Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Third Edition
September 2002
You may reproduce this guide as required and it can be found at
http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/general/fltcrew/study.htm
GENERAL
The conditions of issue of all flight crew licenses are stated in the Canadian Aviation Regulations
(CARs).
EXAMINATIONS
Following the completion of generic examinations candidates must complete air operator
specific training as approved by Transport Canada.
KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS
Generic training consists of the common body of knowledge required by all flight dispatchers. In
order for a flight dispatcher candidate to commence on-the-job training at the air operator of
employment, he or she must have passed both Transport Canada's generic examinations, one
of which will test the meteorology-related subjects and the other the remaining subjects in this
publication.
The learner will be involved in learning facts. Verbs such as list, recall, name etc. will be
used to describe the student's performance.
Example: list the conditions for the withdrawal of an Air Operator's Certification.
The learner will show an understanding of the principle by explaining the procedure used
to apply it. Words such as list the steps, put in order, flow chart, will be used to
describe the students performance.
Example: explain the dispatcher procedures for handling an aircraft experiencing icing.
3) Denotes a thorough knowledge of the subject and the ability to apply it with speed and
accuracy:
The student will be able to apply procedures to a problem efficiently and accurately.
Verbs such as select, distinguish, demonstrate, will be used to describe the students
performance.
Example: Given a variety of conditions select an appropriate route of flight for a defined
aircraft.
5) Denotes extensive knowledge of the subject and the ability to apply procedures derived from
it with judgment in light of the circumstances.
Given a problem with a variety of different solutions the learner will select and apply the
most efficient procedures to handle the problem.
Verbs such as analyze, demonstrate, manipulate, assemble will be used to describe the
students performance.
Example: Given an observed weather condition on an aircrafts performance the student
will quickly and accurately amend the take off data for the aircraft.
NOTE: Times stated (time 8 10 hrs.) is a suggested minimum to maximum required forstudy
and is for general guidance only
3
SECTION
6.5 Radar
6.6 Navigation Systems
6.7 Approach Aids
6.8 Transponders
6.9 ACAS / TCAS
7. Flight Operations
(time 8-12 hrs)
8. Theory of Flight
(time 4-10 hrs)
9. Human factors
(time 4-12 hrs)
Some Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) refer to their associated standards. Questions
from the CARs may test knowledge from the regulation or the standard.
S & RG SUBJECT
CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATIONS (CARs)
.1 101.01 Definitions
.1 300.01 Interpretation
.1 301.01 Application
.2 301.04 Markers and Markings
.3 301.06 Wind Direction Indicator
.4 301.07 Lighting
.5 301.08 Prohibitions
.6 301.09 Fire Prevention
.1 302.10 Prohibitions
.2 302.11 Fire Prevention
.1 600.01 Interpretation
6
GENERAL
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS
GENERAL
.1 604.01 Application
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
.2 604.10 Checklist
.3 604.11 Operational Flight Data Sheet
.4 604.12 VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility - Uncontrolled Airspace
.5 604.13 No Alternate Aerodrome - IFR Flight
.6 604.14 Take-off Minima
.7 604.15 Instrument Approach Procedures
.8 604.16 Flight Attendant Requirement
.9 604.17 Cabin Safety Procedures
.10 604.18 Briefing of Passengers
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
MANUALS
GENERAL
TECHNICAL RECORD
GENERAL
.1 700.01 Definitions
GENERAL
.1 704.01 Application
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
MANUALS
GENERAL
.1 705.01 Application
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
.2 705.16 Exceptions
.3 705.20 Operational Control System
.4 705.21 Flight Authorization
.5 705.22 Operational Flight Plan
.6 705.23 Maintenance of Aircraft
.7 705.24 Checklist
.8 705.25 Fuel Requirements
.9 705.26 Extended Range Twin-engined Operations
.10 705.27 Admission to the Flight Deck
.11 705.28 Seats for Cabin Safety Inspectors
.12 705.29 Flight Crew Members at Controls
.13 705.30 Simulation of Emergency Situations
14
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
MANUALS
.1 General
1.9 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AND .2 Partial or Complete Loss of
PROCEDURES Navigation Capability
(proficiency level 5)
.3 Position Reporting
.1 Air Traffic and Advisory
1.12 CANADIAN MINIMUM NAVIGATION
Services
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
.2 Flight Service Stations
.3 Communications Procedures (CMNPS) CERTIFICATION
(proficiency level 5)
.4 Radar Service
.5 ATC Clearances and .1 General
Instructions .2 Certification
.6 ESCAT Plan (formerly .3 Navigation System
SCATANA) Requirements
.7 Wake Turbulence Separation .4 Transition Between CMNPS
.8 Airport/Aerodrome Operations Airspace and the Canadian
- Uncontrolled Domestic Airway Structure
.9 Airport/Aerodrome Operations .5 Separation Minima
- Controlled
.10 Mandatory and Aerodrome
Traffic Frequencies
.11 VFR En Route Procedures
.12 VFR Holding Procedures
.13 Land and Hold Short
Operations (LAHSO)
.14 Clearway/Stopway
17
1.15 RVSM
(proficiency level 5)
.1 General
.2 RVSM Airspace
.3 RVSM Transition Airspace
.4 Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Procedures
.5 Aircraft Requirements
18
2.1 AIRFRAMES
(proficiency level 3)
SECTION 3: METEOROLOGY
.1 Warm Front
.2 Cold Front
.3 Stationary Front
.4 TROWAL and Upper Fronts
21
SECTION 4: INSTRUMENTS
6.5 RADAR
(proficiency level 3) 6.9 ACAS/TCAS
.1 Elementary Theory
.2 Primary Returns
25
Candidates who write an examination will be informed of the Question topics they answered
incorrectly by a series of numbers related to the sections and topics contained in this Guide.
Questions relating to more than one topic are shown by a slash (/) separating the series of
numbers (example 3). The method of decoding these numbers is explained by the examples
below.
HOW TO DECODE
Section 3. Meteorology
Sub-section 5. Moisture
Topic 1 Relative Humidity / Dewpoint
Section 3. Meteorology
Sub-section 9. Wind
Topic 12 Wind Shear Types and Causes
The following section contains examples of different tables and charts, which may be used on
ATPL-A examinations
Fuselage and Wing Tanks Fuselage and Wing Tanks (Cont.) Fuselage and Wing Tanks (Cont.) Fuselage and Wing Tanks (Cont.)
Imp. Mom./ Imp. Mom./ Imp. Mom./ Imp. Mom./ Crew Crew
Wt. (lb.) Wt. (lb.) Wt. (lb.) Wt. (lb.)
Gallons 1000 Gallons 1000 Gallons 1000 Gallons 1000
10 78 23 300 2,342 682 590 4,606 1,326 880 6,870 1,971
20 156 46 310 2,420 704 600 4,684 1,349 891 6,956 2,000
30 234 68 320 2,498 727 610 4,762 1,370
40 312 91 330 2,576 748 620 4,840 1,393
50 390 115 340 2,654 771 630 4,918 1,415
60 468 137 350 2,732 793 640 4,996 1,438 Toilet
70 546 160 360 2,810 815 650 5,075 1,459
80 625 183 370 2,889 837 660 5,153 1,482
90 703 205 380 2,967 860 670 5,231 1,504
100 781 229 390 3,045 882 680 5,309 1,526 Wing Tip Tanks
Bar
110 859 252 400 3,123 904 690 5,387 1,548
29
Imp. Mom./ 8
120 937 275 410 3,201 926 700 5,465 1,571 Wt. (lb.) Arm
Gallons 1000
130 1,015 298 420 3,279 949 710 5,543 1,593 152.8
140 1,093 321 430 3,357 970 720 5,621 1,615 50 390 110
(Page 1 of 2)
231.3
240 1,874 548 530 4,138 1,193 820 6,402 1,838
250 1,952 570 540 4,216 1,215 830 6,480 1,859
260 2,030 593 550 4,294 1,237 840 6,558 1,882 Arm 3 2 1
270 2,108 615 560 4,372 1,260 850 6,636 1,904 257.8
280 2,186 638 570 4,450 1,281 860 6,714 1,926
290 2,264 659 580 4,528 1,304 870 6,792 1,948 Arm Baggage
361.5
Centre Of Gravity Envelope
22
MAC is 90.197 inches
22.19%
Max Ramp Weight 21,000 lbs. L.E. of MAC is 253.964 in. aft of reference daturm.
21
Max TO Weight 20,700 lbs.
29.0% Conversion Formula - Arm to %MAC:
22.02%
20 %MAC = ARM (in.) - 253.964 X 100
90.197
Max Landing Weight 19,000 lbs,
19
it
280.0
Li m
18
.G.
279.0
wd. C
17
F
278.0
276.0
15
Max Zero Fuel Weight 14,500 lbs.
275.0
14
274.0
25.58%
(Page 2 of 2)
10 269.0
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 %MAC
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
% MAC
Zone 1 If the Zero Fuel Weight falls within this zone - fuel can be loaded
up to Max Ramp Wt. without exceeding C.G. Limits.
Conversion Chart - Arm to %MAC
Zone 2 If the Zero Fuel Weight falls within this zone - the fuel quantity that
may be added must be restricted such that at take-off the aft C.G. Limit is
not exceeded.
Example 1 Example 2
1. Temperature 40 oF 1 Field Length Available 3200 Ft.
2. Field Press. Altitude 4000 Ft. 2 Anti-Skid Operative
3. Gross Weight 16500 Lbs. 3 No Runway Gradient Flaps - 8o
4. Headwind Component 30 Kt. 4 Headwind Component 30 Kt.
5. No Runway Gradient 5 Temperature 25oF
6. Anti-skid Operative 6 Pressure Altitude Sea Level
7. Takeoff Distance 5380 Ft. 7 Limiting Weight for Takeoff 14200 Lbs.
10000
See Text for
Ref.
Line
Example Description
Ref. Line
Ref. Line
0 Ft .
Ft .
9000
1 00 0
8 00 0
t.
8000
6 000 F
t.
40 0 0 F
Ft .
7000
2 00 0
e vel
31
S ea L
6000
4
ISA 7
Take-Off Distance - ft.
5 6
5000
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE GRAPH
2 E 4000
F D A
C B 3000
Tail Head Up
G 1 Down 2000
-25 0 25 50 75 100 125 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 -10 0 10 20 30 0 1 2 3 On Off
Temperature - oF Gross Weight - 1000 lbs. Reported Wind (Knots) G radient Percent Anti-Skid
Take-Off Speeds V1 , VR, V2
Flaps 15 Degrees
Cabin Pressurization - Off
Engine Anti-Ice - Off and On
00
0
00
4
ft .
5
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
15000 lbs.
and below
20700
15000 lbs.
and below
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
20700
1
1 0 00 lb.
00
1 60
000 0
10 0
170
8 0 00 V1 VR V2
1 80
60 0 0
19 00 00
40
2 00 0 0
20
L.
20 70 0 0
S. 00
V1 = VM CG
C C C
B
A K L
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 100 110 120 130 110 120 130 140 150
o
Airport Air Temperature C
32
VR - Knots V2 - Knots
D
OFF
Anti- NOTE:
Ice ON Refer to weight limitations of this m anual
H for Maximum gross weight limitations.
V1 speed is established on the basis of
employing anti-skid and lift dumpers
Tailwind 10 for the aborted takeoff.
E
Wind
TAKE-OFF SPEEDS V1, VR, V2
Wind 0
Component- Baseline
Knots 10 EXAMPLE:
o
Headwind 20 A Airport Air Tem perature 30 C
B Airport Pressure Altitude - Sea Level
C Gross Weight at Brake R elease 19000 lbs.
Downhill 1 D Anti Ice Off
E Wind Com ponent 0 kts.
Average Slope F Average Runway Slope 1 Percent Uphill
0
Runway Baseline G V1 Speed, Anti Ice Off 118 kts.
Slope- 1 H Anti Ice On
Percent F J V 1 Speed, Anti Ice On 120.5 kts.
Uphill 2
K VR Speed 122.5 kts.
L V2 Speed 135 kts.
G J
80 90 100 110 120
V 1 - Knots
Accelerate-Go - Flaps 0% Example:
Associated Conditions: OAT
Power Take-Off power set 28 C
Pressure Altitude 5430 Feet
before brake release.
Headwind Component 9.5 Knots
Flaps 0%
AutoFeather Armed Take-Off Weight - Take-Off Field
Landing Gear Retract after lift-off Pounds Length - Feet
Runway Paved, level, dry surface Weight - Speed - Knots
Pounds 12,500 10,950
VR VLOF V2 10,650 6,786
Note: 1. Air distance is 50% of take-off
field length. 12,500 95 101 121 10,470 6,370
2. V1 (engine failure speed) equals 12,000 95 101 119 Speeds (10,470 Pounds) VR 95 Kt.
VR (rotation speed). 11,000 95 101 115 VLOF 101 Kt.
3. Usable clearway cannot exceed 10,000 95 101 111
9,000 V2 113 Kt.
25% of the runway length. 95 101 108
12,000
He
ad
in d
wi n
d 11,000
ilw
Ta
de
10,000
titu
Al
33
re
9,000
e
00
P r
,0
10 ss u
8,000
Reference Line
Reference Line
00
8,
00 7,000
6 ,0
TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE
00
4,0 6,000
00 A
2,0 IS
SL 5,000
Take-Off Field Length - Feet
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 0 10 20 30
Outside Air Temperature - C Weight - Pounds Wind Component - Knots
34
CRUISE PERFORMANCE
o
TWO ENGINE FLIGHT PLANNING: LONG RANGE CRUISE - 35,000 ft (ISA = -54.3 C)
Headwind -kt- Tailwind
1 ,0 1,5 2,0
00
50 0
00 00
Na u
tica
l mi l
es
-10
ISA
+10
0
,0 0
18
0
,0 0
17
0
,0 0
16
0
,0 0
15
Take-off gross weight - 1,000 lb
0
,0 0
14
000
1 3,
000
12 ,
Distance Increasing
Wind
0 00
11, A B
F lt
Temp
00 0
1 0,
Tim
E
e
C
TOGW Increasing
G t
igh
We g
F
ng n
ndi asi
La Incre
35
12
11
25
29
ft.
0
Based on:
00
e
10
ov
-1
340/.84 climb
ab
e
&
ud
.84/290/250 descent
33
9
ti t
Al
re
su
280
es
8
Pr
Trip Time - Hours
7 260
240
31 2 9 2 7
6
25
5 220
e
ov
4 200
Ab
2 160
ft.
0
00
1 140
-1
20 10 0 -10
de
ISA Dev. C
tu
120
lti
A
e
ur
ss
100
re
P
80
60
Ref. Line
40
20
400 500 550 600 650
Head 100 Landing Weight - 1000 lb.
50
Wind - Kts
Ref. Line
0
50
Tail 100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Trip Distance - Nautical Ground Miles
o
ISA +10 C
Gross Weight - 9000 lb.
1900 RPM
0.7
Altitude - ft.
0.6
600 240 00 700
20000 Max. Cruise
16000 800
36
0.5
500 12000 900 Torque - ft. lb.
Maximum
SPECIFIC RANGE
8000 1000
0.2
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
True Airspeed - Knots
110
BUFFET ONSET BOUNDARY
Examples:
100 G.W. - 100,000 lb.
M = 0.8 at 30,000 ft.
o
Buffet Onset at 1.6g; 51 Bank Angle
Buffett Onset at 1g; M=.49; M=.83
90
(ft. )
l
70
00 0
37
re A
20, ti tude
000
ssu
0
e
25,
r
00
Gross
P
0
30,
Weight
,0 0
(1000 lb.)
35
110
BUFFET ONSET BOUNDARY
-
100
90
80
60 40 20 0 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
Bank Angle (deg.) Mach Number
38
(FPL-I
-C550/L
-CYAM1700
-N0372F330 DCT SSM DCT YYB J513 SMARE YOW314 YOW DCT
-CYOW0109 CYND
-EET/KZMP0000 CZYZ0004 CZUL0103
SEL/
-E/0438 P/ R/ S/ J/ D/
A/ )
IN .. DOWN . ZFW
OUT . UP R/FUEL
FLT . AIR T/OWT
39
NOTE: Weight and balance calculation computed separately take precedence over
these weight calculations.
The following publications can be purchased from the above address. The fee is cost plus handling,
and applicable mailing charges.
Note: The three videos; Ground Crew, Small Aircraft, and Large Aircraft may be purchased
individually or all three combined into a single video.
The accompanying booklets; When in Doubt Small and Large Aircraft (TP 10643E), When in
Doubt Ground Crew (TP 10647), and Aircraft Critical Surface Contamination Examination
Questions (TP 10615E) are available from the General Aviation web site:
http://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/General/Exams/Guides.htm.
If you do not have access to the web, the booklets can be ordered from the above address for a
nominal charge.
1. VFR Navigation Charts (VNC)/VFR Terminal Area Charts (VTA)/World Aeronautical Charts
(WAC)
2. Canada Flight Supplement
3. Enroute Low Altitude Charts
The Study Guide for the Radiotelephone Operators Restricted Certificate (Aeronautical) is
available free of charge from district offices of Industry Canada - Examinations and Radio
Licensing.
Information on Customs Requirements is available from the Canada Customs and Revenue
Agency (internet address: http://www.ccra-adrc.gc.ca/).
Information on the Canada Labour Code is available from Human Rssources Development
Canada (internet address: http://www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/common.work.shtml).
Information on text books and other publications produced by commercial publishers can be
obtained through local flying training organizations, bookstores and similar sources.
A variety of publications used in pilot training in the United States are available through the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
(internet address: http://www.access.gpo.gov/index.html).
42
ENQUIRIES
Information as to the location of pilot training organizations and matters pertaining to flight crew
licensing can be obtained by writing the appropriate Regional licensing personnel using the
information given in the following list.
These locations, and others offer flight crew examination service. A complete listing can be
found on the internet site http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/general/FLTCREW/TCC.htm .