DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURES

UNDAMPED AND DAMPED VIBRATION

Problem Set No. 1

Prepared by:

MAR CHRISTIAN M. MARTILLANO

MSCE-Structural Engineering
Student No: 2016190006

Submitted to:

ENGR. GILFORD B. ESTORES

Professor
 1. Assuming the beam to be massless, each system can be modelled as an SDOF system with the
vertical deflection due to the weight W. the beam has length L and flexural rigidity, EI. Analyze the
two beams below.
a. Derive the equivalent stiffness (k) in terms of EI, L, and W.
b. Assume that the weight W at the midspan of the beams is due to man with W = 500 N. At midspan,
the man oscillates at a frequency of 2 Hz. If the length of the beam is 2.0 m, estimate the flexural
rigidity (EI) of the beam.
c. Using the data in letter b, if an initial displacement of -2 cm at the center was applied and then
released, plot the displacement vs time of the displacement, assuming a damping ratio of 5%.

Solution:

a. Using Double Integration Method

For Simple Beam

Wx L
EI y ' ' =
2
W x (1)
2 ( )

2
L

EI y ' =
Wx

2
W x ( 2 ) +c (2)
1
4 2

3
L
EIy=
Wx

3
W x ( 2 ) +c x+ c (3)
1 2
12 6

when x=0, y=0equation 3, c 2=0

3
L
when x=L , y =0equation3, 0=
WL

3 (
W L
2 ) +c L c = W L 2

1 1
12 6 16

3
L
EIy=
Wx

3
W x ( 2 ) + W L x(4) 2

12 6 16

The deflextion at midspan can be solved equation 4, x=0.5 L

 3 3
L W L L
EIy=
W
2

2 2 (
3
L WL WL WL
+ c1 =
3
=
3
y=
)W L
3

12 6 2 96 32 48 48 EI

The equivalent stiffness, k is :

W 48 EI
k= = 3
y L

For Fixed Beam

Wx L
EI y ' ' =
2 (
W x M A (1)
2 )

2
L
EI y ' =
Wx 2

W x ( 2 ) M x +c 1 (2)
A
4 2

L 3
EIy=
Wx 3

W x
2

(
M A x2 )
+c 1 x + c2 (3)
12 6 2

when x=0, y=0equation 3, c 2=0

when x=0, y ' =0equation 2,c 1=0

L 2 L L 2
L
when x= , y ' =0equation2, 0=
W ( )
2

W
2 2 ( )
L
M A M A =
WL
2 4 2 2 8

3
L
EIy=
Wx 3

W x ( 2 ) WL x (4) 2

12 6 16

The deflextion at midspan can be solved equation 4, x=0.5 L

3 2 3
L W L L
EIy=
2
W

2 2

WL
L
2
=
(
W L3 W L3 W L3
= y=
)W L3
12 6 16 96 64 192 192 EI
 The equivalent stiffness, k is :

W 192 EI
k= =
y L3

b. Flexural Rigidity of the Beam

500 N
W =500 N m= =50.97 kg
9.81 m/s 2

f =2.00 Hz .

rad
f= , =2 f =4
2 sec

=
k
m
k=m 2=8048.54
N
m

For Simple Beam

3
48 EI kL
k= 3
EI = =1,341.43 N . m3
L 48

For Fixed Beam

3
192 EI kL
k= 3
EI = =1335.36 N . m3
L 192

c. Figure shown below is the plot of the response of the center of the beam (for both simple and fixed)
subjected to an initial displacement, v(0) = 20.0mm, with zero starting velocity. =5.0

n t
by using equation :v ( t )=v (0)e cos ( t )
 20

15

10

0
Displacement, v(t)
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

Time
Note: Charts for simple and fixed beam are the same, since they have the same given frequency.

2. The structural frame shown has a rigid and is rigid jointed at both ends of the three columns. The
mass of the structure of 5000 kg is concentrated at the top. The columns are 3.0m long and each has
an EI = 4.5x106 N-m2. The structure has a viscous damping (h) of 4%. Model the structure as an
SDOF shear building.
a. Calculate the undamped dynamic properties (f, T, and ).
b. Calculate the damped dynamic properties
c. The top was displaced to the right by 25 mm and then released. Compute the displacement,
velocity and acceleration after one period. Plot the displacement as a function of time for at least
three periods.
d. Using the plot in c, determine the damping ratio (h) using the log decrement method. Compare
with the given h.

a. Undamped Dynamic Properties

 6 2
m=5000 kg L=3.00 m EI =4.5 x 10 N . m

12 EI N
k =3 =6.0 x 10 6
L 3
m

n=
k
m
=20 3=34.641
rad
sec .
2 1
T n= =0 .181 sec . f n= =5.513 Hz .
T

b. Damped Dynamic Properties

=4.0

rad
D =n 1 2=34.613
sec .

2
T D= =0.182 sec .
D

1
f d= =5.501 Hz .
TD

c. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration after one period

at one period ,t=0.182 sec.

v ( 0 ) =25 mm

displacement , x ( t )=v (0)e t cos ( D t)

n

x ( t )=( 25 ) e(0.04 )( 34.641 )( 0.182) cos [( 34.613 )( 0.182 ) ]

x ( t )=19.440 mm

velocity , v ( t )=v ( 0 ) sin ( D t ) D e t + v ( 0 ) cos ( D t)n e t

n n

v ( t )=( 25 ) sin [ ( 34.613 ) ( 0.182 ) ] (34.613) e(0.04 )( 34.641 )( 0.182 )

+ ( 25 ) cos [ ( 34.613 ) ( 0.182 ) ] ( 0.04)(34.641) e(0.04 )( 34.641 )( 0.182)

v ( t )=26.937 mm/ sec.

acceleration , a ( t )=v ( 0 ) cos ( D t ) 2D e t 2 v ( 0 ) sin ( D t ) D n e t

n n
 2 2 n t
v ( 0 ) cos ( D t ) n e

2 ( 0.04 )( 34.641 ) ( 0.182 )

a ( t )=( 25 ) cos [ ( 34.613 ) ( 0.182 ) ] (34.613) e

( 0.04 )( 34.641 )( 0.182 )

2 ( 25 ) sin [ ( 34.613 ) ( 0.182 ) ] (34.613)( 0.04)(344.641)e

2 2 ( 0.04 ) ( 34.641 ) ( 0.182 )

( 25 ) cos [ ( 34.613 )( 0.182 ) ] (0.04) (34.641) e

2
a ( t )=23,253.70 mm/ sec .

30

25

20

15

10

Displacement,
0 v(t)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
-5

-10

-15

-20

-25
Time

Figure shows the plot of the displacement of the frame subjected to an initial displacement, v(0) =
25.0mm, with zero starting velocity, as a function of time.

d. Damping Ratio using the Log Decrement Method

ln = T D ,

n T D (0.04 )(34.641)(0.182)
=e =e =1.286
 ln
h .= =0.04003
2

The value of damping ratio using Log Decrement Method is higher than the given damping ratio, .