Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SPE Objective:
What happens after gas is produced and before it becomes a
marketable product (For liquid natural gas transportation,
specifically)?
Presentation Strategy:
Short list of key messages
Cover primarily the liquefaction link of the LNG chain
Encourage questions
2
Key Messages for Today
Pipeline LNG
Pipeline &
LNG GTL & LNG
Methanol
Gas to DME
Chemicals Ammonia
What is LNG? Typically, LNG is:
Cool natural gas at essentially atmospheric pressure
-161oC
Volume Reduction
600:1
Condensate Gas NGL End
Liquefaction
Removal Treating Removal Flash
N2
C1
LNG
FEED GAS
C2
C3
C4
C5
Hg
H20
CO2/H2S
Acid Gas
Mercury
Water
Natural
C6+ Gas
Condensate Liquids
What are the End Uses for LNG?
Imported LNG can support the following activities:
Augmenting baseload pipeline supply
LNG Shipping
Work
(input) Refrigerant is a Vapor
Compressor
Refrigerant is a Liquid
Suction Drum
J-T Valve
Where the magic happens Heat Exchanger
Q Low Temperature
GAS in
(Sub - Ambient)
Rough rule of thumb: 35 MW of shaft power per Mt/a for efficient liquefaction processes
Typical Block Diagram Liquefaction Plant
FUEL
C2 C4
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
& MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
& MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
Acid Gas Removal Requirements
Treated Gas
Lean Amine
Lean
Absorber Low-
Pressure
Semi-Lean Flash
Amine
Amine
Cooler
Bulk
Absorber Stripper
Flash Gas
Sour Gas
High- Reboiler
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
& MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
Typical Dehydration Scheme Process Flow
Regeneration Gas
Compressor
Regeneration
Cooler
Drier
Precooler
Water
Saturated Regeneration
Natural Gas Gas Knockout
Drum
(Single)
Mercury
Removal
Column
Particle Filter
To Liquefaction Unit
Outlet Gas Specification is generally 10 ng
(nanograms) of mercury per cubic meter of gas.
Typical Block Diagram - Liquefaction Plant
FUEL
C2 C4
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
& MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
APCI Propane Pre-cooled MR Process
Simplified version
APCI Propane Pre-cooled MR Process
LOW BTU
FUEL GAS
REFLUX
MCHE
DRUM
HP MP LP
MR MR MR
LPG
REINJECTION
TREATED
FEED DEHY/Hg
REMOVAL
GAS SCRUB
HP MP LP LLP COLUMN
C3 C3 C3 C3
To FRACTIONATION
Typical Block Diagram - Liquefaction Plant
FUEL
C2 C4
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
& MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
APCI Propane Pre-cooled MR Process
LOW BTU
FUEL GAS
REFLUX
MCHE
DRUM
HP MP LP Benzene
MR MR MR comes out here
LPG
REINJECTION by cold reflux
TREATED
FEED DEHY/Hg
REMOVAL
GAS SCRUB
HP MP LP LLP COLUMN
C3 C3 C3 C3
Red lines denote the feed gas path through liquefaction To FRACTIONATION
and the path of NGLs (natural gas liquids)
Typical Block Diagram - Liquefaction Plant
FUEL
C2 C4
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
& MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
Nitrogen Removal
The higher the nitrogen content of LNG, the lower its gross
heating value
Therefore, why transport an undesirable component in the LNG?
Balance cost of removal vs. influence on heating value
BY PRODUCT
GASOLINE
HYDROCARBON
FRACTIONATION FUEL
C2 C3 C4
NATURAL
GAS
FEED CO2 DEHYDRATION LNG OFFSITE
REMOVAL & MERCURY CHILLING LIQUEFACTION NITROGEN
REMOVAL REJECTION LNG
STORAGE
REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM SYSTEM
Propane Pre-cooled MR Process
LOW BTU
FUEL GAS
REFLUX
MCHE
DRUM
HP MP LP
MR MR MR
LPG
REINJECTION
TREATED
FEED DEHY/Hg
REMOVAL
GAS SCRUB
HP MP LP LLP COLUMN
C3 C3 C3 C3
To FRACTIONATION
Typical Fractionation Scheme Process Flow
C3
LPG Ref SW
SW
Reinjection C3 to
to MCHE Storage
Scrub
Column
Bottoms
Deethanizer Debutanizer
Depropanizer
HO HO HO
SW
Condensate to
Storage
HO: Hot Oil (or other heat), SW: Seawater (or other cooling)
A Few Words on Floating LNG
Standard LNG Value Chain
Shipping
Using efficient
LNG Transportation fabrication
methods
The Full Floating LNG Chain
Complex Project,
Efficient Fabrication,
with Marine Installation
New Complexities for Designing Offshore LNG
Modularization
Strategy, weight/size, fabrication and assembly plan