UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

JAMAICA
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & COMPUTING
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE
LECTURE 13

AI The Present & Future

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AI -- The Present
Definition:
AI is the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior.

Common Applications of AI in Business

o EXPERT SYSTEMS
o NEURAL NETWORKS
o GENETIC ALGORITHMS
o INTELLIGENT AGENTS

70% of the top 500 companies use AI as part of decision support.

Expert System

o A rules-based system that attempts to duplicate human reasoning and logical

deduction.
o Captures expertise from a human expert and applies it to a problem.

Components of an Expert System

o KNOWLEDGE BASE - stores the domain expertise.

o INFERENCE ENGINE - processes the domain expertise and your problem facts
to reach a conclusion.

Neural Network

o A matrix of simple processors that work together to solve certain types of

problems.
o A neural network can be 'trained' to solve certain problems through many
repetitions - these often involve some kind of pattern recognition.

Some applications of neural networks:

o Distinguishing different chemical compounds

o Detecting anomalies in human tissue that may signify disease
o Reading handwriting
o Detecting fraud in credit card use

Genetic Algorithms

o programs that mimic evolutionary, 'survival-of-the-fittest' processes to generate

increasingly better solutions to a problem.
o Genetic algorithms produce several generations of solutions, choosing the best of
the current set for each new generation.

1 Prepared by Janett Williams

August 2006
o Genetic algorithims involve a program re-writing parts of its own code in a form
of learning.

Intelligent Agents

o Agents are programs that can do repetitive work for you.

o An intelligent agent can learn about you and about the task it is performing.

Intelligent Agent Can Perform Tasks Like

Acting as a personal electronic assistant to collect, send, and prioritize electronic

information such as e-mail.
Finding and retrieving information from a database.
Finding and retrieving information across networks.

Data Mining

Normally the structure of a database determines the patterns that can be elicited
from the data.
Data-mining involves joining dissimilar databases (with different structures) and
using AT techniques to try to detect new patterns that may have emerged.

AI -- The Future?
What About Real Machine Intelligence?

Do AI processes model human cognitive processes?

Is 'sentiency' a result of the mechanism? Or is something 'extra' needed?
What is the criteria for intelligence? How would we recognize it?

We had better find answers to these questions and quick!

3 factors that will lead to real AI:

Continued development of CAD/CAM, expert system and genetic engineering

programming techniques.
Ever faster computer processors, memory and communications.
Reverse engineering of human brain.

What About BioInfomatics?

2 Prepared by Janett Williams

August 2006