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Hello! We are the group 1

---Rozan Cabilatazan--- Patricia Micabalo---
--- Akaiko Gatoc--- Haironiza Ompao---
---Angelika Garcia---
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Integumentary system
 What is
Integumentary
system?
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Main functions of integumentary

system
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Functions…
Protection- Microorganism, dehydration, ultraviolet light,
mechanical damage

Sensation- Sense pain, temperature, Touch, deep pressure

Allows movement- Allows movement muscles can flex and body

can move

Endocrine- Vitamin D production by your skin.

Excretion- Water, urea, ammonia.

Immunity- Helps alert the body of pathogens

Regulate Temperature- By sweating to cool and shivering to warm

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Integumentary system

The main functions of the

Protects the body from integumentary system
the external are protection,
regulation, and sensation,
environment and works
cell fluid maintenance,
with other body systems
synthesis of vitamin D.,
to regulate internal and detection of stimuli.
processes.
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“
Major structures
include skin,
exocrine glands, hair,
and nails.
 skin
Skin is the largest and fastest growing organ in
the body.
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN….
- The skin covers the entire body and provides
protection against injuries, infection, and toxic
compounds.

- The system contains many nerve endings that

act as RECEPTORS for pain, temperature,
touch, and pressure.
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anatomy OF SKIN….

Epidermis

Dermis

hypodermis
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anatomy OF SKIN….
Epidermis (Epi- top of, dermis- means skin)
➜ Upper layer of skin
➜ Is composed of stratified squamous epethelial tissue
➜ Is multilayered.
➜ Contains is superficial layer of dead skin cells called
STRATUM CORNEUM.
➜ The stratum corneum is composed of cells called KERATIN.
➜ Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels)
➜ Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)
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anatomy OF SKIN….
Epidermis s
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anatomy OF SKIN….
Epidermis s

STRATUM CORNEUM- is the outermost layer of the epidermis and marks the final stage
of keratinocyte maturation and development.
STRATUM LUCIDOM-or "clear layer". This holds two or 3 rows of clear, flat, dead
keratinocyte that are only found in the thick skin of your palms and foot sole
STRATUM GRANOLUSOM-or the "granular layer" this contsins living keratinocyte that
are forming keratin
STRATUM SPINOSUM - or the "spiny layer" that closer into the cells regeneration or
mitosis is active. And it contains filaments that help them hold togeteher.
STRATUM BASAL- or the "basal layer" this is just a single layer columnar cells, but its
like a cell factory where most of that new-cell production happens.
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anatomy OF SKIN….
Dermis- Lower layer of skin
➜ Contains the Cutaneous glands, hair follicles, and most
of the skin nerve endings.
➜ Has two distinct layers:
1. Papillary Layer (more superficial)
2. Reticular Layer (deeper)
➜ Accessory organs begin the dermis.
➜ Some of the accessory organs end or cross into the
epidermis.
➜ The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve tissue.
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anatomy OF SKIN….
DERMIS
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anatomy OF SKIN….
DERMIS
2 TYPES OF LAYER:
*PAPILLARY LAYER- contains a thin arrangement of collagen fibers.
The papillary layer supplies nutrients to select layers of the
epidermis and regulates temperature. Both of these functions are
accomplished with a thin, extensive vascular system that operates
similarly to other vascular systems in the body.

*RETICULAR LAYER- is the deep layer, forming a thick layer of

dense connective tissue that constitutes the bulk of the dermis.
Collagen is the principal component of the dermis. Specifically, type I
and type III collagen are found in abundance. Elastic fibers also play
an important structural role within the dermis
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anatomy OF SKIN….
Hypodermis / Subcutaneous Fat and Superficial Fascia
➜ It contains the larger blood vessels of the skin.
➜ It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a form of connective tissue.
➜ Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial layer that covers the muscles beneath.
➜ a layer directly below the dermis
➜ Storing fat (energy storage)
➜ Protection (think buttocks and sitting on a hard chair)
➜ Attaching the upper skin layers (dermis and epidermis) to underlying
tissues such as your bones and cartilage, and supporting the structures
within this layer such as nerves and blood vessels.
EXOCRINE GLANDS
Sebacious Glands and Sweat Glands can be
found in dermis.
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EXOCRINE GLANDS
A gland that makes substances in our body such as sweat, tears,
saliva, milk, and digestive juices, and releases them through a duct
or opening to a body surface. Examples of exocrine glands include
sweat glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, mammary glands,
and etc.

2 MAJOR PARTS OF EXOCRINE GLANDS

- Secretory Portion
- Duct Portion
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1. The secretory unit -consists of a group of epithelial cells, which

release their secretions into a lumen.
2. A duct -is lined with epithelium and is involved in transporting the
secretions from the secretory unit to an epithelium-lined surface.
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-Produce sebum which is an

oil secretion that moisturizes
the skin and the hair. This
keeps your skin hydrated
and healthy.

-The sebaceous glands are

located in the dermis, the
middle layer of the skin, and
they develop from the
epithelial cells of the hair
follicle itself.
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Sweat Glands
-Produce sweat and that are found in the dermis layer of the
skin. Sweat glands are sometimes referred to as sudoriferous or
sudoriparous glands. These names are derived from the latin
word ‘sudor’ which means ‘sweat’.

-Help to maintain homoestasis,

primarily by stabilizing body
temperature.
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HYPERHIDROSIS
Excessive sweating is known as hyperhidrosis. Idiopathic
hyperhidrosis is the most common form. It is called idiopathic
because no cause can be found for it.
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ANHIDROSIS
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. When you don't
sweat (perspire), your body can't cool itself, which can lead to
overheating and sometimes to heatstroke, a potentially fatal
condition.
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2 types of Sweat Glands

1. Eccrine Glands
2. Apocrine Glands
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ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

The eccrine sweat gland, which is controlled by the sympathetic
nervous system. It releases sweat when your body temperature rises.
It occurs over most of our body and open directly onto the surface of
the skin.
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APOCRINE GLANDS
Apocrine glands releases sweat when body temperature rise and are
sometimes referred to as odoriferous sweat glands. It occurs into the
hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin. For example, they can
be found in the (armpits, mammary, anal, beard, and genital areas).
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Mammary Glands
-A gland located in the breast of
females that is responsible for
ligation, or the production of
milk. It only provide milk after
childbirth. During pregnancy the
hormones progesterone and
prolactin are released.
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Ceruminous glands
- produce earwax which keeps the outer surface of the
eardrum pliable and prevents drying.
- The two exocrine glands of the ear canal are the
sebaceous (oil) glands and sudoriferous apocrine
(sweat) glands.
 Nails
The nail is a platelike, keratinous, translucent
structure that consists of highly specialized
epithelial cells. The nail grows from a deep
groove in the dermis of the skin.
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Nails
The structures that define and
produce the nail (nail plate)
include the matrix (sterile and
germinal), the proximal nail fold,
the eponychium, the lunula,
lateral nail fold, and other parts
of nail that has function.
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Nails structures
Lateral nail fold
The nail is framed by the lateral nail folds
on the left and right side of it.

Body of nail
The nail body is composed of densely packed
dead keratinocytes.

Free edge of nail

The nail tip or free edge is the free part
of the nail bed and protrudes beyond the
end of the finger.
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Nails structures
Lunula
The lunula is the visible portion of the
distal nail matrix that extends beyond the
proximal nailfold. Eponychium - is the
thickened layer of skin at the base of the
fingernails and toenails.

Cuticle
is a layer of clear skin located along the
bottom edge of your finger or toe. This
area is known as the nail bed
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Nails structures
Nail plate (corpus unguis)
is the hard part of the nail, made of
translucent keratin protein.

Hyponychium
is the skin just under the free edge of your
nail.

Nail bed
is the skin beneath the nail plate. The
distal phalanx - provides bony support
for the nail bed and is fractured in 50% of
fingertip injuries.
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Nails structures
Root
the root portion of this nail lies below the
skin, underneath the nail, and extends
several millimeters into the finger. It
produces most of the volume of the nail
and the nail bed.

Nail matrix
is the area where your fingernails and
toenails start to grow. The distal edge of
nail
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Nails structures
Plate
The free margin (margo liber) or
distal edge is the anterior margin of
the nail plate corresponds to the
abrasive or cutting edge of the nail.
 hair
Hair is primarily comprised of a fibrous protein
and contains a very small amount of lipids (fats)
and water. Hair comes from follicles, which are
simple organs made up of cells called epithelial
cells.
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Hair structures

Hair is made up of
different layers and
structures. These
Follicle
are Hair root, Hair
Follicle, Hair shaft,
and bulb.
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Hair structures
Hair Root
The epidermis, as shown in
the diagram below, is the
outermost layer of the skin.
Follicle
Each hair arises from an
indentation on the
epidermis. Hair is made up
of two parts, the hair follicle
and the hair shaft.
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Hair structures
Hair Follicle
The hair follicle is
the point from which
the hair grows.
Follicle
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Hair structures
Hair Shaft
The part of the hair seen
above the skin is called the
hair shaft.
Follicle
The hair shaft is formed of
three layers:
-Medulla
-Cortex
-Cuticle
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Hair structures
Hair Bulb
-Forms the base of the hair
follicle. In the hair bulb, living
cells divide and grow to build
Follicle the hair shaft. Blood vessels
nourish the cells in the hair
bulb, and deliver hormones
that modify hair growth and
structure at different times of
life.
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Pathological Conditions
Abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions and objective or
subjective manifestations of disease, not classified as disease or
syndrome.

ABRASION

Scraping, or rubbing away

of a surface, such
as skin, by friction.
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COMEDO (Blackhead)

Discolored, dried sebum

plugging an excretory duct
of the skin

CYST

Closed sac or pouch in or

under the skin with a definite
wall that contains fluid,
semifluid, or solid material.
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ACNE

Inflammatory disease of
sebaceous follicles of the skin,
marked by comedos (blackheads),
papules, and pustules.

ALOPECIA

Absence or loss of hair,especially

of the head;also known as
baldness
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ECZEMA

Redness of the skin

caused by swelling of the
capillaries.

HEMORRHAGE

Loss of a large amount of blood

in a short period, externally or
internally
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CONTUSION(Bruise)

Hemorrhage of any size

under the skin in which
the skin is not broken

VITILIGO(Leukoderma)

Localized loss of pigment

characterized by milk-white
patches
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HIRSUTISM

Condition characterized by
excessive growth of hair or
presence of hair in unusual
places, especially in women.
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