POWER SYSTEM AND HIGH

VOLTAGE

BEKP 3653
SEMESTER 2 2016/2017
 LECTURER
Dr Aida Fazliana Abdul Kadir
POWER Room : A/1-2
SYSTEM Phone : 065552229
Email: fazliana@utem.edu.my

Azhan Abd. Rahman

HIGH Room:A-3/18
VOLTAGE Phone :065552364
Email: azhanrahman@utem.edu.my

ULearn @ UTeM Sem 2 2016/17:

BEKP 3653 POWER SYSTEMS & HIGH VOLTAGE
 RULES AND REGULATIONS
Be punctual to lecture and tutorial sessions. Penalty will
be charged for those who comes 15 minutes late...
Pay attention to the class, take notes when necessary
Silence all handphones
Do your homeworks!
Regularly check the e-learning (ULEARN) portal for updates
of lecture notes/assignments etc.
If dont understand,please ASK!! or yo can discuss later
during tutorial or other times (open door policy).
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this subject, the student should be able to:

Analyze the problems on power system regarding to power

flow, fault and power system stability. (PO2)
Identify the theory of breakdown in gases, solid dielectrics, and
fluid. (PO1)
Design and analyze the generation and measurement of high
voltage ac, dc and impulse. (PO3)
PRE-REQUISITE
BEKG2433 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, International ed., McGraw Hill,

2004.
2. Grainger and Stevenson Jr, Power System Analysis,International ed.,
McGraw Hill, 1994.
3. M S Naidu and V Kamaraju, High Voltage Engineering, McGraw Hill
2004.
4. E. Kuffel, W. S. Zaengl and J. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering:
Fundamentals, Newnes, 2000.
 SUBJECT EVALUATION

Assessment* Marks
Quizzes (PS) 10%
Test 1(PS) 10%
Test 2(HV) 10%
Assignments(HV) 10%
Final Examination
60%
(PS&HV)
Total 100%
DETAIL SYLLABUS AND DELIVERY
PLANNING
Weeks Contents
1 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
2 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
3 FAULT ANALYSIS
4 FAULT ANALYSIS
5 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
6 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
7 TEST 1
8 MIDTERM BREAK
9 CONDUCTION AND BREAKDOWN IN GASES
10 CONDUCTION AND BREAKDOWN IN GASES
11 BREAKDOWN IN SOLID DIELECTRICS AND LIQUIDS
12 BREAKDOWN IN SOLID DIELECTRICS AND LIQUIDS
13 GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
14 GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
15 TEST 2
16 STUDY WEEK
17 EXAMINATION WEEKS
 Revision
Per unit system
Per Unit System

Definition : a per-unit system is the expression of

system quantities (power, voltage, current &
impedance) as fractions of a defined base unit
quantity (instead of VA, volt, ampere, ohms) by
the equation:
actual quantity
quantity in per unit
base value of quantity

Main advantage : Calculations are simplified

because all quantities expressed in per-unit are
the same regardless of the voltage levels.
 Why using per-unit system ?
The main reasons are :
Similar apparatus (generators, transformers, lines) will have
similar per-unit impedances and losses expressed on their
own rating, regardless of their absolute size. )
Per-unit quantities are the same on either side of a
transformer, independent of voltage level (i.e. It would be
very difficult to continually have to refer impedances to the
different sides of the transformers. )
By normalizing quantities to a common base, calculations
are simplified.
Overall, the per unit system was developed to make manual
analysis of power systems easier.
BASE QUANTITIES SELECTION
Generally base values of power (Sbase) and voltage
(Vbase)are chosen. The base power (Sbase, Pbase, Qbase) may
be the rating of a single piece of apparatus such as a motor
or generator.
The base voltage (Vbase) is chosen as the nominal rated
voltage of the system. All other base quantities (Ibase, Zbase)
are derived from these two base quantities
Once the base power and the base voltage are chosen, the
base current and the base impedance are determined by
the natural laws of electrical circuits. (refer formulas in
chapter 2, Glover)
REMEMBER : BASE QUANTITIES HAVE NO ANGLE, ONLY HAVE
MAGNITUDE
actual quantity
quantity in per unit
base value of quantity
 PER-UNIT SYSTEM
Normally, we just pick the rated voltage & power
as base value: e.g. if Srated=10VA,
Vb Vrated then, we can select
the base power to
be:
Sb Srated Prated Qrated Sbase = 10VA
Pbase = 10Watt
Qbase = 10Var
Then compute base values for currents and
impedances:
2
Sb Vb V
Ib Zb b
Vb Ib Sb
 PER-UNIT SYSTEM
And the per-unit system is:
Vactual I actual
V p.u . I p.u.
Vb Ib
S actual Z actual
S p.u. Z p.u .
Sb Zb

Z % Z p.u. 100% Percent of base Z

PER UNIT SYSTEM FOR
SINGLE PHASE
 PER-UNIT SYSTEM FOR 1- CIRCUITS

One-phase circuits
Sb S1 VLN I Zone of
base 1
Zone of
base 2
where
VLN Vlinetoneutral
I Ilinecurrent
V1 V2
Vb1 VLN,1 Vb2 VLN,2
Sb Sb Note :
I b1 I b2 1= winding 1
Vb1 Vb2 2= winding 2
PER-UNIT SYSTEM FOR 1- CIRCUITS
2 2
Vb1 (Vb1) Vb2 (Vb2 )
Zb1 Zb2
I b1 Sb I b2 Sb
S actual
S pu V pu I pu
*

Sb
Pactual
Ppu V pu I pu cos
Sb
Qactual
Q pu V pu I pu sin
Sb
PER UNIT SYSTEM FOR
THREE PHASE
 PER-UNIT SYSTEM FOR 3- CIRCUITS
Three-phase circuits
Sb,3 3Sb,1 3Vb, LN I b, L
where
VbLN VbLL / 3
I I linecurrent I L (assume wyeconnection)

Sb,3 3VLL I L
Sb,3 3VbLL,1I bL,1 3VbLL, 2 I bL, 2
For low voltage winding
PER-UNIT SYSTEM FOR 3- CIRCUITS

Sb ,3 Sb,3
I b1 Ib2
3VbLL,1 3VbLL, 2
VLN ,1 VbLL,1 3VbLL,1 (VbLL,1 ) 2
Z b1
I L ,1 3 Sb,3 Sb,3

S3 3VL I L*
(VbLL, 2 ) 2
S3 , pu1 V pu I *pu S3 , pu2
Zb2 Sb ,3 3Vb I b
Sb,3 V2
Z *
S
 THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM

Change of Base

If the voltage base are

the same:
Example 1

21
Solution

22
23
 EXAMPLE 2
1 T1 2 3 T2 4
Line 1

220kV
G T3 T4 M
Line 2
110kV Load
5 6
The one line diagram of a three-phase power system is
shown in figure above. Select a common base of
100MVA and 22kV on the generator side. Draw an
impedance diagram with all impedances including the
load impedance marked in per-unit. The manufacturers
data for each device is given as follow:
G : 90MVA 22kV X=18%
T1 : 50MVA 22/220kV X=10%
T2 : 40MVA 220/11kV X=6%
T3 : 40MVA 22/110kV X=6.4%
T4 : 40MVA 110/11kV X=8%
M : 66.5MVA 10.45kV X=18.5%
LINE 1: 48.4
LINE 2: 65.43

3-PHASE LOAD : 57MVA, 0.6 PF LAG AT 10.45kV