HVDC Laboratory

BEE4273 High Voltage Direct Current & FACTS

SHAILESHWARAN A/L RADHA KRISHNAN (EC14014)

Abstract The modern form of HVDC transmission uses parameters for components in the circuit are set as state in
technology developed extensively since the first introduction of Table 2.1.
HVDC power transfer technology, various analytical models for
HVDC analysis and design have been developed. These modeling
move toward are mainly concerned with precise modeling of AC-
DC/DC-AC converters. In this report will explain a HVDC
transmission system that put up using MATLAB/SIMULINK and
its effect of variation of firing angle in HVDC rectifier.

I. INTRODUCTION

High voltage direct current (HVDC) power system applies

D.C. for transmission of bulk power over long distances. For
long distance, compared to AC transmission, the power
transmission, HVDC lines are less expensive, and losses are
less. It be linked the networks that have different frequencies
and characteristics. HVDC solutions have become more
attractive for the reason that of its environmental advantages,
economical, asynchronous interconnections, power flow
control and added benefits to the transmission such as stability,
power quality and so on.

For this experiment, SimPowerSystems is applied to get the

results. SimPowerSystems in Matlab make available
component libraries and analysis tools for modeling and
simulating electrical power systems. The libraries offer models
of electrical power components, including three-phase
machines, electric drives, and components for applications
such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and
renewable energy systems. To develop control systems and
test system-level performance the SimPowerSystems models
can be used. In High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC), the
analysis of parameter can be experimental such as steady-state
voltage and current, FFT Analysis, Load Flow and etc.

In this experiment, the key objective is to configure and

analyze a HVDC Transmission System using different value of
firing angle (alpha) in the rectifier.

II. METHODOLOGY

The analysis results for HVDC transmission system was

done in MATLAB/Simulink. Firstly, a command
power_hvdc is typed in command window. The simple 6-
pulse HVDC Transmission System 500MW (250kV-2kA)
circuit diagram was revealed as shown in Figure 2.1. The
 Figure 2.1: Circuit Diagram.

Table 2.1: The parameters for components in the circuit.

Component Value
3 phase Source 300kV, 5000 MVA

Transformer (wye-delta 300kV 200kV

connection) (step down)
3 phase Rectifier (RL R = 0.5, L = 0.5H
branch)

Next, the alpha value/ firing angle of the rectifier was set to 5,
20, 80 and 160 degree respectively as shown in Figure 2.2.
Then, the discretized (sample time) is choosen which is 43.4
s. The simulation time also set to 0.8s and then clicked the
run button. After that, the sample time is clicked 2 times and
the FFT analysis is selected. The results for the different
values of alpha were observed .
 Figure 2.2: Alpha value is set to 5 degree.

III. RESULTS
Scope 1 will obtain graph for Id Idref(pu), alpha (deg),
Ifault(A). Scope 2 will obtain graph for Vabc(pu),
Iabc(pu/500MVA) and VdVdl(pu).

1. When = 5 deg
Figure 3.1: Scope1 for =5deg.
Figure 3.2: Scope2 for =5deg.
 Figure 3.3: FFT Analysis for =5deg.

2. When = 20 deg
Figure 3.4: Scope1 for =20deg.
Figure 3.5: Scope2 for =20deg.
 Figure 3.6: FFT Analysis for =20deg

3. When = 80 deg
Figure 3.7: Scope1 for =80deg.
Figure 3.8: Scope2 for =20deg.
 Figure 3.9: FFT Analysis for =80deg

4. When = 160 deg

Figure 3.10: Scope1 for =160deg.
Figure 3.11: Scope2 for =20deg.
 Figure 3.12: FFT Analysis for =160deg

IV. DISCUSSION

From the results get hold of, we can see that different range
of delay firing angle, provide different dc output voltage,
Vdc. It describes that as the firing angle increases, the level of
dc output voltage decreases. At 180 degree of delay firing
angle, the dc output voltage will be zero so the dc output
voltage will decrease towards zero as the firing angle increase.
The degree, the polarity of the output dc voltage will be
reversed at delay firing angle more than 180. Therefore, the
dc voltage can be obtained by using formula, Error: Reference
source not found , where is the delay firing angle and is
the overlap commutation angle. The commutation angle has
also gives consequence to the output dc voltage as it drops the
voltage. The commutation begins after and ends after
extinction angle =+. It is not possible for the current in one
phase and thyristor to directly transfer the current to another
phase and thyristor because there is inductance in both the
source and in each thyristor. The result of the commutating
inductance in each phase of the source is that the diodes
cannot turn on and off straight away. So when one diode turns
on, the one it is replacing stays on until the current through its
source inductance goes to zero. The result is that two phases
are shorted together during the commutation and the voltage is
the average of the two phases. From the FFT analysis, we can
also see that there are high harmonics in the three phase
current. In view of the fact that the phases are being shorted
together, the voltage waveforms at the bridge side of the
inductors undergo notching. This results in harmonics in the
voltages of any devices that are connected in parallel with the
bridge rectifier.
V. CONCLUSION
Using the different value of firing angle (alpha) was done
for the analysis of DC output configuration and analyses of a
HVDC transmission system. The alpha selected to be
considers were 5, 20, 80 and 160. Different alpha will
absolutely produce different DC output waves with can be said
with harmonics.
REFERENCES
[1] BEE4273 High Voltage Dirent Current & FACTS lecture notes, PM. DR.
Abu Zaharin, Faculty of Electric & Electronic Engineering, University
Malaysia Pahang.
[2] http://www.mathworks.com/help/physmod/sps/examples/simple-6-pulse-
hvdc-transmission-system.html