Tamar jojua

inglisuri emfaturi konstruqciebis (emfaza) tipebi da

funqcionireba

komunikaciis process TiTqmis yovelTvis Tan axlavs komunikantTa emociebi.

rac ufro mniSvnelovania sasaubro Tema da saubris saboloo Sedegi, miT ufro
wonadia rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi Seferilobis matarebeli emociaTa
faqtori. Aam faqtoris roli Semdegnairad gansazRvra cnobilma frangma
lingvistma S. balma:imyofeba ra mosaubre emociurad daZabul
mdgomareobaSi da rodesac is gansakuTrebiT dainteresebuli imiT, rom
partniori Tavisi saubris gavlenis qveS moaqcios, rogorc wesi is sakuTar
metyvelebas afeqtur Seferilobas sZens, vinaidan afeqturi saubari-
saukeTeso saSualebaa daarwmunos sakomunikacio partniori misi piradi
azrisa da Sexedulebis sisworeSi. (bali, 2003: 255)

komunikaciis emociuri Seferiloba da eqspresiuloba garkveulwilad

ganpirobebulia emfaturi saSualebebiT, romelic moicavs rogorc gramatikuls
ise leqsikurs, rig SemTxvevebSi ki orives erTad. Eemfaturi konstruqciis
(emfaza) meSveobiT xdeba winadadebis romelime wevris (gamonaTqvamis
romelime elementis) aqcentireba. Eemfaza enaSi aZlierebs azris
gamoxatvisas emocias, nebelobas. is yvelaze ufro xSirad gvxvdeba mxatvrul
literaturaSi, oratorul da sagazeTo-publicistur stilSi, arc Tu ise iSviaTad weriT
metyvelebis iseT saxeobebSi rogoricaa samecniero da oficialur-saqmiani stili
romelTac ar axasiaTebT eqspresiuloba. (amosova, 1999: 103-104).
emfaturi modelebi ar ganixileba rogorc sametyvelo normidan raime
gadaxveva an darRveva.Ees lingvisturi movlena sruliad kanonzomieria
eqspresiuli da emociuri metyvelebisaTvis. Eemfaturi modelebis funqcionireba
ganpirobebulia imiT rom, gramatikul formas gaaCnia rogorc denotaciuri
mniSvneloba (mniSvnelobis formis mTliani moculoba, misi eqspresiul-
emociuri Seferilobis gamoklebiT), aseve konotciuri-formis subieqtur
mniSvnelobaTa mTeli rigi (eqspresiuloba, emociurobis efeqtis intensifikacia).
inglisur enaSi metyvelebis eqspresiulobisa da emociurobis xarisxs
ganapirobebs arsebuli emfatur konstruqciaTa farTo speqtri daMmaTi
specifiuroba, es zog SemTxvevaSi arTulebs orginalSi teqstis gagebasa da
Targmans. (galperini, 2000:119-124)
Eemfazis gamoxatvis erT-erT yvelaze ufro farTod gavrcelebul saSualebad
gvevlineba emfaturi (gamaZlierebeli) zmna do, xazs usvams Semasmenels da
winadadebas met emociurobas aniWebs. Mmag.,

And you know I do like you most awfully. I mean, Ive never met anyone whos a patch on
you. .( Maugham, Theatre)

emfazis erT-erT saxeobaT miCneulia inversia(sametyvelo, zepir enaSi,

winadadebaSi sityvebis Cveulebrivi ganlagebis SesaZlo darRveva). misi
meSveobiT xdeba gamonaTqvamis erTi an ramdenime elementis gamoyofa,
siswrafisa da dinamiurobis efeqtis Sesaqmnelad da winadadebebs Soris ufro
mWidro kavSiris Seqmna. Mmag.,

With the experienced actresss instinct to fit the gesture to the word, by a movement of her neat
head she indicated the room through which she had just passed.( Maugham, Theatre)

inglisur enaSi EgamonaTqvams eqspresiulobas aniWebs ukuqceviTi

nacvalsaxelic Mmag., My father himself never visited, and never allowed the men under
him to visit a native camb unless permission was asked of the chief or the head of the group
(Gilmore., Flora).

emfatur konstruqciebs ganekuTvneba of +piris nacvalsaxeli obieqtur

brunvaSi. Mmag., It was very stupid of her-----She thought. .( Maugham, Theatre) da
e.w. Condensed Relative (mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli what qvemdebarul an
damatebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi). Mmag.,

I should hate to be an actor if thats what you mean .( Maugham, Theatre)

emfazis gamoxatva xdeba formaluri qvemdebaris- It-is meSveobiT. Mmag.,

It was the first that any woman in the family had gone into a festival. (Schumacher ,Reunion)

formaluri qvemdebare It xSirad gamoiyeneba zmnasTan uaryofiT formaSi

kavSirebTan till/until. Mmag., It wasnt till years after the operation that I realized it.
(Schumacher.,Reunion)

mxolod wlebis Semdeg operaciisa me es gavaanalize.

rogorc vxedavT miuxedavaT imisa rom winadadeba uaryofiT formaSia,

gamonaTqvams mTlianobaSi ar gaaCnia uaryofiTi azri, es ki mas ufro met
emfaturobas aniWebs.

Ekonstruqcia not until yovelTvis gamoxatavs emfazas. Mmag.,

It was not until about 1911 that a first really successful theory of atomic structure was suggested
by Rutherford.(Wikipedia)

uaryofiTi konstruqciebi meti emociuri muxtisa da eqspresiulobis matarebelia

vidre mtkicebiTi. Aamas ganapirobebs is, rom uaryofis lingvisturi kategoria
didi logikuri mniSvnelobis matarebelia. winadadebaSi uaryofa
Cveulebisamebr daismis zmnis piriani formis win, xolo rodesac is gvxvdeba
winadadebis sxva wevrebTan ---qvemdebaresa da arsebiTi saxeliT gamoxatul
damatebasTan, maSin eqspresiuloba ufro Zlierdeba. (mixelsoni, uspenskaia,
1995: 143)
Mmag.,

Not only did I violate the clan code by visible nonconformity but I was mentally and invisibly
rebellious.(Poter, First Love)

He never gave a hint, no glance even betrayed, that he was her lover. .( Maugham, Theatre)

inglisuri enis winadadebaSi dasaSvebia erTi uaryofa. Oormagi uaryofa

mxolod sintagmaturad gamoiyeneba. isini cvlian formis denotaciur
mniSvnelobas da aneitraleben ra erTmaneTs, qmnian opozicias---- mtkicebiT
mniSvnelobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi erTi uaryofa gamoxatulia gramatikuli
saSualebiT, xolo meore ki uaryofiTi prefiqsebis an uaryofiTi mniSvnelobis
matrebeli sityvebis daxmarebiT. ormagi uaryofis SemTxvevaSi winadadeba
azrobrivad mtkicebulebas gamoxatavs. mag.,

I didnt dislike him. I made use of him. He could tell me a lot of things that I wanted to know. .
( Maugham, Theatre)

You can hardly say that your father doesnt exist. ( Maugham, Theatre)

ritorikuli kiTxviTi forma warmoadgens mtkicebulebas da Tanac

emfaturs. Mmag.,
"Isn't it a bit unnerving that doctors call what they do 'practice'?"
(George Carlin)
"If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice?" (Billy Corgan)
"Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"
(H. L. Mencken )

emfazis gamoxatvis kidev erT farTod gavrcelebul saSualebas warmoadgens

parcelacia----gamonaTqvamis an misi romelime nawilis wertiliT gamoyofa.
Ggamoyofili SeiZleba iqnes elipturi winadadeba an erTi sityvac ki. Aarc-Tu ise
iSviaTad parcelirebuli elementebi qmnian jaWvs sadac TiToeuli maTgani
gancalkavebulia wertiliT an sxva sasveni niSniT, mag. kiTxviTi. mag.,

No tool of any kind bites on them. No rude hands can be laid upon these ommortals. No
chemical analysis can tell you their composition. No biology unfold their ancestry or relate the
story of their evolution. ( W. Dixon., The Human Situation)
What will I do while youre gone? What will the kids do? What will they think? his voice
warbled. (Schumacher,Reunion)

winadadebaSi eqspresiulobis efeqti miiRweva Semdegi zmnizedebis

meSveobiT: really, literally ,awfully, absolutely, simply, for sure. Mmag.,

Its awfully kind of you. He gave his clothes a troubled look. I am absolutely filthy.

( Maugham, Theatre)

I really dont trust him.

He literally wrecked his mothers car.
She simply ignored my request. ( Emphatic forms - ESL Resources .)
Michael is going to take revenge, for sure.
abstraqtuli da nivTierebaTa aRmniSvneli arebiTi saxelebi eqspresiulobas
iZenen im SemTxvevaSi roca maTi gamoyeneba mravlobiT ricxvSi warmoebs.
Mmag.,

The snows and frosts of an Arctic winter killed.(Teaching and Learning Languages.)
A thousand pardons were produced when she made a mistake. (Teaching and Learning
Languages.)
Eemfazis gamoxatvis gansakuTrebul models wrmoadgens windebuli at +
kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli absolutur formaSi+ zedsarTavi aRmatebiT xarisxSi.
Mmag.,

AAfter such terrible rain their newly harvested corn was at its worst condition. ( Emphatic forms
- ESL Resources .)
inglisur enaSi emfazis gamoxatvis leqsikuri, gramatikuli da leqsikur-
gramatikuli konstruqciaTa mdidari arsenalis Seswavla-analizi da maTi
klasifikacia gauadvilebs enis Semswavlelebs inglisuri metyvelebis adekvatur
aRqmasa da Targmnis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebis warmatebiT
gadalaxvas.

literatura
1amosova, 1999- .. ,
. 2. 8.
2.bali, 2003- . , . .:
3.galperini, 2000- .., .:
. .,.
4.mixelsoni, uspenskaia, 1995- . . , . . --

5. diqsoni, 1968-W. Dixon., The Human Situation
6. moemi, 1997---W. S. Maugham, Theatre.
7.poteri, 2004----H. Poter, First Love.
7. SumaCeri 2000----J. Schumacher, Reunion.
8.jilmori, 2004-M. Gilmore, Flora.

Tamar Jojua
Types of English Emphatic Constructions (Emphaza) and Their Functioning
Summary

The article deals with the lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical expressive means of the
English Language.

To make a sentence prominent there are different expressive means in English: emphatic do,
inversion (when a word or a word group is put in any abnormal position), the reflexive
pronoun,Of + the personal pronoun in the objective case, at + the possessive pronoun in the
absolute form+ the adjective in the superlative degree, constructions with the anticipatory
it,negative constructions with conjuctions till/until, constructions with double negation. The
so-called repetition group are another emphatic means to make a sentence prominent, the effect
of exspressivness is gained with the help of such adverbs as really, literally ,awfully, absolutely,
simply, for sure. A rich spectrum of emphatic constructions and the peculiarities of their
functioning are analysed and classified in the given article. Better knowledge and comprehension
of these linguistic phenomena help English learners to improve both their understanding and
active use of English in real-time communication.