LTE - RF Configuration Parameters

http://www.linkedin.com/pub/ray-khastur/36/965/b7a
PCI Planning

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Purpose of PCI Planning
Cell ID groups are adopted in the cell search procedure of the LTE system.
Specifically, a specific ID within a cell group is determined through the PSCH,
and then a cell group ID determined through the SSCH.
As specified in 3GPP protocol, the cell ID at the physical layer consists of cell
group ID and the ID within the cell group.
There are 168 physical layer cell groups and each group consists of three IDs.
Therefore, totally there are 504 ( 0 to 503 ) PCIs.

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PCI Overview
In LTE systems, each cell has a physical cell identifier (PCI), enabling UE to
differentiate radio signals of different cells.
In LTE systems, cells are grouped. They are searched based on the primary and
secondary synchronization sequences.
The secondary synchronization sequence on the secondary synchronization channel
(SSCH) determines the cell group ID
The primary synchronization sequence on the primary synchronization channel (PSCH)
determines the cell ID in a cell group.

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PCI planning proposed for M LTE project
PCI group code from 120 to 167 for IBC eNodeB
PCI 360 to 503
Propose 25% buffer for future expansion (468 to 503 reserved for future)
PCI group code from 0 to 119 for Outdoor eNodeB
PCI 0 to 359
Propose 25% buffer for future expansion (270 to 359 reserved for future)
Planning rule
To reduce PCI mod 3 result competition among neighboring cells to get better performance
under low load situation (referring to following 2 slides)
To avoid PCI mod 30 result competition among neighboring cells to avoid SRS interfere
neighbor cell PRACH
Huawei use GENEX U-Net to plan PCI

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PCI Mod 3 Reference Signal
1 Antenna
Port

RS pattern for No. of

No. of RS per Ant No. of RS for all Ant No. of RS for all Ant ports
port per RB within ports per RB within in all RBs within one
Antenna port
different Antenna one Symbol one Symbol Symbol

configuration 1 2 2 2* Total No. of RB

2 2 4 4* Total No. of RB
4 2 4 4* Total No. of RB
RE
2 Antenna
ports

No RS transmit For 4*4 MIMO, the RS of Antenna 3, 4 are

for this antenna port
RS transmitted transmitted on OFDM symbols different to that of
or this antenna port
Antenna 1, 2
4 Antenna
ports

R1: RS transmitted by ant 1

R2: RS transmitted by ant 2
R3: RS transmitted by ant 3
R4: RS transmitted by ant 4

Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1 Antenna Port 2 Antenna Port 3

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Page
PCI Mod 3 RS shift among neighbor cells
Frequency domain location of the RS is determined by value of PCI mod 3
If RS is shifted, then it will help for better performance under low load

RS location vs PCI mod 3:

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Page
How to Plan PCI manually
Assume there is a new site insert into Cyber Jaya area.
2 0 It is recommended to plan PCI after neighbor planning.
1
Step 1. Mark the PCI Mod 3 results of
existing cells on the map.
Step 2. Decide the PCI Mod 3 result for
0 the new site on the map. Try the best
2 2 1 to avoid same result cover same area.
0

1
Step 3. Choose un-used PCI for the
1
3 0
5 2 0 new site following the PCI mod 3
2
1 result. New PCI shall not same to any
4 1
neighbor cell.
2 0
Step 4. Check the PCI mod 30 result
1 with neighboring cell.
Note: Please use PowerPoint Slide Show mode to see the animation to play the steps.

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PCI Mod3 Planning
BEFORE AFTER MODIFICATION

We need to check again about

PCI Mod3 result, prevent co-
channel interference from same
Mod3 result.

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What is Antenna Ports?

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What is Antenna Ports?

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PRACH
Planning

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PRACH
Random Access Channel (RACH)
RACH procedure begins with a preamble (PRACH)
PRACH resources assigned by eNB within PUSCH region
PRACH preamble fits into 6 PRBs
Sufficient for timing estimation
Invariant with bandwidth for low complexity
Zadoff Chu sequence
Excellent correlation properties
Zero correlation zone for different cyclic shifts
Flat frequency spectrum
Different sequences provided first by different cyclic shifts, then by different
root sequences
Multiple PRACH formats suitable for different cell sizes

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PRACH Planning Principle
There are 64 PRACH preambles in each LTE cell for Radom Access
Preambles are generated from root sequence (Zadoff-Chu sequence) and its cyclic
shift
838 root sequences are defined by 3GPP with length 839
For example: for Cyclic Shift step 76, so-call Ncs = 76
Each root sequence can generate Rounddown(839/76) = 11 sequences
To Generate 64 sequences, number of root sequences needed = Roundup(64/11) = 6
So available root sequences = Rounddown (838/6) = 139 (Index 0, 6, 12, 18, )
Root sequence needs to be reuse in the network
Unlike UMTS, there isnt Cell ID related scramble code used for PRACH in LTE system,
collision may occur if same root sequence is planned for PRACH among nearby cells.
Thus, we need to plan PRACH root sequence.

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How to decide the cyclic shift step (Ncs)
Ncs * Ts > TRTD + TMDS + Tdev
Ncs is mainly decided by Cell radius.
TRTD = 2*R/C = 2*R / (3*108 ) seconds = 6.67 * R (us)
TRTD is round trip delay, decided by cell radius R
C is light speed = 3*108 m/s
TMDS is Maximum time delay spread, 5us for Dense Urban and Urban
Tdev is UE timing deviation due to un-ideal synchronization to the downlink
Typically, assume TMDS = 5us, UE timing deviation = 2us
Ts is PRACH sampling period, and Ts = 800/839 [us]
If planned cell radius = 9.8Km, then Ncs = 76

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PRACH Ncs Selection
Three dimensions needs to consider:
Cell radius
Margin (over dimensioning for unexpected transmission delay spread)
Root sequence reuse in multi-cell environment
Ncs=76 for M project LTE PRACH Planning in KV area
For NLOS case, the transmission delay may be larger than LOS case, i.e., transmit distance
larger than cell radius, margin is needed to keep robust
Root sequence is enough for multi-cell reuse: 6 root sequences are needed for each cell, then
838/6 = 139 unique sequences can be assigned for 139 cells
Same setting is just to simplify the network design. Ncs can also be set to different value
according to coverage scenario.

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PRACH Planning
Step 1: Determine Ncs value by the cell radius. (E.g. Assume the cell radius is
9.8 km, take Ncs value 76)
Step 2: The value of 839/76 is rounded down to 11, that is, each index should
generate 11 preamble sequences. In this case, 6 (64/11) root sequence indexes
are required to generate 64 preamble sequences.
Step 3: The number of available root sequence indexes is 139 (0, 6, 12,,6*n,,
828)
Step 4: The available root sequence indexes are assigned to cells. The reuse
distance shall be as far as possible
Huawei will use GENEX U-Net for PRACH planning

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PRACH Planning (I Project)
Preambles are generated from root sequence (Zadoff-Chu sequence) and its cyclic shift step (Ncs)

Cell Radius (r) 10 km for low speed cells

TMD indicates the maximum multi-path delay spread. For HLTE products, TMD equals to 5 milliseconds
UE timing deviation is 2 milliseconds
Ncs > 1.04875(6.67*10 +5+2) = 77. 03
According to the table Ncs for preamble format 0 to 3
The Ncs value is 93 , the Ncs configuration number 11

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PRACH Planning (I Project)
The number of preamble that can be generated is calculated as follow :

839
Num 9
93
The number of ZC sequences is calculated as follows:

64
m 8
9

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PRACH Planning (I Project)

Input for eNodeB on PRACH

Parameter are :
1) Cell Radius
2) Speed Flag
3) Start Root Sequence Index

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