QB Ch10 Eng

Question Bank (Ch.
10)
INTERACTIVE SCIENCE 2B
Question Bank
Chapter 10 COMMON ACIDS AND ALKALIS
Concept Checking
Write T for a true statement or F for a false statement.
10.1 Acids and Alkalis

2B100101Q001Eng
Vinegar tastes sour because it contains acid.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q002Eng
Soap is slippery because it is alkaline.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q003Eng
All substances can be classified into two groups: acids and
alkalis.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q004Eng
Hydrochloric acid is one of the most commonly used acids
212
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
in the laboratory.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q005Eng
We can taste sulphuric acid in the laboratory.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q006Eng
All cleansing reagents are slippery so that all of them are
alkaline.
[Ans] F
10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators

2B100101Q007Eng
All substances show different colours in acids or alkalis.
[Ans] F
213
2B100201Q008Eng
Some natural substances show different colours in acids or
alkalis They can be used as acid-alkali indicators.
[Ans] T
2B100201Q009Eng
Red cabbage extract is red in colour after mixing with
soap solution.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q010Eng
Litmus paper and universal indicator are used in the
laboratory to test whether a solution is acidic, neutral or
alkaline.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q011Eng
An increase in pH value of a substance means an increase
in its acidity.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q012Eng
pH meter is an electronic device used to measure the exact
214
pH value of a solution.
[Ans] T
2B100201Q013Eng
The pH value of orange juice is lower than that of stomach
acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q014Eng
The higher the pH value of a solution, the lower its acidity
is.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q015Eng
An increase in the pH value of a solution means an
increase in its alkalinity.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q016Eng
pH paper turns red in acids and blue in alkalis.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q017Eng
215
pH paper remains white in distilled water which is neutral.

[Ans] F
216
10.3 Acids and Corrosion

2B100201Q018Eng
All metals react with acids but not alkalis.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q019Eng
Metal saucepans should not be used to make pork in
ginger-vinegar.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q020Eng
After adding magnesium ribbons into dilute hydrochloric
acid, gas bubbles are evolved.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q021Eng
Sulphur dioxide gas will be given out when iron wires are
added into dilute sulphuric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q022Eng
After adding marble chips into dilute nitric acid, carbon
dioxide gas is given out.
217
[Ans] T
2B100101Q023Eng
Chlorine gas will be given out when marble chips are
added into dilute hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q024Eng
When magnesium ribbons are put into dilute hydrochloric
acid, the gas evolved can relight a glowing splint.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q025Eng
No gas bubbles will be given out when a copper wire is
put into dilute sulphuric acid.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q026Eng
Magnesium is more reactive than zinc. Therefore, the
reaction between magnesium and dilute nitric acid will
give out more gas bubbles than that of zinc and dilute
nitric acid.
[Ans] T
218
219
2B100101Q027Eng
Gas bubbles will be evolved in the reaction of iron with
dilute nitric acid. The gas bubbles give a pop sound when
being tested with a burning splint.
[Ans] T
10.4 Safety Related to the Use of Acids and Alkalis

2B100101Q028Eng
If some acids get into our eyes accidentally, we should use
a weak alkali to wash the affected eyes.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q029Eng
We should dilute a concentrated acid in a fume cupboard.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q030Eng
Universal indicator shows a blue colour when the solution
is an acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q031Eng
Strong acids and strong alkalis are highly corrosive.
220
[Ans] T
2B100101Q032Eng
Strong acids should be poured into the sink immediately
after use.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q033Eng
Dilute acids can be made by adding water into
concentrated acids.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q034Eng
Dilute sodium hydroxide solution is a strong alkali.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q035Eng
With the same concentration, ethanoic acid is less
corrosive than hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] T
10.5 Acid Rain

2B100201Q036Eng
221
Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in the rainwater to

form carbonic acid.
[Ans] T
222
2B100101Q037Eng
In clean areas, rainwater should be neutral.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q038Eng
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are common air
pollutants that cause acid rain.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q039Eng
In unpolluted areas, rainwater is acidic.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q040Eng
Chlorine gas is one of the common pollutants that
dissolves in rainwater to form hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q041Eng
Sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain water to form sulphuric
acid. It makes the rainwater more acidic.
[Ans] T
223
2B100101Q042Eng
Acid rain corrodes constructions made of marble and
metals.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q043Eng
Acid rain only corrodes buildings. It will not kill living
things.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q044Eng
The major sources of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere
are motor vehicles and factories.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q045Eng
The major source of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere is
the urine excreted from animals.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q046Eng
The pH value of acid rain can be as low as 3.0.
[Ans] T
224
225
2B100101Q047Eng
The acid rain will be diluted by the water in rivers, so it
will not kill the aquatic lives in the rivers.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q048Eng
(extension) The effects caused by acid rain can be reduced
by taking public transport instead private cars.
[Ans] T
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100101Q049Eng
Potassium hydroxide can be formed from the
neutralisation of potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q050Eng
Salts and water are products formed from the
neutralisation of acids and alkalis.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q051Eng
Neutralisation is a process when an alkali is mixed with an
226
acid until the pH of the resulting solution is 7.

[Ans] T
2B100101Q052Eng
The process of adding water into acids or alkalis is called
neutralisation.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q053Eng
Our stomach juice contains strong acids. Therefore,
antacids containing strong alkalis can be used to neutralise
the excess acids in the stomach.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q054Eng
The stings of wasps are alkaline.
[Ans] T
2B100201Q055Eng
Limestone is added to acidic soil to raise the pH value of
the soil.
[Ans] T
227
2B100101Q056Eng
People can take antacids to help digestion.
[Ans] F
228
10.7 Daily Uses of Acids and Alkalis

2B100101Q057Eng
Acids can kill micro-organisms.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q058Eng
Both acids and alkalis can be used for food preservation.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q059Eng
Vinegar consists of mainly hydrochloric acid and water. It
can be used for food preservation.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q060Eng
Many cleansing agents contain acids or alkalis.
[Ans] T
Multiple Choice
Circle the best answer for each question below.

2B100102Q001Eng
229
Which of the following substances contain alkalis?

(I) Soap
(II) Toothpaste
(III) Vinegar
A. (I) and (II) only

B. (I) and (III) only
C. (II) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] A
230
2B100102Q002Eng
Which of the following hazard warning labels should be
put on a bottle of concentrated hydrochloric acid?
A. B.
C. D.
[Ans] C
2B100102Q003Eng
When we open a can of fizzy soft drink, gas bubbles come
out.
This gas is
A. nitrogen dioxide.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. oxygen.
231
D. hydrogen.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q004Eng
Which of the following alkalis is commonly found in drain
cleaners?
232
A. Sodium carbonate
B. Ammonia
C. Calcium hydroxide
D. Sodium hydroxide
[Ans] D
2B100102Q005Eng
Which of the following is/are the properties of alkalis?
(I) Bitter in taste
(II) Slippery
(III) Corrosive
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
[Ans] D
2B100102Q006Eng
Which of the following domestic products contains acids?
A. Toothpaste
B. Toilet cleaners
233
C. Drain cleaners
D. Glass cleaners
[Ans] B
2B100102Q007Eng
Which of the following cleansing agents contain(s)
alkalis?
(I) Drain cleaners
(II) Toilet cleaners
(III) Glass cleaners
A. (I) only
[Ans] C
234
2B100102Q008Eng
Which of the following acids can be found in lemons?
(I) Hydrochloric acid
(II) Citric acid
(III) Ascorbic acid
A. (II) only
D. (II) and (III) only
[Ans] D
2B100102Q009Eng
Cheese and yoghurt are milk products. They contain
A. lactic acid.
B. citric acid.
C. ethanoic acid.
D. carbonic acid.
[Ans] A

2B100102Q010Eng
235
Which of the following can turn blue litmus paper red?

A. Distilled water
B. Dilute hydrochloric acid
C. Dilute sodium hydroxide solution
D. Sugar solution
[Ans] B
2B100102Q011Eng
After dipping a piece of red litmus paper into lemon juice,
the paper will ________________ .
A. not change colour
B. show a blue colour
C. show a yellow colour
D. show a green colour
[Ans] A
236
2B100102Q012Eng
The following table shows the colours of some plant
extracts in acids and alkalis:
Plant extract Colour in Colour in
acids alkalis
W Red Blue
X Purple Red
Y Pink Yellow
Z Yellow Yellow
Which of the above plant extracts CANNOT be used as an
acid-alkali indicator?
A. Plant extract W
B. Plant extract X
C. Plant extract Y
D. Plant extract Z
[Ans] D
2B100102Q013Eng
Lime water turns pH paper
A. red.
B. blue.
237
C. yellow.
D. green.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q014Eng
Which of the following can be used to test whether orange
juice or lemon juice is more acidic?
(I) pH paper
(II) Litmus paper
(III) Universal indicator
A. (I) only
[Ans] C
238
2B100202Q015Eng
Which of the following statements about pH value and pH
scale is INCORRECT?
A. The pH scale is a scale of measuring acidity and
alkalinity in terms of pH values.
B. The range of pH scale is within 1 and 14.
C. The higher the pH value of a substance, the higher is
its alkalinity.
D. Those substances having a pH value of 4 are more
acidic than those having a pH value of 2.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q016Eng
Which of the following is an observation of dipping a
piece of blue litmus paper into an acidic solution?
A. The blue litmus paper does not change colour.
B. The blue litmus paper turns red.
C. The blue litmus paper turns yellow.
D. The blue litmus paper turns green.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q017Eng
239
Which of the following substances is the most acidic?

A. A substance having a pH value of 0
B. A substance having a pH value of 1
C. A substance having a pH value of 14
D. A substance having a pH value of 15
[Ans] A
2B100102Q018Eng
Which of the following substances is the most alkaline?
A. A substance having a pH value of 0
B. A substance having a pH value of 1
C. A substance having a pH value of 13
D. A substance having a pH value of 14
[Ans] D
2B100102Q019Eng
Distilled water turns pH paper
A. red.
B. blue.
C. yellow.
D. green.
[Ans] C
240
241
2B100102Q020Eng
If the pH values of solution X and solution Y are 6 and 1
respectively, which of the following statements about
these solutions is correct?
A. Solution X can be used to neutralise solution Y.
B. Solution X is more acidic than solution Y.
C. Solution X is weakly alkaline.
D. Solution Y is more corrosive.
[Ans] D

2B100102Q021Eng
When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to zinc beads, gas
bubbles are evolved.
dilute hydrochloric acid
zinc beads
The gas can

A. relight a glowing splint.
B. give a pop sound with a glowing splint.
C. give a pop sound with a burning splint.
242
D. turn lime water milky.

[Ans] C
2B100102Q022Eng
Which of the following metals can react with dilute acids?
(I) Zinc (II) Magnesium (III) Copper
A. (I) only
[Ans] B
2B100102Q023Eng
Gas bubbles are released when marble chips are put into
dilute nitric acid.
dilute nitric acid
marble chips
243
The gas can

A. relight a glowing splint.
B. give a pop sound with a glowing splint.
C. give a pop sound with a burning splint.
D. turn lime water milky.
[Ans] D
2B100102Q024Eng
We should not use acidic cleansing agents to clean marble
and limestone surfaces because
A. the acid can corrode the surfaces.
B. the marble and limestone absorb the acid and give a
bad smell.
C. the acid leaves a permanent mark on the surfaces.
D. the acid is explosive.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q025Eng
Marble and limestone can react with acids because
A. they contain calcium.
B. acids are corrosive.
C. they contain calcium carbonate.
244
D. they are not stable and easily react with other

substances.
[Ans] C
2B100102Q026Eng
Which of the following building materials react(s) with
dilute acids?
(I) Marble
(II) Limestone
(III) Sand
A. (I) only
[Ans] B
2B100102Q027Eng
Which of the followings is/are the observation(s) after
adding magnesium ribbons into dilute nitric acid?
(I) Colourless gas bubbles are given out.
(II) The test tube gets warm.
245
(III) A pop sound is heard.
246
A. (I) only
[Ans] B
2B100102Q028Eng
After putting iron wires into dilute sulphuric acid,
A. gas bubbles are evolved.
B. the tube becomes cold.
C. the colour of the acid changes to red.
D. a pop sound is heard.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q029Eng
Iron pot is not good for cooking sour pork because
A. iron is toxic.
B. the pot will be corroded by the acids in the food.
C. iron from the pot gives a bad taste.
D. iron from the pot turns the pork to black in colour.
[Ans] B
247
2B100102Q030Eng
Copper is a good material to build outdoor statues because
A. it is very hard.
B. it reflects light from the Sun.
C. it resists acid corrosion.
D. it is light in weight.
[Ans] C

2B100102Q031Eng
Which of the following is/are strong acid(s)?
(I) Hydrochloric acid
(II) Sulphuric acid
(III) Nitric acid
A. (I) only
[Ans] D
248
2B100202Q032Eng
Which of the following is/are weak acid(s)?
(I) Ethanoic acid in vinegar
(II) Citric acid in fruits
(III) Concentrated hydrochloric acid in the laboratory
A. (I) only
[Ans] B
2B100102Q033Eng
Which of the following is/are strong alkali(s)?
(I) Sodium hydroxide solution
(II) Potassium hydroxide solution
(III) Calcium hydroxide solution
A. (I) only
249
[Ans] B
2B100102Q034Eng
Which of the following alkalis is the most corrosive
(assume they have the same concentration)?
A. Sodium hydroxide solution
B. Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution
C. Calcium hydroxide solution
D. Ammonia solution
[Ans] A
2B100102Q035Eng
We should be very careful when handling concentrated
acids because
(I) they may cause serious burns if they spill on our skin.
(II) they may cause blindness if we look at them for a long
time.
(III) they may give off toxic acid vapours which may
burn our lungs.
250
A. (I) only
[Ans] C
2B100102Q036Eng
Which of the following solutions is the most dangerous?
A. Concentrated hydrochloric acid
B. Dilute hydrochloric acid
C. Concentrated ammonia solution
D. Dilute ammonia solution
[Ans] A
2B100102Q037Eng
Which of the following is NOT a safety measure for
handling strong acids?
A. Wear safety goggles
B. Put on protective gloves
C. Perform the experiments in a fume cupboard
D. Work in an empty laboratory
[Ans] D
251
2B100102Q038Eng
Which of the following is a correct procedure of diluting a
concentrated alkali?
A. Adding the concentrated alkali to water slowly with
gentle stirring
B. Adding water to the concentrated alkali slowly with
gentle stirring
C. Adding the concentrated alkali to water quickly with
quick stirring
D. Adding water to the concentrated alkali quickly with
quick stirring
[Ans] A
2B100102Q039Eng
Which of the following is NOT a reason to explain why
we should not add water to concentrated acids while
diluting?
A. It takes a long time to add a large amount of water.
B. The large amount of heat given out from the reaction
may cause splashing out of the acids.
C. It is difficult to control the final concentration.
252
D. Water is heavier than acid.

[Ans] B
253
2B100102Q040Eng
Which of the following should we do immediately if some
acids are accidentally spilled on our skin?
A. Dial 999 for help.
B. Wash the affected area with an alkali.
C. Inform the teacher.
D. Wash the affected area under running water.
[Ans] D
2B100102Q041Eng
Which of the following should we do at once if some
concentrated alkalis are spilled on the floor?
A. Clean the spillage immediately.
B. Pour acids on the spillage to neutralise it.
C. Inform the teacher at once.
D. Shout to other classmates to evacuate.
[Ans] C
10.5 Acid Rain

2B100102Q042Eng
Which of the following is the approximate pH value of
clean rainwater?
254
A. 3.0
B. 5.6
C. 7.0
D. 9.2
[Ans] B
2B100202Q043Eng
Clean rainwater is not neutral because
A. carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater to form
carbonic acid.
B. water is not neutral.
C. sulphur dioxide is commonly found in clean air and it
dissolves in rainwater to form sulphuric acid.
D. there is no clean rainwater in the world.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q044Eng
Which of the following pollutant gases is/are the cause(s)
of acid rain?
(I) Sulphur dioxide
(II) Nitrogen oxides
(III) Carbon dioxide
255
256
A. (I) only
[Ans] B
2B100102Q045Eng
Which of the followings are the sources of sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides in the air?
(I) Motor vehicles (II) Power stations (III) Factories

[Ans] D
2B100102Q046Eng
Acid rain is most commonly found in
A. industrial areas.
B. deserts.
C. undeveloped areas.
257
D. high-altitude areas.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q047Eng
(extension) Which of the following are preventive
measures against acid rain?
(I) Use fuels with low sulphur content
(II) Use alternative energy sources like solar power
(III) Use less marble to construct buildings

[Ans] A
2B100102Q048Eng
Which of the following are environmental effects of acid
rain?
(I) Corrode buildings and structures
(II) Cause mountain fires due to the release of hydrogen
gas which is explosive
258
(III) Kill aquatic lives
259

[Ans] B
2B100102Q049Eng
Which of the following will not be corroded by acid rain?
A. Statue made of marble
B. Statue made of limestone
C. Plant leaves
D. Statue made of copper
[Ans] D
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100102Q050Eng
Which of the following products will be formed after
mixing an acid with an alkali?
(I) Salt
(II) Water
(III) Gas bubbles
260
A. (I) only
[Ans] B
2B100102Q051Eng
Which of the following can be used to treat bites of
mosquitoes?
A. Vinegar
B. Saliva
C. Baking soda
D. Table salt
[Ans] C
2B100102Q052Eng
Which of the following is the reason why powdered
limestone (a weak alkali) is added to the soil?
A. Alkalis are fertilisers and good for plant growth.
B. Plants grow better in an alkaline environment.
C. Carbon dioxide produced is good for plants to undergo
photosynthesis.
261
D. It can raise the pH value of the soil to a suitable value.

[Ans] D
262
2B100102Q053Eng
Which of the following is the salt formed from the
neutralisation of potassium hydroxide solution and
sulphuric acid?
A. Sulphur hydroxide
B. Sulphur oxide
C. Potassium sulphate
D. Potassium oxide
[Ans] C
2B100102Q054Eng
Table salt used in cooking is
A. potassium chloride.
B. sodium chloride.
C. potassium hydroxide.
D. sodium hydroxide.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q055Eng
10 cm3 of a strong acid is added to 10 cm3 of a strong
alkali. The resulting solution is tested by pH paper. The
final colour of the pH paper is
263
A. red.
B. yellow.
C. blue.
D. (None of the above.)
[Ans] D
2B100102Q056Eng
Refer to the following word equation, what are X and Y?
Acid + Alkali X+Y
X Y
A. Hydrogen Oxygen
B. Oxygen Water
C. Salt Water
D. Oxygen Hydrogen
[Ans] C

2B100102Q057Eng
Which of the following domestic cleaners contain alkalis?
(I) Glass cleaners
(II) Oven cleaners
(III) Toilet cleaners
264

[Ans] A
2B100102Q058Eng
Which of the following ways can help to remove the
greyish brown deposit inside a kettle?
A. Adding hot vinegar or lemon juice and leaving aside

overnight.
B. Adding hot table salt solution and leaving aside
overnight.
C. Adding a strong acid and leaving aside overnight.
D. Adding a strong alkali and leaving aside overnight.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q059Eng
265
Which of the following is the most suitable to preserve

cucumber?
A. Nitric acid
B. Ethanoic acid
C. Water
D. Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution
[Ans] B
2B100102Q060Eng
Which of the following can be used as a food
preservative?
(I) Citric acid
(II) Distilled water
(III) Sodium hydroxide solution
A. (I) only
[Ans] A
266
Fill in the Blanks

2B100103Q001Eng
Most fruits taste ______________ because they contain
acids.
[Ans] sour
2B100103Q002Eng
Soap is ______________ because it is alkaline.
[Ans] slippery
2B100103Q003Eng
Generally, acids taste (a)______________ while alkalis
taste (b)______________. (Note: Never taste anything in
the laboratory.)
[Ans] (a) sour (b) bitter
2B100203Q004Eng
Soft drinks taste (a)______________ because they contain
(b)______________ acid.
[Ans] (a) sour (b) carbonic
267
2B100103Q005Eng
(a)______________ , (b)______________ , and
(c)______________ are the most commonly found acids
in the laboratory.
[Ans] (a) hydrochloric acid (b) sulphuric acid (c) nitric
acid
2B100203Q006Eng
A car battery contains ______________ acid.
[Ans] sulphuric

2B100103Q007Eng
Natural plant extracts contain pigments that show different
(a)______________ in acids or alkalis. These plant
extracts can be used as (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) colours (b) acid-alkali indicators
2B100103Q008Eng
Red cabbage extract is (a)______________ in colour. It
shows (b)______________ in lemon juice whereas it
shows (c)______________ in soap solution.
268
[Ans] (a) purple (b) red (c) green
269
2B100103Q009Eng
Acids turn (a)______________ litmus paper
(b)______________ whereas alkalis turn
(c)______________ litmus paper (d)______________ .
[Ans] (a) blue (b) red (c) red (d) blue
2B100103Q010Eng
A substance with a pH value of 2 is more
______________ than one with a pH value of 5.
[Ans] acidic
2B100103Q011Eng
Substances with pH values lower than 7 are
(a)______________ , those with a pH value of 7 are
(b)______________ , and those with pH values higher
than 7 are (c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) acidic (b) neutral (c) alkaline
2B100103Q012Eng
(a)______________ and (b)______________ can be used
to show the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
[Ans] (a) pH paper (b) universal indicator
270
2B100203Q013Eng
Dilute hydrochloric acid changes (a)______________
litmus paper (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) blue (b) red
2B100103Q014Eng
Dilute sodium hydroxide solution changes
(a)______________ litmus paper (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) red (b) blue
2B100203Q015Eng
The higher the pH value of a substance, the higher is its
______________ .
[Ans] alkalinity
2B100103Q016Eng
The lower the pH value of a substance, the higher is its
______________ .
[Ans] acidity
2B100103Q017Eng
The pH value of a solution can be measured by using
(a)______________ , (b)______________ or
271
(c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) universal indicator (b) pH paper (c) a pH
meter
272
2B100103Q018Eng
To measure pH values more accurately, we can use
______________ .
[Ans] pH meter
2B100103Q019Eng
Low pH values mean (a)______________ acidity, while
high pH values mean (b)______________ alkalinity.
[Ans] (a) high (b) high
2B100103Q020Eng
______________ shows different colours in different
acids and alkalis.
[Ans] Universal indicator / pH paper (any one of them)

2B100103Q021Eng
When a (a)______________ splint is put near the mouth
of a test tube filled with hydrogen gas, a
(b)______________ sound will be heard.
[Ans] (a) burning (b) pop
2B100103Q022Eng
273
Some (a)______________, such as magnesium and iron,

react with dilute acid to produce (b)______________ gas.
[Ans] (a) metals (b) hydrogen
2B100103Q023Eng
(a)______________ and (b)______________ mainly
contain calcium carbonate. They react with dilute acids to
give out (c)______________ gas.
[Ans] (a) marble (b) limestone (c) carbon dioxide
2B100103Q024Eng
If a piece of zinc is added to a test tube containing dilute
hydrochloric acid, (a)______________ gas will be given
out. The gas can be tested with a/an (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) hydrogen (b) burning splint
2B100203Q025Eng
Limestone and marble contain the chemical
(a)______________ . It dissolves in acids and gives out
(b)______________ gas that turns (c)______________
milky.
[Ans] (a) calcium carbonate (b) carbon dioxide (c) lime
274
water
2B100103Q026Eng
Concentrated acids and alkalis are highly
______________ . We should handle them with great care.
[Ans] corrosive
275
2B100203Q027Eng
Some metals such as ______________ have no reactions
with dilute acids.
[Ans] copper
2B100103Q028Eng
The presence of hydrogen gas can be tested by using
(a)______________ , while the presence of carbon dioxide
can be tested by using (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) a burning splint (b) lime water
2B100103Q029Eng
The rate of reaction of zinc with dilute sulphuric acid is
______________ than that of iron with dilute sulphuric
acid.
[Ans] higher

2B100103Q030Eng
When diluting concentrated acids, we should wear
(a)______________ , (b)______________ and
(c)______________ .
276
[Ans] (a) safety goggles (b) a laboratory coat (c) gloves
2B100103Q031Eng
The hazard warning label ______________ should be
put on containers containing concentrated acids and
alkalis.
[Ans] corrosive
2B100103Q032Eng
When diluting a concentrated acid, we should add a small
amount of the (a)______________ to a large amount of
(b)______________ with continuous
(c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) acid (b) water (c) stirring
2B100103Q033Eng
(a)______________ and (b)______________ are
examples of strong alkalis.
[Ans] (a) sodium hydroxide (b) potassium hydroxide
2B100103Q034Eng
(a)______________ acids contain a low percentage of
acids in water whereas (b)______________ acids contain
277
a high percentage of acids in water.

[Ans] (a) Dilute (b) concentrated
2B100103Q035Eng
If some acids are getting into the eyes, we should wash the
affected eyes using an ______________ .
[Ans] eye-wash bottle
278
2B100203Q036Eng
When diluting concentrated acids, we should perform the
experiment in a (a)______________ . This prevents
(b)______________ of the acids from irritating our eyes
and (c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) fume cupboard (b) vapours (c) respiratory
system
2B10003Q037Eng
If there are some acids spilt on our skin, we should wash
the affected area with a large amount of ______________ .
[Ans] water
10.5 Acid Rain

2B100103Q038Eng
(a)______________ and (b)______________ are the
acidic pollutant gases in the atmosphere that cause the
formation of acid rain.
[Ans] (a) Sulphur dioxide (b) nitrogen oxides
2B100103Q039Eng
Normal rainwater is acidic because (a)______________ is
279
present naturally in the atmosphere and it dissolves in

rainwater to form (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) carbon dioxide (b) carbonic acid
2B100103Q040Eng
When fuels are burnt in the engines of motor vehicles,
(a)______________ and (b)______________ are released.
[Ans] (a) nitrogen oxides (b) sulphur dioxide
2B100103Q041Eng
The main sources of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
in the air are (a)______________ , (b)______________
and (c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) motor vehicles (b) power stations (c) factories
2B100103Q042Eng
Acid rain (a)______________ the buildings and statues
that are made of (b)______________ ,
(c)______________ and (d)______________ .
[Ans] (a) corrodes (b) marble (c) limestone (d) metals
2B100103Q043Eng
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are acidic
280
(a)______________ released from power stations,

factories and vehicles. When these gases dissolve in
rainwater, (b)______________ will be formed.
[Ans] (a) air pollutants (b) acid rain
281
2B100103Q044Eng
Acid rain makes the soil too (a)______________ for
plants to grow. It also damages leaves and makes plants
unable to produce (b)______________ .
[Ans] (a) acidic (b) food
2B100103Q045Eng
Some fishes are very sensitive to the pH value of water.
Acid rain (a)______________ the acidity of the water in
lakes and thus (b)______________the aquatic lives.
[Ans] (a) increases (b) kills
2B100103Q046Eng
(extension) Using alternative energy sources such as
(a)______________ and using fuels with
(b)______________ sulphur content are two ways to
control acid rain.
[Ans] (a) solar energy / hydroelectric energy / wind
energy / tidal energy (Any one of them) (b) low
2B100103Q047Eng
(extension) Installing ______________ in vehicles is a
282
preventive measure against acid rain.

[Ans] catalytic converters
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100103Q048Eng
(a)______________ occurs when an alkali is mixed with
an acid until the resulting solution becomes
(b)______________ (pH = 7).
[Ans] (a) Neutralisation (b) neutral
2B100103Q049Eng
If the soil is too acidic, (a)______________ or
(b)______________ can be added to the soil to raise the
(c)______________ to a suitable level.
[Ans] (a) slaked lime (b) powdered limestone (c) pH
value
2B100103Q050Eng
When potassium hydroxide and sulphuric acid neutralise
each other, (a)______________ and (b)______________
are formed.
[Ans] (a) potassium sulphate (b) water
283
2B100103Q051Eng
The word equation for neutralisation is:
(a)______________ + (b)______________
(c)______________ + (d)______________
[Ans] (a) Acid (b) Alkali (c) Salt (d) Water
284
2B100103Q052Eng
An antacid contains (a)______________ alkalis. It is often
used to (b)______________ the excess acid in the
stomach.
[Ans] (a) weak (b) neutralise
2B100103Q053Eng
Wasps give (a)______________ stings. The stings can be
neutralised by using a (b)______________ such as
(c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) alkaline (b) weak acid (c) vinegar
2B100103Q054Eng
Mosquitoes give (a)______________ stings. The stings
can be neutralised by using a (b)______________ such as
(c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) acidic (b) weak alkali (c) baking soda
2B100103Q055Eng
Industrial waste has to be treated before
(a)______________. Acidic waste can be neutralised by
adding (b)______________, while alkaline waste can be
285
neutralised by adding (c)______________ .

[Ans] (a) discharge (b) alkalis (c) acids
2B100103Q056Eng
Antacids contain weak alkalis such as (a)______________
and (b)______________. They are often used to neutralise
the excess (c)______________ in the stomach.
[Ans] (a) magnesium hydroxide (b) aluminium
hydroxide (c) acid

2B100203Q057Eng
The greyish brown deposit found inside a kettle is mainly
(a)______________ . It can be cleaned by adding
(b)______________ or (c)______________ .
[Ans] (a) calcium carbonate (b) vinegar (c) lemon juice
2B100103Q058Eng
Vinegar contains (a)______________ . It can kill
(b)______________ and thus can be used to
(c)______________ food.
[Ans] (a) ethanoic acid (b) micro-organisms (c) preserve
286
2B100103Q059Eng
(extension) (a)______________ may occur in fruits such
as apples, pears and bananas when cut open. This is
because certain substances in these fruits react with
(b)______________ in the air to form brown substances.
[Ans] (a) Browning (b) oxygen
287
2B100103Q060Eng
Glass cleaners contain alkalis such as (a)______________
for removing grease. Toilet cleaners contain acids such as
(b)______________ for dissolving stains.
[Ans] (a) ammonia (b) hydrochloric acid
Short Questions

2B100104Q001Eng
(a) Give TWO household products that contain acids.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Give TWO household products that contain alkalis.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Vinegar / soft drinks / fruit juices (any two of them)
288
(b) Glass cleaners / toothpaste / detergents (any two of

them)
2B100104Q002Eng
Many domestic products contain alkalis.
(a) Give TWO common properties of alkalis.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Give THREE domestic products that contain alkalis.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Give ONE example of domestic cleaners that contains
acids but not alkalis.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Alkalis taste bitter and feel soap or slippery.
(b) Soap, toothpaste, drain cleaners, oven cleaners (Any
three of them)
(c) Toilet cleaners

289
2B100104Q003Eng
Consider the following daily-life products:
lemon juice, antacid, oven cleaner, soap solution, orange
juice, vinegar
(a) Which of the above products is/are acidic?

____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Which of the above products is/are alkaline?
____________________________________________
______________________________
290
(c) Which of the above two products contain the same

acid? Write down the name of this acid.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) Which of the above products is corrosive?
____________________________________________
______________________________
(e) State ONE safety precaution when handling this
product.
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Lemon juice, orange juice and vinegar
(b) Antacid, oven cleaner and soap solution
(c) Lemon juice and orange juice. The acid contained is
citric acid.
(d) Oven cleaner
(e) Wear protective gloves.
2B100104Q004Eng
Below is a photo of a bottle of sodium hydroxide solution:
291
(a) Is sodium hydroxide solution an acid or an alkali?

Suggest ONE simple test to determine its pH value.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) The following hazard warning label is put on the
bottle:
What does this hazard warning label mean?

____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Sodium hydroxide solution is an alkali. Its pH value
can be tested by using pH paper / universal indicator /
pH meter (any one of them).
292
(b) Corrosive
293
2B100104Q005Eng
Below are the photos of four solutions:
Concentrate Fresh milk Lemon juice Glass

d sulphuric cleaner
acid
(a) Arrange the above four solutions in an ascending order
of pH values.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) (i) Which of the solutions is/are alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What is the colour change of blue litmus paper in
this/these solution(s)?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)What is the colour change of red litmus paper in
this/these solution(s)?
294
________________________________________
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a) Concentrated sulphuric acid < lemon juice < fresh
milk < glass cleaner
(b) (i) Glass cleaner
(ii) It does not change the colour of blue litmus paper.
(iii) It turns red litmus paper blue.
2B100204Q006Eng
The following table shows the colours of four plant
extracts and their colours in acids and alkalis.
Plant Original Colour in Colour in
extract colour acids alkalis
A Purple Purple Green
B Red Yellow Blue
C Green Orange Green
D Orange Orange Orange
(a) Which of the plant extracts can be used as a natural
indicator?
____________________________________________
295
______________________________
(b) Which of the plant extracts can be used to test for
acids?
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) When plant extract C is put into solution X, there is no
colour change. Do you think solution X will change
the colour of red litmus paper? Explain your answer
briefly.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
296
[Ans]
(a) A, B and C
(b) B and C
(c) Solution X does not change the colour of red litmus
paper. It is because there is no colour change when
plant extract C is put into solution X. This indicates
that solution X is either alkaline or neutral. Both
alkaline and neutral solutions do not change the colour
of red litmus paper.
2B100104Q007Eng
The following table shows the pH values of five different
solutions:
Solutio A B C D E
n
pH 2.0 9.0 7.0 4.5 13.0
value
(a) Which solution(s) is/are

(i) strongly acidic?
________________________________________
297
_____________________________
(ii) weakly acidic?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)neutral?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iv) weakly alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(v) strongly alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(b) Which TWO of the solutions are the most corrosive?
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Solution A
(ii) Solution D
(iii) Solution C
(iv) Solution B
298
(v) Solution E
(b) Solutions A and E
2B100104Q008Eng
The pH values of five solutions are shown in the following
table:
Solutio A B C D E
n
pH 1 9 13 5 7
value
(a) Which solution(s) is/are weakly acidic?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Which solution(s) is/are weakly alkaline?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
299
(c) Which solution(s) can turn blue litmus paper red?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Which solution(s) can turn red litmus paper blue?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Solution D
(b) Solution B
(c) Solutions A and D
(d) Solutions B and C

2B100204Q009Eng
Normal rain water is neutral. Is this statement correct?
Explain your answer briefly.
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
[Ans]
300
Normal rain water is not neutral. This is because carbon

dioxide is present naturally in the atmosphere. It dissolves
in the small water droplets in the sky which form rain.
Therefore, rain water contains carbonic acid and is slightly
acidic.
2B100204Q010Eng
For each of the following combinations, describe a test to
distinguish them and state any observable changes.
(a) Zinc and copper
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
301
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) When zinc beads are put into dilute hydrochloric acid,
some colourless gas bubbles are evolved. On the other
hand, copper strips have no reaction with dilute
hydrochloric acid.
(b) When a burning splint is put near the mouth of a test
tube filled with hydrogen gas, a pop sound is heard.
However, when a burning splint is put near the mouth
of a test tube filled with carbon dioxide gas, no pop
sound will be heard. (Or any other reasonable answer)
302
2B100104Q011Eng
Lisa added a few pieces of marble into a test tube
containing dilute hydrochloric acid as shown below:
marble
(a) (i) Some colourless gas bubbles are produced. What

is this gas?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest a test for this gas.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(b) What substance in the marble reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid to produce the gas in (a) (i)?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Carbon dioxide gas
(ii) Fit a delivery tube into the test tube and put the
other end into a test tube of lime water. Carbon
303
dioxide will turn the lime water milky.

(b) Calcium carbonate
2B100104Q012Eng
The following photos show two kinds of cooking utensils.
Iron pot Clay pot

Mrs. Ho wants to cook food with vinegar. Which cooking
utensil would you suggest her to use? Briefly explain your
answer.
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
[Ans]
304
Clay pot. This is because vinegar contains ethanoic acid

which reacts with iron to produce harmful substances. On
the other hand, vinegar does not react with clay. Therefore,
it is safe to use clay pot to cook food with vinegar.
305
2B100204Q013Eng
Lawrence tried to show that acidic solutions can corrode
limestone and carbon dioxide gas is released. His
experimental set-up is shown below:
stopper delivery tube
limewater dilute hydrochloric

acid
limestone
chips
However, there are no observable changes for the above

experiment. His teacher found that there are two mistakes
in his experimental set-up. What are the mistakes in his
experimental set-up? Draw a correct labelled experimental
set-up in the space provided.
306
[Ans]
delivery tube
stopper
dilute hydrochloric acid lime water
limestone chips
307
2B100104Q014Eng
Tom added some magnesium ribbons into a test tube
containing dilute nitric acid as shown below:
dilute nitric acid
magnesium ribbons
(a) (i) Some colourless gas bubbles are produced. What

is this gas?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest a test for this gas.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(b) How do the magnesium ribbons change finally?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Hydrogen gas
(ii) When a burning splint is put near the mouth of the
test tube, a pop sound is heard.
(b) The magnesium ribbons dissolve in the acid and
308
disappear finally.

2B100104Q015Eng
Charles is going to dilute concentrated sulphuric acid by
adding water to the acid.
water
concentrated
sulphuric acid
(a) What are the potential dangers of this method of

diluting a concentrated acid?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) With the help of a labelled diagram, briefly describe
the proper procedures for diluting concentrated acids.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
309
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
310
[Ans]
(a) Concentrated sulphuric acid reacts with water and give
out a lot of heat that may cause it to splash out.
(b)
311
glove
glass rod
concentrated sulphuric acid
water
Wear safety spectacles, a laboratory coat and gloves.

Perform the experiment in a fume cupboard.
Add concentrated sulphuric acid slowly to a large
amount of water and stir it carefully with a glass rod.
2B100104Q016Eng
Look at the following picture:
312
State THREE safety measures for handling strong acids

and alkalis. Give a reason for each of them.
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________________________
[Ans]
Stick the hazard warning label corrosive on the surface
of the container. Reason: To warn users about the
corrosive property of the chemical.
Wear safety goggles. Reason: To prevent strong acids
and alkalis from getting into our eyes (which can cause
severe injuries and even blindness).
Put on protective gloves. Reason: To prevent our skin
from contacting strong acids and alkalis (which can cause
severe burns).
Wear a laboratory coat. Reason: To prevent our body and
clothes from contacting strong acids and alkalis (which
can cause severe burns).
313
Perform in a fume cupboard. Reason: To prevent toxic

acid and alkali vapours from irritating our eyes and
respiratory system.
(Any three of them)
2B100104Q017Eng
Briefly describe what should be done if
(a) some dilute acids spill onto our skin.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) some dilute alkalis spill onto the bench.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Wash the affected area under running water
immediately.
(b) Add water to the affected area and clean it with a cloth
314
according to your teachers instructions. Wash the

cloth well and clean the affected area with water
several times.
2B100104Q018Eng
For each of the following pairs of solutions, which one is
more corrosive? Explain your answer briefly.
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Dilute potassium hydroxide solution and lime water
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Dilute sulphuric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
315
_______________________________
316
(d) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution and concentrated

sodium hydroxide solution
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid. This is because hydrochloric
acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
(b) Dilute potassium hydroxide solution. This is because
potassium hydroxide is a strong alkali and lime water
is a weak alkali.
(c) Concentrated sulphuric acid. This is because
concentrated sulphuric acid contains a higher
percentage of acid in water than dilute sulphuric acid.
(d) Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. This is
because concentrated sodium hydroxide solution
contains a higher percentage of alkali in water than
dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
10.5 Acid Rain
317
2B100104Q019Eng
(a) Suggest THREE sources of sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides in the air.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) How do sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides affect the
pH value of rainwater when these gases dissolve in it?
What is the product called?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Motor vehicles, power stations and factories
(b) They decrease the pH value of rainwater and make it
acidic.
The product is called acid rain.
318
2B100104Q020Eng
(a) Suggest THREE effects of acid rain on the
environment.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) (extension) Suggest THREE ways to reduce air
pollution so as to prevent acid rain.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Acid rain corrodes structures made of metals, marble
and limestone.
319
Acid rain may kill fish and plants in lakes and rivers.
Acid rain affects plant growth and may even kill plants
and trees.
(Or other three reasonable answers)
320
(b) Saving energy. / Using alternative energy sources like

solar energy. / Using high-grade fuels with low
sulphur content. / Removing pollutants from the
exhaust gas of vehicles. / Educating the public about
the harmful effects of acid rain and the ways of
reducing air pollution.
(Any three of them or other three reasonable answers)
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100104Q021Eng
(a) What is the meaning of neutralisation?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Write a word equation to represent the neutralisation
between sulphuric acid and calcium hydroxide.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Neutralisation is a reaction when an alkali is mixed
321
with an acid until the resulting solution becomes

neutral (pH = 7).
(b) Sulphuric acid + Calcium hydroxide Calcium
sulphate + Water
2B100104Q022Eng
(a) Arrange the following substances in an increasing
order of acidity.
Salt water, lemon juice, toothpaste, hydrochloric acid,
potassium hydroxide
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Write a word equation for the reaction between
hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What substance can be used to react with hydrochloric
acid to form table salt?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
322
(a) Potassium hydroxide < toothpaste < salt water <

lemon juice < hydrochloric acid
(b) Hydrochloric acid + Potassium hydroxide
Potassium chloride + Water
(c) Sodium hydroxide
2B100104Q023Eng
Susan mixed an appropriate amount of acid X and alkali Y
together. She added the neutralised solution to a watch
glass. She then put the watch glass over a beaker of water
and the water is heated over a Bunsen burner.
neutralised solution
323
(a) What is evaporated when the solution is heated?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) If the residue left in the watch glass is table salt, can
you suggest what acid X and alkali Y are?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Write a word equation for the reaction between acid X
and alkali Y.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Water
(b) Acid X: Hydrochloric acid Alkali Y: Sodium
hydroxide
(c) Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide Sodium
chloride + Water
2B100204Q024Eng
Mark used a dropper to add dilute potassium hydroxide
solution drop by drop into a flask containing dilute
324
hydrochloric acid and universal indicator.
dilute potassium
hydroxide solution

with universal indicator
(a) How do the pH value and the acidity of the solution

change?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) What is the reaction between dilute potassium
hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid
called?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What is/are the product(s) of the reaction?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Write a word equation for the reaction involved.
____________________________________________
325
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) The pH value increases slowly and the acidity of the
solution decreases slowly.
(b) Neutralisation
(c) Potassium chloride and water
(d) Potassium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Potassium chloride + Water
326
2B100104Q025Eng
The table below shows the suitable pH ranges for the
growth of some plants:
Plant Suitable soil pH for
growth
Potato 5.0 6.5
Rose 5.5 7.0
Beans 6.0 7.5
Forget-me-not 6.0 8.0
(a) How can farmers determine the pH value of soil?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) If the pH value of the soil is 7.0, which plants can
grow healthily in the soil?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) If the pH value of the soil is 8.0, which plants can
grow healthily in the soil?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
327
(d) Sometimes farmers will add some slaked lime to the

soil. What is the purpose of doing this?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) By using pH paper or universal indicator.
(b) Rose, beans and forget-me-not
(c) Forget-me-not
(d) Slaked lime can be added to the soil to raise the pH
value to a suitable level.
2B100104Q026Eng
Suggest a substance that is suitable for treating each of the
following.
(a) Stomach-ache caused by the presence of excess acid in
the stomach
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) A wasp sting
____________________________________________
_______________________________
328
(c) A bee sting

____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Antacid / magnesium hydroxide / aluminium
hydroxide (any one of them)
(b) Vinegar / ethanoic acid (any one of them)
(c) Baking soda / sodium hydrogencarbonate (any one of
them)
2B100104Q027Eng
Antacids contain weak alkalis.
(a) Suggest TWO weak alkalis that can be found in
antacids.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Why can antacids help to relieve stomach-ache?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
329
(c) Why do antacids not contain strong alkalis?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide
(b) Antacids can neutralise the excess acid in the stomach.
(c) Strong alkalis are corrosive and can hurt the stomach.

2B100104Q028Eng
The following photo shows a toilet cleaner:
(a) The toilet cleaner contains hydrochloric acid. How

does the acid help to clean toilets?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
330
(b) What do you expect about the pH value of the toilet

cleaner, below 7, above 7 or at 7? Why?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Suggest ONE safety precaution when using this toilet
cleaner.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Hydrochloric acid helps dissolve stubborn stains in
toilets.
(b) Below pH 7. Acids have pH values below 7.
(c) Wear protective gloves. (Or any reasonable answers)
2B100104Q029Eng
The following photo shows a bottle of pickled cucumber
and its ingredient label:
331
Pickled Cucumber
Ingredients:
Cucumber, vinegar, sugar,
salt, flavourings
(a) What acid does vinegar contain? What is purpose of

adding vinegar?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) What is the name of this method of preserving food?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
332
[Ans]
(a) Vinegar contains ethanoic acid. Acids can kill micro-
organisms and can be used to preserve foods.
(b) Pickling
2B100104Q030Eng
(extension) After cutting open an apple, its cut surfaces
turn brown in a few minutes.
(a) How does the browning of an apple occur?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Suggest ONE way to prevent browning of apples.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
333
[Ans]
(a) Browning of apples is due to the formation of brown
substances when certain substances in apples react
with oxygen in the air.
(b) Browning of apples can be slowed down by brushing
the cut surfaces with a weak acid solution such as
lemon juice or vinegar.
2B100104Q031Eng
Read the following passage and answer the questions that
follow:
Stomach juice contains hydrochloric acid that helps digestion of food.
However, when we are under stress, the stomach may produce too much acid.
This causes stomach-ache. Stomach-ache can be treated by taking antacids.
(a) What is the acid produced by the stomach? What is its

function?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) What is the cause of stomach-ache?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
334
(c) What is the common active ingredient found in

antacids?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) What is the kind of reaction between the active
ingredient mentioned in (c) and hydrochloric acid?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(e) Write a word equation for the reaction in (d).
____________________________________________
_______________________________
335
[Ans]
(a) Hydrochloric acid. It helps digestion of food.
(b) Stomach-ache is caused by the excretion of too much
hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
(c) Magnesium hydroxide / aluminium hydroxide (any
one of them)
(d) Neutralisation
(e) Magnesium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Magnesium chloride + Water
Aluminium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Aluminium chloride + Water
(Any one of them)
Long Questions
2B100105Q001Eng
The table below shows the pH values of five different
solutions:
Soluti A B C D E
on
pH 5.6 7.0 13.0 3.0 8.5
336
value
(a) Explain how to use universal indicator to determine
the pH values of the above solutions.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) (i) Which solution is distilled water? Why?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What are the observable changes when blue and
red litmus papers are put in distilled water
respectively?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) (i) Which solution is probably rainwater? Why?
337
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) How does the pH value of rainwater change if
nitrogen oxides dissolve in it? Why?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(d) (i) Which solution would you use to neutralise
solution C?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Write a word equation for neutralisation between
an acid and an alkali.
________________________________________
_____________________________
338
[Ans]
(a) Add universal indicator into each of the solutions and
observe the colour changes. Match the colours of
universal indicator with the pH colour chart to find out
the pH values of the solutions.
(b) (i) Solution B, because distilled water has a pH value
of 7.0.
(ii) Distilled water does not change the colours of both
blue and red litmus papers.
(c) (i) Solution A, because the carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere dissolves in the water droplets of
rainwater to form carbonic acid.
(ii) The pH value of rainwater decreases because nitric
acid is formed if nitrogen oxides dissolve in it.
(d) (i) Solution D
(ii) Acid + Alkali Salt + Water
2B100105Q002Eng
Alice conducted an experiment to study which materials
can resist the corrosion of acids. Her experimental set-up
is shown below:
339
dilute acid dilute acid dilute acid dilute acid
gas bubble gas bubble
iron strip aluminium strip wooden piece limestone piece
A B C D
(a) To ensure a fair test, which variables should be kept
constant? Suggest TWO of them.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) According to the experimental results shown above,
which materials can resist corrosion?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) (i) What are the gases given out in test tubes A and D
respectively?
________________________________________
340
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest suitable tests for the gases mentioned in
(i).
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(d) Which pot, aluminium pot or iron pot, should be used
to cook acidic food?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(e) Which cleaner, acidic or alkaline, should be used to
clean limestone surface?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
341
[Ans]
(a) Type of acid / concentration of acid / temperature (any
two of them)
(b) Aluminium and wood
(c) (i) Test tube A: Hydrogen gas Test tube D: Carbon
dioxide gas
(ii) A pop sound is heard if a burning splint is put
near the mouth of the test tube containing hydrogen
gas.
Carbon dioxide gas can turn lime water milky.
(d) Aluminium pot
(e) Alkaline cleaner
2B100105Q003Eng
Jason added some zinc beads into a test tube of solution X.
Then he put some cotton wool into the mouth of the test
tube.
solution X
zinc beads
(a) Suggest ONE simple test to find out whether solution
342
X is an acid.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Some gas bubbles are produced. Suggest ONE test to
find out if the gas is
(i) oxygen
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) carbon dioxide
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)hydrogen
________________________________________
343
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) (i) What is the purpose of the cotton wool in the set-
up?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What may happen if a stopper is used instead of
cotton wool?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
344
[Ans]
(a) Add one drop of solution X to a piece of pH paper.
Observe the colour of the pH paper. Match it with the
pH colour chart to find out the pH value of solution X.
If the pH value of solution X is below 7, it is an acid.
(Or other reasonable answers)
(b) (i) Put a glowing splint into the test tube. If the gas is
oxygen is oxygen, the glowing splint will relight.
(ii) Fit a delivery tube into the test tube and put the
other end into another test tube containing lime water.
If the gas is carbon dioxide, the lime water will turn
milky.
(iii) Put a burning splint near the mouth of the test
tube. If the gas is hydrogen, a pop sound will be
heard.
(c) (i) To avoid the gas to escape out of the test tube.
(ii) Too much gas may be held in the test tube and may
explode suddenly.
2B100205Q004Eng
The following map shows the locations of two towns, A
345
and B:
Town A
Lake
Town B
The pH values of rainwater in towns A and B are shown in

the following table:
Town A Town B
pH value of 5.6 3.0
rainwater
(a) Which town is more developed? State your reasons.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Although the rainwater in town A is slightly acidic,
environmentalists claimed that there is no acid rain in
346
town A. Why?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) The number of fish in the lake drops in recent years.
State ONE possible reason.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
347
(d) Suggest TWO causes of acid rain in town B.

____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(e) (extension) Suggest TWO ways to reduce the effect of
acid rain in town B.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Town B. This is because the problem of acid rain is
more serious. It means the levels of sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides are higher. These gases are
produced mainly by motor vehicles, factories and
power stations.
(b) Carbon dioxide is present naturally in the atmosphere.
It dissolves in the small water droplets in the sky
which form rain. Thus rainwater contains carbonic
acid and is slightly acidic.
348
(c) Acid rain flows into the lake. It causes the pH of the
lake water to decrease. The high acidity of lake water
kills aquatic lives.
(d) Motor vehicles / power stations / factories (any two of
them)
(e) Saving energy / using alternative sources such as solar
energy / using high-grade fuels with low sulphur
content / installing catalytic converters in vehicles to
remove pollutants from the exhaust gas of vehicles /
educating the public about the harmful effects of acid
rain and the ways of reducing air pollution (any two of
them)
2B100205Q005Eng
Sandy added a few pieces of marble into a test tube
containing dilute hydrochloric acid.
marble
(a) (i) Suggest ONE method to dilute hydrochloric acid

safely.
349
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What precautions should Sandy take?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
350
(b) Sandy wants to find out whether the gas given out is
carbon dioxide.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram in the box below to show
her set-up.
(ii) What is the observation if the gas is carbon

dioxide?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) What will Sandy observe if
(i) a magnesium ribbon is used instead of marble?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) water is used instead of dilute hydrochloric acid?
________________________________________
351
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Add concentrated hydrochloric acid slowly to a
large amount of water and stir it carefully with a glass
rod during dilution.
(ii) Wear safety spectacles, a laboratory coat and
gloves. Perform the experiment in a fume cupboard.
(b) (i)
delivery tube
lime water
marble
(ii) The lime water will turn milky.

(c) (i) Gas bubbles will be produced and the test tube will
become warm.
(ii) There are no observable changes.
352
2B100205Q006Eng
The diagram below shows a method of diluting a
concentrated alkali.
water
concentrated alkali
(a) What is the danger of the above method?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) In the box below, draw a labelled diagram to show the
correct method of dilution.
353
(c) (i) Suggest ONE example of strong alkalis.

________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Why must we handle strong alkalis carefully?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(d) If some alkalis get into our eyes, what should we do
immediately?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
354
[Ans]
(a) The concentrated alkali reacts with water and gives
out a lot of heat that may cause them to splash out.
(b)
glass rod
concentrated alkali
water
(c) (i) Sodium hydroxide / potassium hydroxide (any one

of them or any other reasonable answers)
(ii) It is corrosive. (Or any other reasonable answers)
(d) Wash the affected eye(s) using an eye-wash bottle or
under slowly running water immediately.
2B100105Q007Eng
The photo below shows a helicopter spreading limestone
powder over an acidic lake.
(a) Acid rain can make a lake become acidic. How is acid
355
rain formed?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) (i) Suggest ONE simple test to find out the pH value
of the lake water.
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest the possible range of pH values of the
acidic lake water.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) How does the acidic water affect the organisms in the
lake?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
356
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) (i) Is limestone acidic or alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What is the purpose of spreading limestone over
an acidic lake?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
357
[Ans]
(a) Acid rain is formed when acidic air pollutants such as
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in
rainwater in the air to form acids.
(b) (i) Collect some water sample from the lake. Use a
dropper to add one drop of the lake water to a piece of
pH paper. Observe the colour of the pH paper. Match
it with the pH colour chart to find out the pH value of
the lake water. If the pH value is below 7, the lake
water is acidic. (Or any other reasonable answers)
(ii) Between 3 and 5
(c) Many organisms cannot survive in water of low pH
values. They will die.
(d) (i) It is alkaline.
(ii) To neutralise the acid in the lake. / To increase the
pH value of the lake water.
2B100105Q008Eng
The photo below shows a marble statue damaged by acid
rain.
358
(a) How did acid rain damage the marble statue?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Suggest ONE effect of acid rain on the following
aspects:
(i) iron water pipes
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) soil
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)economy () of a society
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) (i) (extension) Suggest TWO preventive measures
against acid rain.
________________________________________
359
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest TWO ways to reduce air pollution in our
daily life.
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
360
[Ans]
(a) Marble contains calcium carbonate that reacts with
acid rain and dissolves in it.
(b) (i) Iron reacts with acid rain and dissolves in it. (Or
any other reasonable answers)
(ii) Acid rain will make the soil too acidic and
unsuitable for plant growth. This causes the yield of
crops to decrease. (Or any other reasonable answers)
(iii) A large amount of money has to be spent on
maintaining the damaged buildings and structures. (Or
any other reasonable answers)
(c) (i) Using alternative energy sources like solar
energy.
Using high-grade fuels with low sulphur content.
Removing pollutants from the exhaust gas of
vehicles, e.g. using catalytic converters.
Educating the public about the harmful effects of
acid rain and the ways of reducing air pollution.
(Any two of them or any other reasonable
answers)
(ii) Turn off electrical appliances when we are not
361
using them.
Use public transport such as MTR instead of
private cars whenever possible.
Turn off the car engine when waiting.
(Any two of them or any other reasonable
answers)
2B100105Q009Eng
An experiment was carried out to investigate the change in
pH value of the mixture during the neutralisation of dilute
sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid.
The table below shows the experimental results:
Volume of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
acid
added to
5 cm3 of
sodium
hydroxide
solution
(cm3)
pH value 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 7 3 2.5 2.3 2.1 2
362
of the
mixture
(a) Plot a graph to show the above results.
363
(b) From the graph,

(i) estimate the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid
needed to neutralise sodium hydroxide.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What is the pH value of the neutralised mixture?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) Write a word equation for the neutralisation.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) How does the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid
needed to neutralise sodium hydroxide solution
change if
(i) more concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is
used?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) more concentrated hydrochloric acid is used?
________________________________________
_____________________________
364
(iii)more universal indicator is added to the mixture?

________________________________________
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a)
(b) (i) 5 cm3

(ii) 7
(c) Sodium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Sodium
chloride + Water
(d) (i) The volume of dilute hydrochloric acid needed will
increase.
(ii) The volume of dilute hydrochloric acid needed will
decrease.
365
(iii) The volume of dilute hydrochloric acid needed

will not change.
366
2B100105Q010Eng
Jenny neutralised potassium hydroxide solution with dilute
sulphuric acid. She then put some of the neutralised
mixture on a watch glass as shown below:
neutralised mixture
(a) (i) What is the pH value of the neutralised mixture?

________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Besides using universal indicator, suggest ONE
simple test to confirm the pH value stated in (a)(i).
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(b) Write a word equation for the neutralisation.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) The neutralised solution was evaporated to obtain
some white solids. Draw a labelled diagram of the set-
up for evaporation.
367
(d) Suggest TWO daily uses of neutralisation.

____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) The pH value is 7.0.
(ii) Use both blue and red litmus paper. If the pH value
is 7.0, the colours of both litmus papers will not
change.
(b) Potassium hydroxide + Sulphuric acid Potassium
sulphate + Water
368
(c)
neutralised solution
water
wire gauze
tripod
Bunsen burner
(d) Relieving stomach-ache with antacids.

Treating alkaline and acidic stings or bites with weak
acids or weak alkalis respectively.
Raising the pH value of acidic soil by adding slaked
lime.
Neutralising industrial wastes with alkalis or acids.
(Any two of them or any other two reasonable
answers)
2B100205Q011Eng
The photo below shows a packet of antacid tablets.
(a) How does an antacid relieve stomach-ache?

____________________________________________
_______________________________
369
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Peter wanted to find out how much acid is needed to
neutralise one antacid tablet. Write down the
procedure of his experiment.
(Hints: You may consider the following:
how to dissolve the antacid tablet,
how to determine the pH value of the mixture, and
the kind of dilute acid to be used in the experiment.)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
370
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
371
(c) The table below shows the colour changes of the

universal indicator used by Peter.
pH value of Below 7 At 7 Above 7
the mixture
Colour of the Red Green Purple
indicator
Peter found that 3 cm3 of acid X is needed to neutralise
one antacid tablet. What is the colour of the indicator
if
(i) two antacid tablets are used and 3 cm3 of the acid
is added.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) two antacid tablets are used and 6 cm3 of the acid
is added.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)one antacid tablet is used and 6 cm3 of the acid is
added.
________________________________________
372
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a) Antacids contain weak alkalis, which can be used to
neutralise the excess acid in the stomach.
(b) Crush an antacid tablet into powder and dissolve the
powder in 20 cm3 of water with a glass rod.
Pour the solution into a conical flask.
Use a dropper to add two drops of universal indicator
into the solution and shake.
Put the flask on a white tile.
Add 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to a 10 cm3
measuring cylinder.
Use a dropper to transfer 1 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric
acid to the flask of antacid solution. Shake the mixture
and record the pH value. Repeat this step several
times.
Add dilute hydrochloric acid drop by drop into the
flask while shaking the solution until the mixture
becomes acidic.
Drop the remaining dilute hydrochloric acid in the
dropper back into the measuring cylinder.
373
The volume of acid added = 10 cm3 volume of acid

left in the measuring cylinder
(c) (i) Purple
(ii) Green
(iii) Red
2B100105Q012Eng
David brought three bottles of colourless liquids to the
laboratory. He wanted to know which are acidic and which
are alkaline. Amy suggested he can do the test by tasting.
How can I test which solution is You can test them by tasting!
acidic and which solution is
alkaline?
David Amy
(a) Do you agree with Amys suggestion? State TWO

reasons.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
374
(b) If David assures that the three liquids are safe to drink,
would you agree with Amys suggestion? Why?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Suggest TWO natural substances that can be used to
test which of the liquids is acidic and which of them is
alkaline. State also the positive results.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Suggest THREE substances in the laboratory that can
be used to test which of the liquids is acidic and which
of them is alkaline. State also the positive results.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
375
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) No. We cannot eat anything in the laboratory. Also, it
is dangerous to taste unknown liquids, because some
acids and alkalis are corrosive.
(b) Tasting is not an accurate method because the sour
taste of acids and the bitter taste of alkalis could be
covered by other tastes.
(c) Red cabbage extract: It shows red or purple in acids
and green or yellow in alkalis.
Red rose extract: It shows red or pink in acids and
green or brown in alkalis.
Hydrangeas extract: It shows blue in acids and pink in
alkalis. (Any two of them)
(d) Blue litmus paper: It shows red in acids and does not
change colours in alkalis.
Red litmus paper: It shows blue in alkalis and does not
change colours in acids.
Universal indicator: It shows red or orange in acids
376
and blue or green in alkalis.

pH paper: It shows red or orange in acids and blue or
green in alkalis. (Any three of them)
2B100205Q013Eng
The following experiment was done to determine the
volume of dilute sodium hydroxide solution needed to
neutralise 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Step 3 dilute sodium

Step 1 Step 2 hydroxide solution
universal
conical flask indicator
dilute hydrochloric
acid
white tile with universal indicator
377
The table below shows the experimental results:

Volume of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 1
dilute . . . 0
sodium 5 5 5
hydroxide
solution
added
(cm3)
pH value 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 9 1 1 1
2 2 2
(a) With the help of the diagrams shown above, write the
procedures of the above steps.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
378
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) What was the use of universal indicator?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Plot a graph to show the results on the graph paper
below.
(d) From the graph, answer the following questions:

(i) What was the pH value of the original dilute
hydrochloric acid?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What was the volume of dilute sodium hydroxide
solution needed to neutralise the hydrochloric
379
acid?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)What was the pH value of solution when 9 cm3 of
dilute sodium hydroxide solution was added?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iv) What was the colour of the solution in (d)(iii)?
Was the solution acidic, neutral or alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(v) Explain your answer in (d)(iv).
________________________________________
_____________________________
(e) Write a word equation for the neutralisation involved.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
380
[Ans]
(a) Step 1: Use a measuring cylinder to add 10 cm3 of
dilute hydrochloric acid to a conical flask. Put the
flask on a white tile.
Step 2: Use a dropper to add a few drops of universal
indicator to the flask and shake.
Step 3: Use a dropper to transfer dilute sodium
hydroxide solution to the flask (1 cm3 each time)
containing dilute hydrochloric acid and universal
indicator. Shake the solution and record the pH value.
(b) It was used to show the pH value of the solution.
(c)
(d) (i) pH 1
(ii) 7.5 cm3
381
(iii) pH 12
(iv) Blue or purple, alkaline
(v) Too much sodium hydroxide solution had been
added and the solution became alkaline.
(e) Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide
Sodium
chloride + Water
2B100105Q014Eng
Acid rain is found in the Pearl River Delta Region.
(a) What is acid rain?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) State TWO air pollutants that cause the formation of
acid rain.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) State THREE harmful effects of acid rain.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
382
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) (extension) Why is acid rain not a local problem but a
global problem?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
383
(e) (extension) Suggest TWO ways to control acid rain in

the Pearl River Delta Region.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Acid rain is the rainwater that has a pH value lower
than 5.6.
(b) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
(c) Acid rain may
corrode buildings and structures,
kill fish and plants in lakes and rivers, and
slow down plant growth, and even kill plants and
trees.
(d) Air pollutants are carried by wind from one place to
another.
(e) Saving energy by using less coal and fuels.
Using alternative energy sources like solar energy.
Using high-grade fuels with low sulphur content.
Removing pollutants from the exhaust gas of
384
vehicles, e.g. using catalytic converters.

Educating the public about the harmful effects of
acid rain and the ways of reducing air pollution.
(Any two of them)
2B100105Q015Eng
Charles wants to find out which acid (X or Y) is more
corrosive to iron. He then set up the apparatus shown
below. Assume both the concentrations and volume of X
and Y are the same.
gas W gas W
acid X acid Y
iron strips
iron beads
(a) Is the experiment a fair test? Explain your answer

according to the above diagrams.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) How do you make the experiment a fair test?
____________________________________________
385
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What is gas W?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Suggest a test for gas W.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
386
[Ans]
(a) No, the experiment is not a fair test. This is because
the iron used is not of the same mass and same shape.
(b) The same amount of iron in the same form should be
used in both set-ups.
(c) Hydrogen
(d) Put a burning splint near the mouth of the test tube
containing gas W. If gas W is hydrogen, a pop sound
will be heard.
2B100205Q016Eng
Kathy designed an experiment to show how a metal is
corroded by an acid. Her experimental set-up is shown in
the following diagram.
stopper
concentrated sulphuric acid
magnesium ribbon
(a) State THREE mistakes that Kathy made in the

experiment.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
387
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) After she corrected the mistakes in (a), what are the
expected observations?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What is the gas given out in the reaction? Suggest a
test for the gas.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) State TWO safety measures in doing this experiment.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
388
[Ans]
(a) The stopper should be replaced by cotton wool. The
high pressure built in the test tube would cause the
stopper to push out.
Too much acid was used.
Concentrated sulphuric acid should be replaced by a
dilute one. The reaction would be too vigorous if
concentrated sulphuric acid was used.
(b) The magnesium ribbon dissolved in the acid. The test
tube became warm and colourless gas bubble released.
(c) Hydrogen gas
Put a burning splint near the mouth of the test tube
containing the gas produced. If the gas produced is
hydrogen, a pop sound will be heard.
(d) Wear safety goggles and rubber gloves.
389
2B100105Q017Eng
Amy carried out the following experiment to study the
corrosive effect of acid on marble.
stopper
dilute sulphuric acid
marble chip
(a) State ONE mistake in the above set-up. Explain your

answer.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) If the mistake in (a) has been corrected, what are the
expected observations?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Amy collected the gas given out in the reaction and
used the following materials to test what the gas is.
What would be observed if the gas collected was
tested with the following materials?
390
(i) A glowing splint

________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) A burning splint
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)Lime water
________________________________________
_____________________________
(d) According to the answers in (c), can you suggest what
the gas is?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Cotton wool should be used instead of stopper because
the high pressure built in the test tube would cause the
stopper to push out suddenly.
(b) The marble chip dissolved in the acid. Colourless gas
bubbles released.
(c) (i) No observable changes
(ii) No observable changes
391
(iii) The lime water turns milky.

(d) Carbon dioxide gas
2B100205Q018Eng
When you open a can of soft drink, gas bubbles come out.
(a) What is this gas?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
392
(b) Draw a labelled set-up to show the gas bubbles come

out is the gas in (a). State also the observable
change(s).
(c) An acid is formed when the gas in (a) dissolves in

water. What is this acid?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Besides the acid in (c), suggest TWO other acids that
can be found in soft drinks.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b)
393
lime water
soft drinks
heat
The lime water turns milky.

(c) Carbonic acid
(d) Citric acid and phosphoric acid
2B100105Q019Eng
Mr. Wong is a farmer. He tests the pH values of the soil is
his field annually. The data from 2004 to 2008 is shown in
the table below:
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
pH value 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.0 5.5
of soil
(a) Plot a bar chart to present the data on the graph paper
provided.
(b) Describe the change in pH value of the soil from 2004
to 2008.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
394
(c) Suggest a reason for the change in pH value of the soil

in (b).
____________________________________________
_______________________________
395
(d) Acidity in the soil is caused by the air pollutants such

as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Describe how
these pollutants can cause acidity in soil.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(e) The table below shows the suitable pH of soil for
growth of different crops:
Crop Suitable soil pH for
growth
Potato 5.0
Cabbage 7.5
Bean 6.5
Carrot 5.5
(i) Which of the crops would have the highest yield in
2008?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) If Mr. Wong wants to grow cabbage in his field,
396
what can he do to his field to make it suitable for

growing cabbage?
________________________________________
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a)
(b) The pH value of soil decreases gradually.

(c) Acid rain fell to the field.
(d) Air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides may dissolve in rainwater to form acids. This
will cause the soil to become acidic when the
rainwater falls to the field.
397
(e) (i) Carrot

(ii) He can add slaked lime to the soil to raise the pH
value to a suitable level.
398
Miscellaneous Questions
2B100106Q001Eng
The table lists the pH values of six unknown solutions.
Solution pH value
A 1
B 4
C 7
D 8
E 14
Using the letters, state which solution(s)
(a) is/are neutral.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) turn(s) red litmus paper blue.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) is the most suitable to neutralise solution E.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) is likely to be acid rain.
399
____________________________________________
______________________________
(e) is/are weakly alkaline.
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Solution C
(b) Solutions D and E
(c) Solution A
(d) Solution B
(e) Solution D
2B100106Q002Eng
The table below lists the pH values of some substances.
Substance pH value
vinegar 3
hydrochloric 0
acid
sodium 14
hydroxide
solution
400
lime water 12
distilled water 7
tap water 5
antacid solution 8.5
fresh milk 6
401
Based on the information given, complete the following

sentences by choosing the correct answers.
(a) Distilled water is neutral / acidic.
(b) Fresh milk is acidic / alkaline.
(c) Tap water is weakly / strongly acidic.
(d) Antacid solution is weakly / strongly alkaline.
(e) Hydrochloric acid turns blue / red litmus paper blue /
red.
(f) Among these solutions, sodium hydroxide solution has
the highest acidity / alkalinity.
[Ans]
(a) neutral
(b) acidic
(c) weakly
(d) weakly
(e) blue, red
(f) alkalinity
2B100106Q003Eng
Arrange the following substances in an increasing order of
acidity.
402
(a) soap solution, oven cleaner, vinegar, tap water

____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) lime water, rain water, acid rain, pure water
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) bench sodium hydroxide, toilet cleaner, drain cleaner,
glass cleaner
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) orange juice, fresh milk, stomach juice, toothpaste
solution
____________________________________________
______________________________
(e) coke, distilled water, bench hydrochloric acid, lemon
juice
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) oven cleaner, soap solution, tap water, vinegar
(b) lime water, pure water, rain water, acid rain
403
(c) bench sodium hydroxide, drain cleaner, glass cleaner,

toilet cleaner
(d) toothpaste solution, fresh milk, orange juice, stomach
juice
(e) distilled water, coke, lemon juice, bench hydrochloric
acid
2B100106Q004Eng
Compare each of the following substances. Which of them
is more corrosive?
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and concentrated
hydrochloric acid
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) Concentrated sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric
acid
____________________________________________
______________________________
404
(d) Dilute ammonia solution and dilute sodium hydroxide

solution
____________________________________________
______________________________
(e) Concentrated potassium hydroxide solution and dilute
sodium hydroxide solution
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Concentrated hydrochloric acid
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid
(c) Concentrated sulphuric acid
(d) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution
(e) Concentrated potassium hydroxide solution
2B100106Q005Eng
Match the daily products on the left with the
corresponding pH values on the right. Write your answer
in the blanks below.
Daily product pH value
(a) antacid (i) pH 7
405
(b) drain cleaner (ii) pH 3

(c) distilled water (iii) pH 9
(d) tap water (iv) pH 5
(e) vinegar (v) pH 13
(a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______
(e) ______
[Ans]
(a) iii (b) v (c) i (d) iv (e) ii
2B100106Q006Eng
Match the substances on the left with the corresponding
degree of acidity/alkalinity on the right. Write your answer
in the blanks below.
Substance Degree of
(a) soap solution acidity/alkali
(b) oven cleaner nity
(c) tap water (i) strongly acidic
(d) sulphuric acid (ii) weakly acidic
(e) ammonia (iii) neutral
solution (iv) weakly
(f) vinegar alkaline
406
(g) pure water (v) strongly

alkaline
(a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______
(e) ______ (f) ______ (g) ______
[Ans]
(a) iv (b) v (c) ii (d) i (e) iv (f) ii (g) iii
407
2B100106Q007Eng
Match the following substances on the left with the
corresponding daily uses. Write your answer in the blanks
below.
Substance Daily use
(a) antacids (i) to treat stings of
(b) slaked lime wasps
(c) vinegar (ii) to treat bites of
(d) baking soda ants
(e) sodium (iii) to relieve
hydroxide stomach-ache
(iv) to raise the pH
value of soil
(v) to neutralise the
acidic waste
discharged from
factories
(a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______
(e) ______
[Ans]
408
(a) iii (b) iv (c) i (d) ii (e) v
2B100106Q008Eng
Match the daily products on the left with the acid or alkali
on the right. Write your answer in the blanks below.
Daily product Acid or alkali
(a) lemon juice (i) lactic acid
(b) glass cleaner (ii) citric acid
(c) vinegar (iii)ammonia
(d) oven cleaner (iv) sodium
(e) yoghurt hydroxide
(v) ethanoic acid
(a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______
(e) ______
[Ans]
(a) ii (b) iii (c) v (d) iv (e) i
2B100206Q009Eng
There are some wrong concepts in the following
sentences. Underline the wrong concepts and write down
the correct ones in the space provided.
409
(a) pH paper is an electronic device used to determine the

pH value of a solid.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Litmus solution can be used to test the acidity of a
solution. It is red in acids, yellow in alkalis and blue in
neutral solutions.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) All flowers show different colours in acidic and
alkaline environments.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) Acids taste bitter. Alkalis taste sour and are soapy.
____________________________________________
______________________________
410
[Ans]
(a) pH paper (meter) is an electronic device used to test
the pH value of a solid (solution).
(b) Litmus solution can be used to test the acidity of a
solution. It is red in acids, yellow (blue) in alkalis and
blue (yellow) in neutral solutions. (Or any other
reasonable answers)
(c) All (Some) flowers show different colours in acidic
and alkaline environments.
(d) Acids taste bitter (sour). Alkalis taste sour (bitter) and
are soapy. (Or any other reasonable answers)
2B100206Q010Eng
(a) Magnesium and copper dissolve in dilute acids to give
carbon dioxide.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Marble and limestone dissolve in dilute acids to give
411
hydrogen.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) When a metal dissolves in acids, the temperature of
the reaction mixture decreases.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) Hydrogen gas is released from the reaction between
dilute hydrochloric acid and limestone. It gives a pop
sound with a burning splint.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Magnesium and copper (zinc) dissolve in dilute acid to
give carbon dioxide (hydrogen). (Or any other
reasonable answer)
(b) Marble and limestone dissolve in dilute acid to give
hydrogen (carbon dioxide). (Or any other reasonable
answer)
412
(c) When a metal dissolves in acids, the temperature of

the reaction mixture decreases (increases).
(d) Hydrogen gas is released from the reaction between
dilute hydrochloric acid and limestone (zinc /
magnesium / iron). It gives a pop sound with a
burning splint.
2B100106Q011Eng
(a) When an acid is added to an alkali, the acidity
increases and pH value increases.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) The pH value of a neutralised solution is higher than 7.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) The products of neutralisation of an acid and an alkali
are salts and hydrogen.
____________________________________________
413
______________________________
414
(d) pH paper is put into sodium hydroxide solution to

show the gradual change in pH when sulphuric acid is
added into the alkali.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) When an acid is added to an alkali, the acidity
increases and pH value increases (decreases).
(b) The pH value of a neutralised solution is higher than
(equal to) 7.
(c) The products of neutralisation are salts and hydrogen
(water).
(d) pH paper (universal indicator) is put into sodium
hydroxide solution to show the gradual change in pH
when sulphuric acid is added into the alkali.
2B100106Q012Eng
Below are the steps of an experiment to study the reaction
between magnesium and dilute sulphuric acid. Arrange the
415
steps in the correct order.

(a) Put a magnesium ribbon into the acid.
(b) Put some cotton wool into the mouth of the test tube.
(c) Wear safety goggles and gloves.
(d) Add dilute sulphuric acid to a test tube.
(e) Light up a wooden splint.
(f) Put the burning splint near the mouth of the test tube.
_______________________________________________
________________________________
[Ans]
(c), (d), (a), (b), (e), (f)
2B100106Q013Eng
(a) Rearrange the following sentences with the words
provided.
(i) acid rain / limestone / structure / and / of
/ metals / marble / made / corrodes
________________________________________
____________________________
________________________________________
____________________________
416
(ii) acid rain / that / nitrogen oxides / air

pollutants / two / are / major / the / and
/ cause / sulphur dioxide
________________________________________
____________________________
________________________________________
____________________________
(iii)(extension) remove / from / gas /
vehicles / can / help / installing / air
pollutants / catalytic converters / the /
exhaust / in / of / vehicles
________________________________________
____________________________
________________________________________
____________________________
417
(b) (i) Which of the above sentences is the cause of acid

rain?
________________________________________
____________________________
(ii) Which of the above sentences is the effect of acid
rain?
________________________________________
____________________________
(iii)Which of the above sentences is a preventive
measure of acid rain?
________________________________________
____________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Acid rain corrodes structure made of metals, marble
and limestone.
(ii) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the two
major air pollutants that cause acid rain.
(iii) Installing catalytic converters in vehicles can help
remove air pollutants from the exhaust gas of vehicles.
(b) (i) Sentence (ii)
(ii) Sentence (i)
418
(iii) Sentence (iii)
2B100206Q014Eng
Draw a labelled set-up to demonstrate the reaction
between marble and dilute nitric acid (including the test
for the gas evolved).
[Ans]
delivery tube
lime water
marble
dilute nitric acid
419
2B100106Q015Eng
between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
(including the test for the gas evolved).
[Ans]

burning splint
magnesium ribbon
2B100206Q016Eng
between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
(including the test for the gas evolved).
420
421
[Ans]
test tube hydrogen gas
dilute hydrochloric
acid
filter funnel
zinc bead
2B100106Q017Eng
Complete the table below regarding the properties of acids
and alkalis.
Property Acid Alkali
Taste (a) (b)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Colour (c) (d)
change of ______________ ______________
blue litmus ________ ________
paper
Colour (e) (f)
change of ______________ ______________
red litmus ________ ________
paper
422
One (g) (h)

example of ______________ ______________
daily-life ________ ________
products
[Ans]
(a) Sour (b) Bitter
(c) From blue to red (d) No colour
change
(e) No colour change (f) From red to
blue
(g) Vinegar (or any other reasonable answer) (h) Glass
cleaner (or any other reasonable answer)
2B100106Q018Eng
Complete the following word equations regarding the
neutralisation of an acid and an alkali.
(a) Potassium hydroxide + Sulphuric acid
(i)
________________ + (ii) ________________
(b) (i) ________________ + (ii) ________________
Sodium chloride + (iii) ____________
(c) Calcium hydroxide + (i) ________________
423
Calcium nitrate + (ii) _________________

(d) (i) ________________ + Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium chloride + (ii) ____________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Potassium sulphate
(ii) Water
(b) (i) Sodium hydroxide
(ii) Hydrochloric acid
(iii) Water
(c) (i) Nitric acid
(ii) Water
(d) (i) Hydrochloric acid
(ii) Water
424
2B100106Q019Eng
Which acids and alkalis should be used in order to prepare
the following salts? Complete the following table.
Salt Acid used Alkali used
Calcium (a) (b)
chloride ______________ ______________
________ ________
Sodium (c) (d)
chloride ______________ ______________
________ ________
Potassium (e) (f)
sulphate ______________ ______________
________ ________
Potassium (g) (h)
nitrate ______________ ______________
________ ________
Sodium (i) (j)
sulphate ______________ ______________
________ ________
Calcium (k) (l)
425
nitrate ______________ ______________

________ ________
[Ans]
(a) Hydrochloric acid (b) Calcium hydroxide
(c) Hydrochloric acid (d) Sodium hydroxide
(e) Sulphuric acid (f) Potassium hydroxide
(g) Nitric acid (h) Potassium hydroxide
(i) Sulphuric acid (j) Sodium hydroxide
(k) Nitric acid (l) Calcium hydroxide
2B100106Q020Eng
When the following materials are put into dilute
hydrochloric acid, will gas be produced? If yes, what gas
will be produced and what materials should be used to test
for the gas?
Materials Is there any gas Materials to be
produced? If used to test the
yes, what is the gas
gas?
Marble (a) (b)
chips ______________ ______________
426
________ ________
Zinc beads (c) (d)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Sand (e) (f)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Iron strips (g) (h)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Limestone (i) (j)
pieces ______________ ______________
________ ________
Copper (k) (l)
granules ______________ ______________
________ ________
Calcium (m) (n)
carbonate ______________ ______________
________ ________
[Ans]
427
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Lime water

(c) Hydrogen (d) Burning splint
(e) No gas will be produced. (f) Nothing
(g) Hydrogen (h) Burning splint
(i) Carbon dioxide (j) Lime water
(k) No gas will be produced. (l) Nothing
(m) Carbon dioxide (n) Lime water
428

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Question Bank (Ch.

Chapter 10 COMMON ACIDS AND ALKALIS

10.1 Acids and Alkalis

10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators

pH paper remains white in distilled water which is neutral.

10.3 Acids and Corrosion

10.4 Safety Related to the Use of Acids and Alkalis

10.5 Acid Rain

Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in the rainwater to

acid until the pH of the resulting solution is 7.

10.7 Daily Uses of Acids and Alkalis

10.1 Acids and Alkalis

Which of the following substances contain alkalis?

A. (I) and (II) only

10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators

Which of the following can turn blue litmus paper red?

Which of the following substances is the most acidic?

10.3 Acids and Corrosion

dilute hydrochloric acid

The gas can

D. turn lime water milky.

dilute nitric acid

The gas can

D. they are not stable and easily react with other

(III) A pop sound is heard.

10.4 Safety Related to the Use of Acids and Alkalis

D. Water is heavier than acid.

10.5 Acid Rain

A. (I) and (II) only

A. (I) and (II) only

(III) Kill aquatic lives

A. (I) and (II) only

D. It can raise the pH value of the soil to a suitable value.

10.7 Daily Uses of Acids and Alkalis

A. (I) and (II) only

A. Adding hot vinegar or lemon juice and leaving aside

Which of the following is the most suitable to preserve

Fill in the Blanks

10.1 Acids and Alkalis

10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators

[Ans] (a) purple (b) red (c) green

10.3 Acids and Corrosion

Some (a)______________, such as magnesium and iron,

10.4 Safety Related to the Use of Acids and Alkalis

[Ans] (a) safety goggles (b) a laboratory coat (c) gloves

a high percentage of acids in water.

10.5 Acid Rain

present naturally in the atmosphere and it dissolves in

(a)______________ released from power stations,

preventive measure against acid rain.

neutralised by adding (c)______________ .

10.7 Daily Uses of Acids and Alkalis

10.1 Acids and Alkalis

(b) Glass cleaners / toothpaste / detergents (any two of

10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators

(a) Which of the above products is/are acidic?

(c) Which of the above two products contain the same

(a) Is sodium hydroxide solution an acid or an alkali?

What does this hazard warning label mean?

Concentrate Fresh milk Lemon juice Glass

(a) Which solution(s) is/are

(c) Which solution(s) can turn blue litmus paper red?

10.3 Acids and Corrosion