system in the community. Later, more precise
objectives can be formulated and more specific development and marketing strategies evaluated.

Once the planning goals have been set there are various approaches or strategies that can be employed to
achieve them.

5. Plan development

The last step of the tourism planning process is the development of the plan. The plan includes the action
needed in achieving the objectives, implement the strategy and satisfy the planning goals.

Successful tourism planning and development means serving both tourists and local residents. The bulletins in
this series stress the importance of a market orientation for attracting and serving tourists. This market
orientation must be balanced with a clear view of how tourism serves the broader community interest and an
understanding of the positive and negative impacts of tourism development.

Remember, tourism should serve the community first and the tourist second. Tourism development must
be compatible with other activities in the area and be supported by the local population. Therefore, the
tourism plan should be closely coordinated with other local and regional planning efforts, if not an integral part
of them.