!

"#$%&'(()*%"+,$"$-$)
.))$"+/%!)01!$
2'+-'!*%3456

!"#$%&'()($"*+(,-.&(,(/01&#,2&(+*$"1+(,-&
BY HANNAH WADDILOVE

From left to right: Kiringu Mwachitu, Edward Omito and Mohamed Mohamed.

!"#$%&'('
!"#$%&'()*$
!"#$%"&'()*+&,-).)/*%0&+1&-).2/3&4$*)+.$5&
Revised mining legislation includes 6+72%.(2.*8
improved and updated environmental and
9)%).:;&-#$<=)*;&,-).)/*%0&+1&!.7)%+.(2.*&>&
royalty provisions, but this is a long way
from implementation.
Plans for the Lamu coal-fired power plant -+=$(2"&-+=$(2"&,-).)/*%0&+1&!.7)%+.(2.*&>&
reveal gaps in community engagement
in conducting Environmental Impact
Assessments (EIAs). )*+$,"(*,

Without a proper commitment to civic

education, public participation exercises will
continue to lack effective impact. -#(,*+./(&*#00

Constitutional ambiguity, along with ?=2&().).:&+1&92.0$@/&<+$5&"2A+/)*/&=$/&/*$%*2"&).&

communication and trust deficits, cause 2$%.2/*&).&5).2&#)*=&92.0$@/&$/A)%$*)+.&*+&B2<+(2&
confusion and disputes over mining $&()""52C).<+(2&).";/*%)$5)D2"&<+;.*%0&B0&*=2&
projects between the national and county
governments. *=2&:2.2%$*)+.&+1&2.2%:0&*+&A+#2%&).";/*%)2/&$."&

The disjuncture between electricity demand

projections and economic realities calls into
question the viability of the Lamu coal-fired
power plant. ).&%2.2#$B52&2.2%:03&<+$5&)/&A$%*&+1&*=2&).<%2$/2"&
 4#5&,*#6$#("%0'"7$3.",+'0

5+<$*2&<+$5&%2/+;%<2/&$%2&;."2%#$03&).<5;").:&).&*=2&
().).:&).72/*+%&<+(()//)+.&$.&!.7)%+.(2.*$5&

#=)52&2.7)%+.(2.*$5&)(A$<*/&1%+(&().).:&$%2&

"0.$()</&+1&*=)/&"2725+A(2.*&$."&*=2&%+52&+1&
*=2&<+;.*0&:+72%.(2.*/&).&$""%2//).:&*=2&/+<)$53& "$($:2&)/&()*):$*2"&B21+%2&$&5)<2./2&1+%&$.0&
2.7)%+.(2.*$5&$."&2<+.+()<&)(A$<*/&+1&<+$5C

1"/23,*.#+0
%2A%2/2.*$*)723&-+=$(2"&-+=$(2"3&.+*2"&*=2&
().2%$5&2."+#(2.*/3&A$%*)<;5$%50&+1&<+$53&)%+.&
+%2&$."&%$%2&2$%*=&252(2.*/3&=$72&"%$($*)<$550& *=2&<+./+%*);(&/A+./+%).:&*=2&B;)5").:&$."&
%272%/2"&*=2&=)/*+%)<&.2:52<*&+1&92.0$@/&().2%$5/&
<+.<2%.).:&"$($:2&*+&*=2&+<2$.&=$/&1;2552"&
E+//)B52&"2725+A(2.*&+1&*=2&"2A+/)*/3&($.0&+1& ($G+%&5+<$5&%2/)/*$.<2&*+&*=2&A%+G2<*3&52"&B0&*=2&

9#$52&$."&?$)*$&?$72*$3&<+(2&$*&$&<+(A52F&*)(2&1+%&
5+<$5&:+72%.$.<2&/*%;<*;%2/3&:)72.&*=2&).1$.<0&+1& A%+<2//3&=2&$%:;2"3&$5/+&;."2%().2"&*=2&<=$.<2&*+&

+1&-).).:3&<$%72"&+;*&1%+(&*=2&-).)/*%0&+1& %$)/2&#)"2%&<+.<2%./&*=$*&*=2%2&($0&B2&B)$/&).&*=2&

B;*&$5/+&.+*2"&*=2)%&+#.&<$A$<)*0&$."&$;*=+%)*0&

/$12:;$%"/3&%+0$5*0&/=$%).:&1+%(;5$/&$."&
<+((;.)*0&2.:$:2(2.*&)/&).&<+.*%$/*&*+&*=2&
).1+%($*)+.&#2%2&.+*&$7$)5$B52&1+%&*=2&A;B5)<&$*&

*=2&1+%;(&%272$52"&<+.<2%./&1%+(&<+$/*$5&<+;.*0&
:+72%.(2.*/&$."&<)7)5&/+<)2*0&%2A%2/2.*$*)72/3&+.&
*=2&:$A&B2*#22.&52:$5&A%+7)/)+./&$."&#=$*&=$AA2./&
/*$."$%"/&$."&*=2&.$*;%2&+1&A;B5)<&A$%*)<)A$*)+.3&*+&
A++%&<+((;.)<$*)+.&B2*#22.&.$*)+.$5&$."&<+;.*0&
H=2%2&2.:$:2(2.*&#)*=&5+<$5&<+((;.)*)2/&
2F)/*/3&-+=$(2"&-+=$(2"&%$)/2"&*=2&A%+B52(/&
+1&*=2&7$5;2C52"&1+<;/&+.&(+.2*$%0&<+(A2./$*)+.3&
+B/<;%2&<+((;.)*0&;."2%/*$.").:&+1&*=2&5+.:2%C
+1&#$/*2&($*2%)$5/&).*+&*=2&+<2$.&1%+(&*=2&<+$5&
A5$.*3&%)/).:&/2$&*2(A2%$*;%2/&=$%(1;5&*+&($%).2&

2RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE MEETING REPORT JANUARY 2017

=):=5):=*2"&*=2&#)"2%&A%+B52(&+1&#=2*=2%&A;B5)<& 4+.2*=252//3&*=2%2&)/&$&<+./*)*;*)+.$5&A%+7)/)+.&
"2/):.$*).:&*=2&<+;.*)2/&$/&%2/A+./)B52&1+%&

!.8%&/09",(&/&9"(&*#0 J;<=&<+./*)*;*)+.$5&$(B):;)*03&$5+.:&#)*=&

?=2&"2(+<%$*)<&<+.<2A*&+1&A;B5)<&A$%*)<)A$*)+.&)/&
<+.1;/)+.&$."&")/A;*2/&B2*#22.&*=2&*#+&52725/&+1&

"2/):.2"&*+&2.$B52&A;B5)<&).A;*&).*+&A+5)<0&$."&
?=2%2&#$/&$:%22(2.*&$(+.:&<+$/*$5&<+;.*0&

%2/A+./)B)5)*0&+1&).")7)";$5&<+;.*0&:+72%.(2.*/3& -).).:&5)<2./2&$."&<+.";<*&$<*)7)*)2/&#)*=+;*&
=+#272%3&($.0&<+;.*)2/&$*&*=2&<+$/*&$%2&02*&
*=%+;:=&#=)<=&*=2&*#+&52725/&+1&:+72%.(2.*&
2.:$:2(2.*&)/&*=2%21+%2&52:$550&$."&A%$<*)<$550& <$.&<+((;.)<$*23&52$").:&*+&*=2&<=$%:2&*=$*&

/+<)2*0&+%:$.)D$*)+./&:$72&2F$(A52/&"2(+./*%$*).:&
*=$*&A;B5)<&A$%*)<)A$*)+.&2F2%<)/2/&+72%&2F*%$<*)72&
).";/*%0&$<*)7)*)2/&$%2&A++%50&+%:$.)D2"&$."&+1*2.&
).$<<2//)B52&).&*2%(/&+1&5+<$*)+.&$."&<+.*2.*&+1&*=2&

/*%;<*;%2/3&B;*&<;%%2.*50&#)*=+;*&*=2&A+#2%&*+&

A5$.*&%2A+%*&#$/&=):=50&*2<=.)<$5&).&.$*;%2&$."& !"#$%"&'#).+3&=+#272%3&/*%2//2"&*=2&)(A+%*$.<2&

-#$<=)*;3&*=2&<+;.*0&2F2<;*)72&(2(B2%&1+%&H$*2%3&
!.7)%+.(2.*3&-).2%$5/&$."&4$*;%$5&I2/+;%<2/&).&
*=2&A;B5)<&$%2&:)72.&!.:5)/=C5$.:;$:2&"+<;(2.*/&
$/&*=20&2.*2%&<+./;5*$*)+.&272.*/&$."&2FA2<*2"&*+&
K2&$%:;2"&*=$*&#)*=&*=2&.$*)+.$5&:+72%.(2.*&$/&
2./;%2"&*+&<+((;.)*)2/&B20+."&*=+/2&#)*=).&*=2&
"27+5;*)+.&)/&.+*&%2<+:.)D2"3&=2&/*$*2"&*=2&<5$%)*0&

1%+(&9#$52&2FA5$).2"&*=$*&+.2&/;<=&2F2%<)/2&

1+%&/272%$5&"$0/&*+&$55+#&$.&+)5&$."&:$/&<+(A$.0&

27)"2.<2&+1&+#.2%/=)A&+1&*=2)%&!"#$%#!&,1$%(5$."&

)(A52(2.*$*)+.3&$5+.:&#)*=&()/*%;/*&$."&A++%&
<+((;.)<$*)+.3&=$72&:)72.&%)/2&*+&<$/2/&+1&<+;.*0&
.22"&*+&<+.";<*&A;B5)<&A$%*)<)A$*)+.&2F2%<)/2/&$*&
*=2&2$%5)2%&/<+A).:&/*$:2&+1&().).:&A%+G2<*/3&#=2%2&
*=2&*2%(/&+1&%212%2.<2&$%2&$:%22"&;A+.&B2*#22.&*=2&

%+52&1+%&<+;.*0&:+72%.(2.*/&*+&B2&).7+572"&1%+(& 4/*#*6&/05&"8&%&(<
!"#$%"&'()*+&2(A=$/)D2"&*=2&2<+.+()<&A+*2.*)$5&

:*5$,#6$#(0/**,+&#"(&*#;0
)&'/*66.#&/"(&*#0"#+06&'(,.'(
-).).:&)/&.+*&$&"27+572"&1;.<*)+.&$."&*=2&
<+./*)*;*)+.&2.*%;/*/&*=2&.$*)+.$5&:+72%.(2.*&

COAL: DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY AND EMPLOYMENT3

<)*).:&*=2&")/G;.<*;%2&B2*#22.&*=2&"2725+A(2.*$5& <+/*).:&*=2&*$FA$02%&).&<$A$<)*0&<=$%:2/&$."&

A5$.*&)/&2/*)($*2"&*+&$**%$<*&)"52&<$A$<)*0&<=$%:2/&

?=2&A%+/A2<*&+1&()//2"&2<+.+()<&:$)./&=2):=*2.2"&
<+.<2%./&$)%2"&B0&/272%$5&(2(B2%/&+1&*=2&$;")2.<2&

<+./2./;/&+.&*=2&.22"&*+&/=)1*&*=2&.$%%$*)72&$#$0&
1%+(&$&7$5;2C52"&1+<;/&+.&=+#&(;<=&<+(A2./$*)+.&
<+((;.)*)2/&($0&:2*&1%+(&($G+%&().).:&+%&
*=%22&:2+*=2%($5&A+#2%&A5$.*/&/)**).:&)"52&";2& 252<*%)<)*0&A%+G2<*/3&*+#$%"/&*=2&5+.:2%C*2%(&

!"#$%&'(
Coal: Development, Energy and Employment is the record of an event held on December by the Rift Valley Forum in partnership
with Mombasa-based uman Rights Agenda. It is available for free download from www.riftvalley.net. Cover image Amina Abdulkadir.
The Rift Valley Institute works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political and economic development.
Copyright Rift Valley Institute . This work is published under a Creative Commons A ribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License
(CC Y-NC-ND . ).

4RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE MEETING REPORT JANUARY 2017