Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Projection Keyboard
By
Name:G.VENKATESH
Roll No: 13H61A1221
Course:IT
DEPARTMENT OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
(Formerly CVSR College of Engineering)
VENKATAPUR, GHATKESAR
RANGAREDDY-501301
(Affiliated to JNTUH)
ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
(Formerly CVSR College of Engineering)
VENKATAPUR, GHATKESAR
RANGAREDDY-501301
(Affiliated to JNTUH)
CERTIFICATE
ABSTRACT:
A projection keyboard is a form of computer input device whereby the image
of a virtual keyboard is projected onto a surface: when a user touches the surface covered by
an image of a key, the device records the corresponding keystroke. Some connect to
Bluetooth devices, including many of the latest smartphone, tablet, and mini-PC devices with
Android, iOS or Windows platform.
An optical virtual keyboard was invented and patented by IBM
engineers in 1992. It optically detects and analyses human hand and finger motions and
interprets them as operations on a physically non-existent input device like a surface with
painted or projected keys. In that way it can emulate unlimited types of manually operated
input devices (such as a mouse, keyboard, and other devices). Mechanical input units can be
replaced by such virtual devices, potentially optimized for a specific application and for the
user's physiology, maintaining speed, simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input.
In 2002, start-up company Canesta developed a projection keyboard using their proprietary
"electronic perception technology".The company subsequently licensed the technology to
Celluon of Korea.
A proposed system called the P-ISM combines the technology with a small video projector to
create a portable computer the size of a fountain pen.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction...4
2.Methodology
2.1CelluonEpic....................................................................................................................5
2.2 What is it? ........................................................................................................5
2.3 Features..6
2.4 How it works? ...............................................................................................................6
2.5 Identifying parts.7
2.6 Connecting Epic.8
2.7QwertyKeyboard....9
2.8 Properties......10
2.9 Computer Keyboards11
2.10ProjectionKeyboard.12
2.11 Design.13
2.12 Types 14
2.13 Security Considerations.....15
3.Details
3.1Technology..17
3.2How does it work? ..........................................................................................................19
3.3SystemArchitecture..20
3.4Connectivity.20
3.5 Dongle.22
3.6 Bluetooth Connectivity...........23
3.7OperatingGestures24
4.Applications25
4.1AdvantagesandDisadvantages..........................26
4.2.FutureScope..27
5..Conclusion..28
6.Bibliography29
1. INTRODUCTION
The Celluon Epic Projection Keyboard is a wireless Bluetooth projection keyboard that
provides a complete redesign of the traditional computer keyboard. This wireless projection
keyboard comes equipped with a red laser diode light source projecting a full QWERTY
keyboard on nearly any firm, flat, opaque surface. As Gizmag goes hands-on with this device
that will turn any flat surface into a full QWERTY keyboard.
With approximately 120 minutes of operating time, this bus-powered device can be taken
with you on the go for hours of typing in between charges. Pair the device via Bluetooth with
your computer, and you can start typing. Tap your fingers on the projected red laser keys, and
the letters pop up on your screen. It can even serve as a mouse or touchpad for your Windows
PC or Mac.
Of course, like any magic trick, there's actually something very specific happening behind the
scenes that creates the illusion. Here we're looking at infrared light that's emitted from the
lower end of the Epic. When your finger (or any other object) passes through a key's
projected area, the sensor detects the infrared light reflecting off of it, and computes it as a
keystroke.
The device itself is tightly constructed, with a compact, attractive design. It doesn't look
remotely cheap. It's small enough to drop in a pocket, and can easily sit next to the device
you're typing on without drawing attention to itself. The Epic is compatible with all the major
mobile and desktop operating systems, including iOS, Android, Windows, and Mac OS X.
Virtual Keyboard uses sensor technology and artificial intelligence to let users work on any
surface as if it were a keyboard. A virtual keyboard is a keyboard that a user operates by
typing on or within a wireless or optical-detectable surface or area rather than by depressing
physical
2.METHODOLOGY
2.3 FEATURES
Full-sized QWERTY keyboard
Power save mode
Simplified pairing via Bluetooth
Compatible with a variety of devices
Pocket size, slim design
Doubles as virtual multi-touch mouse
Built-in battery
Works on most opaque, flat surfaces
Adjustable brightness, sensitivity, and sound feedback
2.8 Properties
Alternating hands while typing is a desirable trait in a keyboard design. While one hand types
a letter, the other hand can prepare to type the next letter, making the process faster and more
efficient. However, when a string of letters is typed with the same hand, the chances of
stuttering are increased and a rhythm can be broken, thus decreasing speed and increasing
errors and fatigue. In the QWERTY layout many more words can be spelled using only the
left hand than the right hand. In fact, thousands of English words can be spelled using only
the left hand, while only a couple of hundred words can be typed using only the right
hand[13] (the three most frequent letters in the English language, ETA, are all typed with the
left hand). In addition, more typing strokes are done with the left hand in the QWERTY
layout. This is helpful for left-handed people but to the disadvantage of right-handed people.
Contrary to popular belief, the QWERTY layout was not designed to slow the typist
down, but rather to speed up typing by preventing jams. Indeed, there is evidence that, aside
from the issue of jamming, placing often-used keys farther apart increases typing speed,
because it encourages alternation between the hands. There is another origin story in the
Smithsonian that the qwerty keyboard was made for telegraph operators and has this layout to
make it easy for the telegraph operator to work. (On the other hand, in the German keyboard
the Z has been moved between the T and the U to help type the frequent bigraphs TZ and ZU
in that language.) Almost every word in the English language contains at least one vowel
letter, but on the QWERTY keyboard only the vowel letter "A" is located on the home row,
which requires the typist's fingers to leave the home row for most words.
A feature much less commented-on than the order of the keys is that the keys do not form a
rectangular grid, but rather each column slants diagonally. This is because of the mechanical
linkages each key is attached to a lever, and hence the offset prevents the levers from
running into each other and has been retained in most electronic keyboards. Some
keyboards, such as the Kinesis or TypeMatrix, retain the QWERTY layout but arrange the
keys in vertical columns, to reduce unnecessary lateral finger motion.
2.9 Computer keyboards
The first computer terminals such as the Teletype were typewriters that could produce and be
controlled by various computer codes. These used the QWERTY layouts and added keys such
as escape (ESC) which had special meanings to computers. Later keyboards added function
keys and arrowkeys. Since the standardization of PC-compatible computers and Windows
after the 1980s, most full-sized computer keyboards have followed this standard (see drawing
at right). This layout has a separate numeric keys for data entry at the right, 12 function keys
across the top, and a cursor section to the right and center with keys for Insert, Delete, Home,
End, Page Up, and Page Down with cursor arrows in an inverted-T shape.
2.11 Design
A laser or beamer projects visible virtual keyboard onto level surface. A sensor or camera in
the projector picks up fingers movements Software converts the coordinates to identify
actions or characters.
The projection is realized in four main steps and via three modules: projection module, sensor
module and illumination module. The main devices and technologies used to project the
image are a diffractive optical element, red laser diode,CMOS sensor chip and an infrared
(IR) laser diode.
2.11.1Template projection
A template produced by a specially designed and highly efficient projection element with a
red diode laser.
2.11.2 Reference Plane Illumination
An infra-red plane of light is generated on the interface surface. The plane is however
situated just above and parallel to the surface.
2.11.3 Map reflection coordinates
The reflected light user interactions with the interface surface is passed through an infra-red
filter and imaged on to a CMOS image sensor in the sensor module.
2.11.4 Interpretation and communication
The micro-controller in the sensor module receives the positional information corresponding
to the light flashes from the sensor processing core, interprets the events and then
communicates them through the appropriate interface to external devices. By events it is
understood any key stroke, mouse or touchpad control.
2.12 Types
On a desktop PC, one purpose of a virtual keyboard is to provide an alternative input
mechanism for users with disabilities who cannot use a physical keyboard. Another major use
for an on-screen keyboard is for bi- or multi-lingual users who switch frequently between
different character sets or alphabets. Although hardware keyboards are available with dual
keyboard layouts (for example Cyrillic/Latin letters in various national layouts), the on-
screen keyboard provides a handy substitute while working at different stations or on laptops,
which seldom come with dual layouts.
The standard on-screen keyboard utility on most windowing systems allows hot key
switching between layouts from the physical keyboard (typically alt-shift but this is user
configurable), simultaneously changing both the hardware and the software keyboard layout.
In addition, a symbol in the systray alerts the user to the currently active layout.
Although Linux supports this fast manual keyboard-layout switching function, many popular
Linux on-screen keyboards such as gtkeyboard, Matchbox-keyboard or Kvkbd do not react
correctly
Virtual keyboards are commonly used as an on-screen input method in devices with no
physical keyboard, where there is no room for one, such as a pocket computer, personal
digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer or touch screen equipped mobile phone. It is
common for the user to input text by tapping a virtual keyboard built into the operating
system of the device. Virtual keyboards are also used as features of emulation software for
systems that have fewer buttons than a computer keyboard would have.
Virtual keyboards can be categorized by the following aspects:
Physical keyboards with distinct keys comprising electronically changeable displays
integrated in the keypads.
Virtual keyboards with touch screen keyboard layouts or sensing areas.
Optically projected keyboard layouts or similar arrangements of "keys" or sensing
areas.
Optically detected human hand and finger motions.
[
Virtual keyboards to allow input from a variety of input devices, such as a computer mouse,
switch or other assistive technology device.
An optical virtual keyboard has been invented and patented by IBM engineers in 2008.It
optically detects and analyses human hand and finger motions and interprets them as
operations on a physically non-existent input device like a surface having painted keys. In
that way it allows to emulate unlimited types of manually operated input devices such as a
mouse or keyboard. All mechanical input units can be replaced by such virtual devices,
optimized for the current application and for the user's physiology maintaining speed,
simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input.
On the Internet, various JavaScript virtual keyboards have been created, allowing users to
type their own languages on foreign keyboards, particularly in Internet cafes.
3.1 TECHNOLOGY
A projection keyboard generally works by:
A laser or beamer projects visible virtual keyboard onto level surface
A sensor or camera in the projector picks up finger movements
Detected co-ordinates determine actions or characters to be generated
5.1 How does it work?
Disadvantages:
It is very costly.
The room in which the virtual keyboard is used should not be very bright so that the
keyboard is properly visible.
Virtual keyboard is hard to get used to. Since it involves typing in thin air, it requires a
little practice. Only people who are good at typing can use a virtual keyboard
efficiently.
Tactile feel is not possible.
It is very costly ranging from 150-200 dollars.
4.2 FUTURE SCOPE
Future Scope:
Laser keyboards can be embedded into ATMs.
Laser keyboards can be used into space crafts as they are very lighter and smaller.
It can be embedded into digital lockers into banks, hostels for entering passwords
and digital door lockers based on passwords.
5. CONCLUSION
A virtual key boards claim to provide the convenience of compactness with the
advantages of a QWERTY keyboard.
It is also used in 6th Sense Technology Device in which it is not depends on surface.
The feedback text and/or graphics may be integrated with such projector, thus
enabling truly virtual working area.
Thus virtual keyboards will make typing easier, faster, and almost a pleasure.
With a single flick of switch, Epic projects a full-size QWERTY keyboard in a safe
form of laser.It is easily paired with any smart devices by simplified Bluetooth
capability.
6.BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.celluon.com/docs/Epic_Quick_Guide_English.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY_keyboard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_keyboard
http://newatlas.com/celluon-epic-laser-keyboard-review/28342/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_keyboard
http://www.virtual-laser-devices.com/demo.asp
https://www.manualslib.com/download/1193612/Celluon-Epic.html