Integumentary System

Learning Target I can create a model and use it to discuss the function of the integumentary
system.
Proficiency Descriptor Definition
4 Proficient I can create a model and use it to discuss the functions of the integumentary
system.
3 Developing I can compare and contrast the structure and function of the epidermis and
dermis.
2 Basic I can define the anatomy and physiology of each accessory structure of the
skin.
1 Minimal I can document the general functions of the skin.
0 No Evidence No evidence.

P116-126
You may also use http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/integumentary#full-description as a resource

List the general functions of the skin

Provides protective covering
Helps regulate body temperature
Retards water loss from deeper tissues
Houses sensory receptors
Synthesizes various biochemicals
Excretes small quantities of wastes

Where is the epidermis? Outer layer of the skin

What is the difference between the different layers?
The dermis is thicker than the epidermis and includes connective tissue consisting of
collagenous and elastic fibers, epithelial tissue, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue,
and blood.
What is the general function? Protection
Differentiate between thick and thin skin. Which layer?
Thick - Dermis
Thin - Epidermis
Which layer is most superficial?
Epidermis
What type of tissue do you find here?
Epidermis: Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Vascular or nonvascular?
Nonvascular
Where is the dermis?
What is the general function of the dermis?
What type of tissue is it comprised of?
Connective Tissue, Epithelial Tissue, Smooth Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue, and Blood
Vascular or nonvascular?
Vascular
Where is the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer? The last layer of the skin
What type of tissue? Adipose
What is its function? Insulation
 What cells are responsible for producing the pigment for skin color determination? Melanocytes
What is the pigment called that determines skin color? Melanin
Do you have a lot of this pigment or a little? How do you know? I have more because I have darker
hair
What determines how much you have? Hair color, where you live, environment, etc
What is the function of melanin? To protect against harmful UV rays

Describe anatomy and physiology of each accessory structure of the skin.

hair follicle
explain the purpose of the arector pilli muscle - when cold, makes hair stand up on
end
What is hair made up of? Kerotin
Where is hair not present? Palms of hands, soles of feet, lips, nipples
sebaceous gland
What does this produce? Sebin
what is the purpose for it? Gives hair nutrients
sudoriferous gland
What are the different gland types? Apocrine and Eccrine
What are their differences? Apocrine is present at puberty and produces smelly sweat
and Eccrine releases water and other waste
What type of sweat is produced by an eccrine gland? Water
Where is it usually found? Pores
What type of sweat is produced by an apocrine gland? Smelly sweat
Where is it usually found? Hair follicles

Explain why someone would call the skin a blood storage unit and how this relates to homeostasis. -
Blood goes there whenever is needed and can stay there as long as its needed
How does the skin regulate body temperature? Vasoconstriction and Vasodialation
What is vasodilation? When blood vessels expand and release heat through pores
What is vasoconstriction? When blood vessels constrict and make heat go to core because of being
cold

What are the characteristics of

a first degree burn? Red, irritated
a second degree burn? Wet, red, yellow, hurts the worst
a third degree burn? Charred, nerves are dead, no repair

If there was a cut into the dermis how would your body respond? (3 or 4 parts) - skin repairs itself
and melanin is pushed up through the dermis
A superficial epidermal wound is healed how? Rapid cell division
What type of cells are responsible for cleaning a wound? White blood cells

You will need to know the following:

epidermis
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum (when?)
keratinocytes
 Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
melanocyte
dermis
dermal papillae
subcutaneous layer
blood vessels
hair follicle
sebaceous glands
arrector pili
sudoriferous glands
eccrine
apocrine
adipose tissue