2017-02-12

CVL312: Computer Aided Structural

Analysis
Dr. Imad Eldin Khalafalla
Office: MON208
Phone: (416) 979-5000 Ext: 3241
Email: kimadeld@ryerson.ca
Office hours: Tuesdays from 1 3 pm

Today

Matrix Stiffness Method

Application to beams
Analytical Model
Degrees of Freedom
Member Stiffness Relations
Member Fixed-end Forces Due to Loads
Structure Stiffness Relations
Procedure for Analysis
Summary

Readings: Chapter 5 of Textbook (exclude sections 5.3 & 5.8)

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Spring or 1-D bar element

Truss element

Beam element
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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Analytical Model

(a) Actual Beam

For the beam shown:

Establish the Analytical Model Showing Global and Local Coordinate Systems
Identify the Degrees of Freedom
Set the Structure Coordinate Numbers
Identify the Joint Loads and Support Reactions

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Joint displacement vector d

Joint load vector P

Reaction vector R

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Example
Identify by numbers the degrees of freedom and restrained coordinates of
the continuous beam with a cantilever overhang shown in Fig. (a). Also,
form the beams joint load vector P.

Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution

1

d= 2
3
4

1 50
2 0
P= =
3 100
4 0

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Alternative approach

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d=
2

1 50
P= =
2 200

3

= 4
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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Member Stiffness Relations

The member has a total of four end

displacements or degrees of freedom.
Member end displacements (including
rotations) are denoted by u1 through u4,
and the corresponding end forces (including
moments) are denoted by Q1 through Q4.

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Member Stiffness Relations (contd)

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Member Stiffness Relations (contd)
A stiffness coefficient represents the
force at the location and in the direction
of required, along with other end forces,
to cause a unit value of displacement ,
while all other end displacements are 0,
and the member is not subjected to any
external loading between its ends.

: member fixed-end forces due to external loads

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Member Stiffness Relations (contd)
Local stiffness matrix for the
members of beams: (*)

Note that the stiffness matrix k is symmetric; that is, =

Member fixed-end forces

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Example (Ex 5.2, Kassimali, Matrix Analysis of Structures)
Determine the stiffness matrices for the members of the beam shown.

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Member 1: = 200, = 270 106 4 , = 3.

Beam K

Member 2: = 200, = 540 106 4 , = 4.

Beam K

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Member Fixed-End Force Vector

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Example 5.3 (Kassimali, Matrix Analysis of Structures)
Determine the fixed-end force vectors for the members of the two-span continuous
beam shown.
Solution
Member 1:
M = (w*L^2)/12

Member 2:
R = 150 +66.67

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Treat Qf1 as a member with both fixed ends?

Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Structure Stiffness Relations
The procedure for establishing the structure stiffness relations for beams is essentially
the same as that for plane trusses (direct stiffness method)
Expressing the joint loads P in terms of the member end forces Q by using joint
equilibrium equations;
Relating the joint displacements d to the member end displacements u by using the
compatibility conditions; and
Linking the joint displacements d to the joint loads P by means of the member force-
displacement relations
The structure stiffness relations can be written as:
or

Where: = Structure stiffness matrix; = unknown displacement vector; and

= fixed-joint force vector.
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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Assembly of the Structure Stiffness Matrix Using Member Code Numbers
Example
For the beam shown in Fig. (a), assemble the structure stiffness matrix .
Solution

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Structure Fixed-joint Forces and Equivalent Joint Loads
The structure fixed-joint forces represent the reaction forces (and/or
moments) that would develop at the locations and in the directions of
the structures degrees of freedom, due to the external member loads, if
all the joints of the structure were fixed against translations and
rotations.

represents the structure fixed-joint force vector

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Assembly of Structure Fixed-Joint Force Vector Using Member Code Numbers
Example
For the beam shown in Fig. (a), assemble the structure fixed-joint force
vector

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Assembly of Structure Fixed-Joint Force Vector Using Member Code Numbers

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Assembly of Structure Fixed-Joint Force Vector Using Member Code Numbers

which can be expressed in vector form as

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Equivalent Joint Loads
The equivalent joint load vector for
a structure as simply the negative of
its fixed-joint force vector ; that is,

An alternative form of the structure

stiffness relations:

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Example (Ex 5.4, Kassimali, Matrix Analysis of Structures )
Determine the structure stiffness matrix for the three-span continuous
beam shown in Fig. (a).

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Analytical Model:

Structure Stiffness Matrix:

S matrix depends on the
Member 1: By substituting L = 16 m into Eq. (*), we obtain number of DOF

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look for 1-1 first

Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Member 2: L = 12 m. By using Eq. (*),

Member 3: L = 8 m. Thus,

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Example (Ex 5.5, Kassimali, Matrix Analysis of Structures )
Determine the fixed-joint force vector and the equivalent joint load vector
for the propped-cantilever beam shown in Fig. (a).

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Analytical Model:
Structure Fixed-Joint Force Vector:
Member1:

The fixed-end force vector for member 1 is given by:

Beam QF. * choose UDL
Enter values for Member 1,
(L=9m)
From the matrix, choose the
DOF values represented

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Member 2:

Equivalent Joint Load Vector:

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Procedure for Analysis
Prepare an analytical model of the beam:
Identify each joint and member by a number.
Number the degrees of freedom and restrained coordinates of the beam.
Evaluate the structure stiffness matrix S and fixed-joint force vector :
Compute the member stiffness matrix k.
Evaluate the fixed-end force vector .
Identify the member code numbers and store the pertinent elements of k and in their proper
positions in the structure stiffness matrix S, and the fixed-joint force vector , respectively.
Determine the joint displacements d, by solving the equation
Compute member end displacements and end forces, and support reactions. For each
member of the beam, do the following:
Obtain member end displacements u from the joint displacements d.
Compute member end forces, using the relationship
Using the member code numbers, store the pertinent elements of Q in their proper
positions in the support reaction vector R
Check the structure equilibrium using
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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Example ( Ex 5.7, Kassimali, Matrix Analysis of Structures )
Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, and support
reactions for the beam shown in Fig. (a), using the matrix stiffness method.

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Analytical Model:
Structure Stiffness Matrix and Fixed-Joint Force Vector:
Member 1:

BEAM K

Using the fixed-end force expressions

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Member 2:

Beam K and

Member 3:

and

By comparing Figs. (a) & (b), we realize that P1 = 200 kN,

P2 = 0, P3 = 90 kN m, and P4 = 0.

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution: Structure Stiffness Matrix

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Fixed-Joint Force Vector

Joint Displacements:
The stiffness relations for the entire beam can be expressed as

The only vertical force

or solving

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Member End Displacements and End Forces:
Member1:

Member 2:

Member 3:

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Solution
Support Reactions:

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Matrix Stiffness Method (Beams)

Summary of the various steps

of the analysis

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