Professional Documents
Culture Documents
College of Nursing
S.Y. 2016 2017
Submitted to:
Maam Jesusa Gabule, RN MAN
Clinical Instructor
Submitted by:
Castro, Shaira
Paderanga, Ma. Elyza Allene N.
BSN 3 NB
September 16, 2016
A. DISEASE CONDITION
The thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. It is located at the
front of the neck just above where your collarbones meet. The gland makes the
hormones that control the way every cell in the body uses energy. This process is
called metabolism.
(Brunner & Suddarths) Some thyroid glands are nodular because of areas of
hyperplasia (overgrowth). no symptoms may arise as a result of this condition, but
not uncommonly these nodules slowly increase in size with some descending into
the thorax, where they cause local pressure symptoms. Some nodules become
malignant, and some are associated with a hyperthyroid state. Therefore, the patient
with many thyroid nodules may eventually require surgery.
B. PREDISPOSING/PRECIPITATING FACTORS
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Sex
The female-to-male ratio is 4:1. In the Wickham study, 26% of women had a goiter,
compared to 7% of men. Thyroid nodules are less frequent in men than in women,
but when found, they are more likely to be malignant.
Age
The frequency of goiters decreases with advancing age. The decrease in frequency
differs from the incidence of thyroid nodules, which increases with advancing age.
Familial Goiter
Genetic marker (TG, MNG-I)
Geographic Areas
PRECIPITATING FACTORS
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter. The body needs iodine to
produce thyroid hormone. If you do not have enough iodine in your diet, the
thyroid gets larger to try and capture all the iodine it can, so it can make the right
amount of thyroid hormone. So, a goiter can be a sign the thyroid is not able to
make enough thyroid hormone. The use of iodized salt in the United States
prevents a lack of iodine in the diet.
Overgrowth of normal thyroid tissue. Why this occurs isn't clear, but such a
growth which is sometimes referred to as a thyroid adenoma is
noncancerous and isn't considered serious unless it causes bothersome
symptoms from its size. Some thyroid adenomas (autonomous or
hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules) produce thyroid hormones outside of your
pituitary gland's normal regulatory influence, leading to an overproduction of
thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
Thyroid cyst. Fluid-filled cavities (cysts) in the thyroid most commonly result from
degenerating thyroid adenomas. Often, solid components are mixed with fluid in
thyroid cysts. Cysts are usually benign, but they occasionally contain malignant
solid components.
Chronic inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis).Hashimoto's disease, a thyroid
disorder, can cause thyroid inflammation resulting in nodular enlargement. This
often is associated with reduced thyroid gland activity (hypothyroidism).
Multinodular goiter. "Goiter" is a term used to describe any enlargement of the
thyroid gland, which can be caused by iodine deficiency or a thyroid disorder. A
multinodular goiter contains multiple distinct nodules within the goiter, but its
cause is less clear.
Thyroid cancer. Although the chances that a nodule is malignant are small,
you're at higher risk if you have a family history of thyroid or other endocrine
cancers, are younger than 30 or older than 60, are a man, or have a history of
radiation exposure, particularly to the head and neck. A nodule that is large and
hard or causes pain or discomfort is more worrisome in terms of malignancy.
C. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
G. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/120034-overview#a6
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000317.htm