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Tabl e of C onte nts
Project Overview and Introduction 5

Project Intent and Program Summary 6

Living Building Challange 9

Climatic Data 12

Precedent Studies 15

Code Analysis 19

Systems Portfolio 27

1
2
INITIAL SECTION EXPLORATION

3
INITIAL FORM EXPLORATION

INITIAL PLAN & PROGRAM EXPLORATION

4
 PROJECT OVERVIEW &
INTRODUCTION
Project Introduction
This project is designed to provide for the intel-
lectual, physical, and spiritual needs of the citizens of
Hafencity as they live, work, and play. Program will be
created with these needs in mind in an energy-efficient
way.
Project Understanding
Anti-flooding precautions include a combi-
nation system of a 4.5-5 meter high sea wall, a prom-
enade that spans the distance between this and the
packed earthen plateaus beyond, that reach 8 meters
high and act as building pads. This system elevates
all building areas and roads 13 meters above sea level
to prevent flood damage from possible encroaching
waters. It is meant to take the place of other flood
preventative measures, such as the levee system found
in New Orleans, that so conspicuously failed during
Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
Other major design considerations should
include the connections that need to be formed and
reinforced between the current residents of Hafencity
and the nascent influx of tourist, as well as the con-
nection between mainland Hamburg and the adjacent
Hafencity island community.
Hafencity Topography. Source: Hafencity.com
Within the social-political realm:
Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany,
with a population of over 1.7 million people. Before
1871, and the unification of the German States, it was
a fully sovereign entity, with its own strong tradition of
self government. This attitude is manifest in its people
even today. In both the public and private spheres the
city is able to maintain its uniqueness of culture, avoid-
ing submission to the general trend of standardiza-
tion awash in the lands around them and throughout
Europe.
Within the economic realm:
Hamburg is located on the Elbe River, a geogra-
phy reality which has led to its being Germanys largest
port and commercial center. Dealings with many oth-
er nations and peoples occur daily due to both ongoing
prosperous material shipping routes and the tourism
trades. In fact, Hamburg was rated as the worlds 16th
most livable city in 2015 due to its notable tourism
attractions (2015 Quality of life Survey, Mercer.com).
Within the cultural realm:
Hamburg has become a media, as well as
industrial, powerhouse within Europe, hosting such in-
ternationally recognized companies as Airbus, Blohm
+ Voss, and Aurubis. It is also well know for its radio
and television broadcasting networks and its print
publication industry, prominent among them Gruner
+ Jahr, and Spiegel-Virlag. The city is also unusually
rich in museums, music, the visual and written arts.
Making a further pronouncement on Hamburgs cul-
tural realm is the Speicherstadt, which was declared a
World Heritage Site by UNESCO in July 2015 (Britian-
nica.com).
5
 DESIGN INTENT &
PROGRAM SUMMARY

Introduction then proceed down to the third story restaurant to

sample food grown in this way. Interspersed through-
The general design intent includes a regenera- out the building will be mixed retail spaces which will
tive aspect that Hafencity as an wholistic entity strives serve two major clientles 1) visitors exploring Hafenc-
to reinforce. According to WFC-Regenerative Cities: ity and tourists from the nearby cruise ship terminal
and 2) permanent residents of Hafencity.
Since the industrial revolution the process of urbanization The Urban Aquarium is envisioned as both a vibrant,
had become ever more resource-intensive, and it significant- desirable retail locale as well as a community node and
ly contributes to climate change, loss of soil carbon, natural
fertility of farmland, and the loss of biodiversity all over the meeting point.
world... Creating regenerative cities thus primarily means
one thing: Initializing comprehensive political, financial, Major Goals
and technological strategies for environmentally enhancing,
restorative relationships between cities and the ecosystems Programmatic Goals:
from which they draw resources for their sustenance.
The heart of the Site 4/5 Aquarium, and abso-
lutely essential to its success, is a clear development
Within these ideas on regeneration, an understanding
of its main programmatic elements, namely how
and pull from the previously outlines realms of in-
disparate elements will be linked physically and the-
fluence must be taken into account by the design. A
matically. Preliminary program calls for the creation
connection between the building and the water must
take place, as well as connections linking the large
influx of tourists, permanent Hafencity residents, and
the wider cityscape of Hamburg beyond. The design
should parallel the individualistic identity of its dis-
trict to further solidify the connection between the
permanent residents, while recalling the peculiarly self
contained nature of the city and region.

Vision & Mission Statement

The Urban Aquarium is a public/community focused

water themed destination which seeks to entertain,
of fife main program features: aquarium, hydroponic
educate, and serve patrons through a complimentary
station, appropriately developed retail space, theater,
array of spaces. The Urban Aquarium is organized
and a restaurant. Each component, if properly guided,
around, and visually focuses on a centrally located
reinforces the purposes of the others. The hydroponics
aquarium which is home to a diverse population of
station compliments the aquarium and its display of
exotic and ecologically significant marine life. Through
water flora and fauna. It furthers the mission of ed-
exploration of the aquarium complex visitors will
ucation about biology and sustainability. The station
learn more about the ecology of the Elbe River and
also fits nicely with the adjoining restaurant, providing
nearby North Sea, as well as more generalized marine
patrons with an opportunity to taste the produce of
environments. The themes of education and ecology
a hydroponics grow facility. The retail space will be
continue on the fifth story, where a hydroponics facility
developed to serve the needs of both temporary visitors
highlights the potential of city agriculture and locally
to Hafencity (i.e. cruise ship patrons) as well as major
grow produce. Visitors can tour the hydroponics grow
populations of permanent residents and workers.
house, learn about the technology of hydroponics, and

6
Placement & Context Goals:
Site 4/5 sits on a critical intersection in Hafenc-
ity. To the north and east is a particularly densely
populated section of the island, Uberseequartier. To
the south is the quay and its ship terminal. Movement
from the waterfront to other points of interest in Hafen
city and Hamburg city center beyond take one directly
through Site 4/5. Successful exploitation of the site
necessitates service of permanent residents and tempo-
rary tourists.

Passive Design:
The extreme northern latitude of Hamburg,
coupled with is chilly continental climate, mean
passive design problems will deal with heating over
cooling, enhancing sunlight rather than obstructing it,
and conserving energy rather than shedding it. To that
end, certain design decision are likely to further these
goals.
Conservation of energy suggests the ideal
shape of the building be a sphere or cube. and while
that is not usually practical, the closer the design ap-
proximates these perfect geometric shapes, the more
efficient it will be from the point of view of lowering
heating loads.

To that end, project development should favor massing

shapes which minimize the ratio of surface area to in-
terior mass. Of course, more cubic forms also present
livibility problems, namely air and light to circulation.
To further the goals of air ventilation and natural light
penetration one or more small atria may be impliment- rectly south of a planned park, Grasbrookpark. As one
ed into the heart of the massing. of the few open green spaces in Hafencity, the park can
be expected to gather a representative cross section of
the island, at least in good weather. Site 4/5 also shares
Program Summary frontage on Hubenerstrasse with the Lever Building,
one of the largest and most developed office complexes
The division between community and upper on the island. Expected traffic from this building alone
level componants to the program is the central orga- can be considered a constituency. And so, the commu-
nizational prerequisite of the project. The lower levels nity needing service includes tourists, residents, office
are given over to the needs of the community; but what workers, park goers, and any number of other sub-
is the community for Site 4/5? The identity of this groups.
group, as well as the definition of a communal compo-
ment, must be explored. Site 4/5 has numerous natural
constituencies, as has already been discussed. They
are the regular residents of Hafencity located through
the island, but predominantly to the north and east in
the Uberseequartier, and they are tourist migrating to
and from the ship terminal to the south. But there are
micro constituencies to be considered. Site 4/5 is di-
7
 Key Relationships &
Connections in Hafencity

8
 The Living Building Challenge
& Site 4/5
The Living Building Challenge (LBC) is the
manifesto of an age of architecture dedicated to the
advancement of buildings in connection to their place
within society and the environment. This architectural
philosophy challenges designers to create what is good
for people foremost, but also what is good for the en-
vironment, which, in the long term, will provide long
lasting benefits for human beings. It is the meshing
of habitats; it is a new understanding of what it is to
create based on a more nature-focused model. It is the
idea of a self-feeding system that creates net positive
energy outcomes.
In order to accomplish the ideals set out in the
LBC, seven petals or categories present themselves.
These are additionally broken down into subheadings,
which are referred to as veins or aphids.
1) Place: Integrated with the environment and sensi-
tive to natural systems, buildings and spaces need to
rely on food grown in local areas. Agriculture must
avoid extraneous transportation on its way to the table.
(a) Limits to Growth: Buildings can only be
constructed a certain prescribed distance away
from habitats such as dunes, wetlands, old growth
forests, virgin prairie, primary farmland, and
flood plains.
(b) Urban Agriculture: Projects must include
provisions for maintaining an amount of aerable
land to counter that which the new project de-
stroys, within the city environ.
(c) Habitat Exchange: For each hectare of devel-
opment, another shall be set aside elsewhere in its
natural state.
(d) Car Free Living: An emphasis shall be placed
on human powered transportation, such as bicy-
cles, walking, carts, etc... Interiors should encour-
age stair use instead of elevators.
2) Water: Mechanical systems will be tasked with re-
cycling and repurposing all kinds of used/waste water.
(a) Net Positive Water: The building must work
with natural water supplies on the site, collecting
run off if possible, and redistributing rainwater as
a substitute for ground water.
3) Energy: Design should only use clean, reusable,
and naturally supplied on-site energy sources.
(a) Net Positive Energy: The type of energy
mentioned above should not only fully supply the
project, but must also produce more energy than
the building consumes.
4) Health and Happiness: Healthy environments
should not be compromised due to design consider-
ations. Happy, healthy occupants are more productive
and have higher potential outcomes than those in
inattentively developed spaces.
(a) Civilized Environment: Spaces must have
working windows to provide clean air and day-
light.
(b) Healthy Interior Environment: Indoor air
quality is fostered by good design strategies and
the adherence to the appropriate ASHRAE stan-
dards.
(c) Biophilic Environment: The design must
encourage the interaction between the occupants
and nature.
9
5) Materials: Materials used should be environmen-
tally restorative, naturally obtained without destroying
habitat, health, and generally equity.
(a) Red List: A list of materials not appropriate
for use at any time due to their harmful nature.
disclosure of monetary investments.
7) Beauty: Inattentiveness to aesthetics transfers to
inattentiveness to environmental issues; when we do
not care about our built environments, we will not care
about our natural ones.

(b) Embodied Carbon Footprint: A full car-
bon full-print must be calculated for the project,
including the construction and demolition pro-
cesses.
(c) Responsible Industry: All wood must be
certified by the Forest Stewardship Council, and
must come from salvaged or locally obtainable
sources only.
(a) Beauty and Spirit: The design must incorporate
the celebration of place and what cultural, spiritual,
meaningful extensions exist within it.
(b) Inspiration and Education: Education about suc-
cessful designs or solutions will inform the public and
encourage the use of them elsewhere.

(d) Living Economy Sourcing: The issues ad-
dressed in each building must take into account
location, site, region, etc. and work towards the
betterment of these places in problem solving,
energy use, and economics.
(e) Net Positive Waste: During the building pro-
cess construction must strive to eliminate waste
and must recycle materials so as to not withdraw
a net amount of resources.
Hierarchy of the Petals within the Hafencity
Context
1) Health and Happiness: The design must encour-
age the interaction between the occupants and nature.
This fits in with our site and program focus, with the
sites proximity to the river as well as the programs key
elements. Aquarium, restaurant, and theater all sur-
round the occupants with local flora and fauna and a
general water motif.

6) Equity: Projects must foster a sense of community
regardless of demographics. Opportunities and in-
volvement must be presented equally for all people and
stakeholders.
(a) Human Scale and Humane Places: Projects
should encourage human sized (i.e. pedestrian
sized) interactions that promote encounters with
others and camaraderie between fellow occu-
pants.
(b) Universal Access to Nature and Place: Public
domains should be available to all demographics
and provide a beneficial environment to all.
(c) Equitable Investment: A portion of the cost
of each project shall be set aside for a charitable
organization.
(d) JUST Organizations: A see-all policy
shall be employed in organizations in order to
ensure fair treatment of employees and reasonable
2) Energy: This point takes advantage of on-site en-
ergy sources such as rainwater and wind to naturally
supply the building with its mechanical needs. In this
case, most of the water used for the aquarium exhibits
and the restaurants seafood supply can be gained from
on-site sources.
3) Equity: All points of equity can be realized in this
project, with a special focus on (a) human scale and
humane places and (b) universal access to nature
and place. The central programmatic aspects, such as
aquarium, restaurant, and theater will be available to
all demographics (fulfilling community requirements),
while the aquarium specifically will work to inspire
pedestrian traffic to migrate through the length of the
building and out of the other side, thereby connect-
ing the tourism population with the more permanent
residents of Hafencity. Both ends of the building will
accept visitors, facilitating a multicultural population
and allowing them to mingle inside.
10
4) Beauty: Both points of this petal could be utilized
in the design but (a) Beauty and Spirit has special
relevance. The utilization of the port, the tourism
trade, and the consideration of Germany and Ham-
burgs social, political, economic, and cultural legacy
have all lent themselves to the concept of the current
program and by extension the ultimate building form.
Examination of these elements, in combination with
the concept of bridging or connecting guarantee
a celebration of place and within it, sensitivity to its
culture and spirit.

5) Water: This petal is considered a primary one

because of the sites proximity to the Elbe River, the
extensive use of water as a programmatic element and
the opportunities to utilize these conditions in a sus-
tainable way on-site.

Source: Living Building Challenge SM 3.0 (A Visionary Path to a

Regenerative Future). International Living Future Institute, 2014.
living-future.org

11
 Climatic Data/Research

Sun Path Profile for December 21

Sun Path Profile for June 20

Sun Path Profile for March 20

Source: Suncalc.net
12
Original Orientation Building Foot
Building 18 degrees Pad and
Pad North of aligned Vehicle
East is Traffic
Ideal for Around
Optimal and
Solar Heat Into
Gain Site

Primary Highlighted Highlighted Reduced

Wind Area Sees Area Sees Footprint
Direction the Most Sun Light Allows
Highlighted Sun from only from for
(SW) the South 5pm to 8pm Space to
Side in the Design
From 9am Summer the Skin
to 3pm in Later
the Winter

Building Footprint Building

Form of Building Form
Aligns Exists Reflects
with within Pedestrian
Passive Reduced and
Consid- Area Vehicular
erations Traffic

13
14
 PRECEDENT STUDIES
Hamburg Science Center
in Hafencity
Rem Koolhaas, OMA
Obvious precedent for the Site 4/5 Aquarium
lays a mere 1000 ft. to the east in the Uberseequartier
section of Hafencity. Here OMA and principal archi-
tect Rem Koolhaas have envisioned a large 250,000 sq.
ft. multi-faceted Science Center. Among the pro-
grammed spaces will be numerous exhibition halls,
a theater, and subterranean aquarium. The overall
appearance of the proposed design is ambitious in
its presentation, conceived as an interconnected ring
of rectilinear spaces. Its height (at nearly 75 meters)
and its proximity directly on the Elbe River make it
an imposing sight, especially for those approaching
Hafencity from the waterfront. Undeniably, some of
the major programmatic features of the OMA Center
are shared on Site 4/5. However, the treatment of these
features, and their ultimate importance and role are
made distinct and unique.
Shared Features
The most salient connection between the OMA
Science Center and the Site 4/5 project is the presence
of an aquarium. Both projects feature the aquarium
as a architectural space, one designed to accentuate
underlying ties to the nearby waterfront and harbor.
And yet, whereas OMAs design has the aquarium
pushed under the building, acting as a dazzling com-
pliment to the entry sequence, Site 4/5 will showcase
the aquarium as an end unto itself, taking it out of the
basement and giving it a prominent place in the build-
ings scheme. Study of OMAs design discovers that the
principle reason for being of the Science Center can be
found it its numerous Exhibition spaces. Spaces higher
up in the design, with more advantageous placement in
the structure, are best interpreted as halls for the dis-
play of temporary exhibitions. Whereas, the aquarium,
with its placement below ground level, does not inter-
act with any other features of OMAs program. Indeed,
other than its interplay with the foyer, it is significantly
detached from the rest of the building. And, although
the aquariums placement below ground level is clev-
erly exploited in the exterior treatment of the project,
its purpose seems to be more of a mood enhancer and
than as a truly functional piece of the building.
Disparate Purposes
The Site 4/5 program utilizes the aquarium as
not only a key feature of the program of the building,
but also as an organizing principal for architectural
treatment of the facade and building shape. Here the
aquarium as an idea will shape the remaining features
of the building, and will dominate 1/3 to 1/2 of the
entire interior volume of the project. OMAs choice of
massing, a vertical ring, makes programmatic hierar-
chy impossible. Circulation throughout such an exotic
building will be difficult, if not cumbersome. The Site
4/5 Aquarium design intends on having a more logical
and efficient floor plate.
15
BMW Welt
in Munich
COOP HIMMELB(L)AU
Opened in 2007, BMW Welt houses a
multi-functional museum and visitors center for
BMW AG, whose headquarters are located on-site. A
sprawling 270,000 square feet in the heart of urban
Munich, BMW Welt in composed of two main com-
ponents: the interactive visitors center and the muse-
um. Both provide distinct but relevant lessons for the
development of the Site 4/5 Aquarium.
Welt
The visitors center is dominated by a large,
open chamber, housing the main avenues of circula-
tion as well as secondary areas dedicated to displays
of automotive technology as well as small shops. The
great height of the ceiling and overall volume of the
hall creates the sensation of being in a covered outdoor
market, the main traffic way then being the street. Al-
though there is a clear hierarchy of space, giving cues
to each places relative importance, the overall feeling
is quite informal, coaxing the visitor to slowly mean-
der between the countless exhibits. This approach to
organization and treatment of volume can be appropri-
ated for the Site 4/5 Aquarium. A large central volume
might be developed which, instead of automotive
exhibits and car themed shops, will host a range of
aquatica and water themed cafes and shops.
The materiality of the visitors center was pur-
posefully chosen, panels of brushed aluminum and
glass cover every possible surface except the floor. The
architects clear intention is to mimic the composition
of an automobile, with its many metal body panels and
glass windows. The aesthetic effect nicely compliments
the purpose of the building as well as its interior con-
tents. When choosing materials for the Site 4/5 Aquar-
ium similar considerations may lead designers to chose
coverings which mimic those of natural waterscapes.
Perhaps instead of brushed aluminum panels designers
may wish to chose materials which are reminiscent of
sand or shimmering water.
Museum
The museum component presents several inter-
esting structural and pragmatical solutions. Limited
space on the urban site presented designers with a
challenge. How to present BMWs automotive history
in both a historically satisfying and logical way? Space
restrictions meant laying out the museum vertically,
with many smaller levels. In a organizational presen-
tation reminiscent of Wrights Guggenheim Museum,
designers laid out the museums many displays around
a gently descending circular ramp. Exhibits are placed
on lily pad like concrete protrusions adhered to the
outer ramp, jutting out into open space. The effect is
striking in its use of concrete and vertical supports,
as well as the interaction of solid and void within the
body of the cylinder shaped structure.
The museum, with its lily pads and ramp,
presents a visually striking solution to the problems
of moving patrons comfortably and logically around
a exhibition space, as well as a formal response to the
problem of arranging small exhibition spaces within a
vertically oriented volume.
16
Primorsky Aquarium
in Vladivostok
OJSC Primorgrajdanproekt

At the request of the Russian Academy of Sci-

ences this massive facility is being built near the Pacific
Russian port of Vladivostok. Part of a large and diffuse
research and interactive facility, the Primorsky Aquar-
ium will serve as the focal point and public face of the
Russian Academys presence on the coast. As massive
building at 380,000 square feet, it will house marine
species from every major ecological system, but espe-
cially those from surrounding waterways. Freshwa-
ter and saltwater tanks will host an array of exhibits,
including interactive presentations.
buildings purpose. The Site 4/5 Aquarium may sim-
ilarly seek to find design cues in the formations and
structures of marine life. Structural elements and plan
layouts may mimic and echo salient marine themes,
perhaps to a more subtle effect than at Primorsky.
As well as being a showcase for exotic animals
and their environments, Primorsky also showcases lo-
cal animals from adjacent rivers and seas. The aquaria
are presented in diverse ways, from larger tanks home
to ocean going species, to smaller accessible tanks
which provide children and adults with an opportunity
to interact with the water. Primorsky has an element
of grandeur and scope impossible, or at least imprac-
tical, to replicate on Site 4/5. But a great deal of its
spirit, as an interactive educational experience, can be
replicated on Site 4/5.

Key Features
The Primorsky Aquarium displays a number of
interesting precedents with exploitable possibilities for
the Site 4/5 Aquarium. First, from a purely aesthetic
viewpoint the designers of Primorsky have chosen
to echo an aquatic theme through their use of a clam
shell design element. Indeed, the entire appearance of
the building is that of three intersecting clam shells,
forming an undulating roof structure. This is a clear
example of taking design cues from building program.
As well as being interesting architecturally, the clam
shells give patrons not so subtle exposition as to the
17
AquaDom at SEA LIFE
in Berlin
UNION INVESTMENT GmbH

The Berlin Aquadom is a one million liter tank

of water and living animals which forms the capstone
experience to the larger SEA LIFE Aquarium Complex.
Situated in a large interior atrium, part of an hotel
lobby adjoining the main aquarium, the Aquadom is
a 75-0 eleveated cylinder of water, the largest in the
world. The cylinder is hollow, allowing a single eleva-
tor shaft to pass through it.

The unique structural arrangement of the tank

allows patrons to view it from all angles, no possible
vantage is wasted. A heavy concrete plinth and struc-
tural slabs allows the aquarium to be elevated 25-0 off
the lobby floor, making the already emense volume of
water seem even more ponderous. Patrons can expe-
rience the aquarium from within via a cylindrical glass
elevator, as well as from a networks of catwalks above.

Lessons
The central lessons taught by the Aquadom are
ones of presentation. By manipulating the environ-
ment in which the aquarium is viewed, the designer
can emphasize such features as size, and material
uniqueness. As astonishing as the tank is, the true
work of design is more readily displayed in the me-
dia through which it is seen. The visual impact of the
tank within the atrium can be altered through lighting
changes, which can significantly alter patrons percep-
tions of the feeling and texture of the water, as well as
the atrium as a whole.

18
 CODE ANALYSIS
Proper application of the International Building Code (IBC) was crucial to the development of the building.
Everything from the structural skeleton, to program development and floor plate configuration are determined in
concert with code analysis. The first step in this analysis is the determination of Occupancy Types which indicate
legally acceptable building dimensions. The six main occupancy types, determined as a function of program de-
velopment, are indicated below. The structural system and cursory building layout indicate a Building Construc-
tion Type 1-A. The intersection of these factors will ultimately shape the possible area and height of the building.

19
 CODE CONSIDERATIONS what kind of fire protection must seperate occupany
types within the envelop of the building. Without
The Confluence Building has a complex pro- adequate fire ratings separate occupanies cannot be
gram and occupany use scheme. Floors 1 & 2 host considered separately, and must be understood as one
retail tenant spaces as well as serving as an assembly space. Due to the presence of a generally open floor
and viewing area for the main aquarium spaces (occu- plate design, several multi-story openings, and glazed
pancy uses M & A-3). Floor 3 has a public restaurant interior partition wall, adequate fire rating between oc-
and commercial kitchen on its west end, and addition- cupancies cannot be acertained. Therefore, the build-
al assembly spaces on its east end (occupancy uses A-1, ing must be considered a Mixed Occupancy-Nonsep-
A-2, A-3). Floor 4 is dedicated to multiple office spaces arated space. Table 503 must then be used to find out
(occupancy use B). The 5th Floor has two large green- maximum story and area perameters for each occupa-
house facilities, as well as low intensity laboratories ny type, then the most retrictive of each determinant
(occupany codes U and B respectively.) The remaining will be selected as a final result.
rooms on each floor plate are considered Accesso-
ry Occupanies (like adjacent, dedicated hallways or
mechanical spaces) or Incidental Occupanies (like the
generator room, fire pump room, or general electrical
or mechanical spaces). In both cases the service spaces
are small enough so as to be considered part of a main
occupancy.

Consideration for the Confluence Building, as a

mixed use building, must take into account the spacial
orientation and construction methods and materials
present to determine how to compute allowable height
and area (as determined in Table 503 of the Ohio
Building Code). Table 508.4, shown below, delineates

Source: Ohio Building Code

20
 (M) - Mercantile

(A-3) - Assembly
FIRST FLOOR

(M) - Mercantile

(A-3) - Assembly
SECOND FLOOR

21
 (A-2) - Assembly
(A-3) - Assembly

(A-1) - Assembly
THIRD FLOOR

(B) - Business

FOURTH FLOOR

22
 (U) - Utility & Misc.

(B) - Business
FIFTH FLOOR

Analysis of Results Building Type

Group Type 1-B
Stories Area
Most occupancy types allow for a full range of out- A-1 5 Unlimited
comes, as determined by program restrictions. How- A-2 11 Unlimited
ever, the presence of greenhouse spaces on the 5th A-3 11 Unlimited
floor (Occupancy type - U), necessiates further fire- B 11 Unlimited
proofing to partition this use type from the rest of the M 11 Unlimited
building. According to Table 508. a fire rating of at U 5 35,000
least 1 hour must be provided for all spaces adjacent to
the hydroponics greenhouses. This prevents the use of The precence of a Automated Sprin-
conventional glazing and other low fire resistant mate- kler System allows for additional
rials. as is common on other interior partitions. Spe- height of 20-0 and 1 story.
cial care must be taken to fireproof mechanical chases
leading to and through the greenhouses.
After separating the greenhouses from the rest
of the buildings occupancy the restricting perameters
are as follows:
Total Area:
Total Height:
Unlimited for Occ. uses exc. U
160-0 (basis Type 1-B restriction) + 20-0 (sprinker
Limited to 35,000 for U
allowance) = 180-0 Total Height

Stories:
5 stories (most restrictive occ. use) + 1 (sprinkler al-
lowance) = 6 Stories

23
Number of Exits for Inte-
grated Floor Plate
Ohio Building Code Tables 1004.1 and 1015.1, among
others, establish the Occupancy Load and required
number of exits for particular loads.
In the case of the Fourth Floor, the plate is divided into
4 tenant spaces. The maximum occupancy loads are
listed in the table below. Table 1015.1 of the OBC in-
forms us what spaces require more than 1 exit. Occu-
pancy loads for use type (B) must be no more than 49
occupants per considered space. Only the tenant space
of 5,580 SF requires more than 1 exit per this parame-
ter. However, all four spaces have two exists. Foresight
should be used in planning the number of exits for any
declared space. Future re-purposing of spaces may
result in larger or smaller occupancy areas, occupancy
types, or allowable single exit occupancy loads. The
interplay of these factors can all come into play when
accessing how many exits are required. In order for a
floor plan to be considered flexible it must be able to
accommodate reasonable changes to its division and
use, without requiring significant renovation.
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Source: Ohio Building Code

25
 FIRST FLOOR
FIRST FLOOR
COMMON-PATH-OF-EGRESS TRAVEL:
Section 1014.3 of the International Building
Code (IBC) specifies a maximum travel distance of
75-0 (unless otherwise specified) from any point
in the building to a location with multiple points of
egress. A point of common egress travel is described
as a locale having two distinct paths to exit. In the
event of fire, or any other emergency requiring build-
ing evacuation, patrons must have distinct and sepa-
rate options for leaving the building in the event that
one route becomes obstructed.
By using a double hallway circulation scheme
and open floor plan, no point in the building is more
that 75-0 from a means of common egress. The omit-
tance of dead-ended hallways and unnecessary circula-
tion space aids in meeting this goal. Also, by limiting
the depth of the buildings tenant spaces to 45-0 an
acceptable distance to common egress is more easily
maintained. Exits are located on all principle sides of
the building.
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Systems Portfolio

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