2.D.3d. Exercise 2.

Ideal gas Carnot Engine

3
PV nRT U nRT
2
With reference to figure,

12 and 34: T = const dU 0 dW

dQ

2 V2
nRTh
Q12 Q Th PdV dV
1 V1
V

V2
nRTh ln 0 (1)
V1
V4
nRTc
Q34 Q Tc dV
V3
V

V4
nRTc ln 0 (2)
V3
23 and 41: Q 0
dU dW
3 nRT
dU nRdT PdV dV
2 V
i.e.,
3dT dV
T 3/ 2V const
2T V
Thus

T23/ 2V2 T33/ 2V3 T13/ 2V1 T43/ 2V4 (3)

so that
3/ 2 3/ 2
V3 T2T4 V2 T T V2 V2
h c
V4 T3T1 V1 Tc Th V1 V1

Q Tc Q43 Tc ln V3 / V4 Tc

Q Th Q12 Th ln V2 / V1 Th

Q Tc T
1 1 c (4)
Q Th Th