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3.9 The torques shown are exerted on pulleys
A, B, and C. Knowing that both shafts are solid,
determine the maximum shearing stress in (a)
shaft AB, (b) shaft BC.

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3.10 The shafts of the pulley assembly shown are to be redesigned.

Knowing that the allowable shearing stress in each shaft is 8.5 ksi,
determine the smallest allowable diameter of (a) shaft AB,
(b) shaft BC.

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3.11 Knowing that each of the shafts
AB, BC, and CD consist of a solid
circular rod, determine (a) the shaft in
which the maximum shearing stress
occurs, (b) the magnitude of that stress.

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3.12 Knowing that an 8-mm-diameter hole has been drilled through each of the
shafts AB, BC, and CD, determine (a) the shaft in which the maximum shearing
stress occurs, (b) the magnitude of that stress.

3.13 Under normal operating conditions, the electric motor exerts a torque of 2.4
kN?m on shaft AB. Knowing that each shaft is solid,
determine the maximum shearing stress in (a) shaft AB, (b) shaft BC, (c) shaft
CD.

3.14 In order to reduce the total mass of the assembly of Prob. 3.13, a new
design is being considered in which the diameter of shaft BC
will be smaller. Determine the smallest diameter of shaft BC for
which the maximum value of the shearing stress in the assembly
will not be increased.

3.15 The allowable shearing stress is 15 ksi in the 1.5-in.-diameter steel rod AB
and 8 ksi in the 1.8-in.-diameter brass rod BC.
Neglecting the effect of stress concentrations, determine the largest
torque T that can be applied at A.

3.16 The allowable shearing stress is 15 ksi in the steel rod AB and
8 ksi in the brass rod BC. Knowing that a torque of magnitude
T 5 10 kip?in. is applied at A, determine the required diameter
of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC.

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3.17 The solid shaft shown is formed of a brass for which the allowable shearing
stress is 55 MPa. Neglecting the effect of stress concentrations,
determine the smallest diameters dAB and dBC for which the allowable shearing
stress is not exceeded.

3.18 Solve Prob. 3.17 assuming that the direction of TC is reversed.

3.19 The solid rod AB has a diameter dAB 5 60 mm and is made of a steel for
which the allowable shearing stress is 85 MPa. The pipe CD, which has an outer
diameter of 90 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm, is made of an aluminum for
which the allowable shearing stress is 54 MPa. Determine the largest torque T
that can be applied at A.

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3.20 The solid rod AB has a diameter dAB 5 60 mm.
The pipe CD has an outer diameter of 90 mm and a
wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing that both the rod
and the pipe are made of steel for which the
allowable shearing stress is 75 MPa, determine the
largest torque T that can be applied at A.

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3.31 Determine the largest allowable diameter of a 3-m-long steel rod (G 5 77.2
GPa) if the rod is to be twisted through 308 without exceeding a shearing stress
of 80 MPa.

3.33 (a) For the solid steel shaft shown,

determine the angle of twist at A. Use G 5 11.2
3 106 psi. (b) Solve part a, assuming that the
steel shaft is hollow with a 1.5-in. outer radius
and a 0.75-in.
inner radius.

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3.34 (a) For the aluminum pipe shown (G 5 27 GPa), determine the
torque T0 causing an angle of twist of 2. (b) Determine the angle
of twist if the same torque T0 is applied to a solid cylindrical shaft
of the same length and cross-sectional area.

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3.35 The electric motor exerts a 500 N?m-torque on the aluminum shaft ABCD
when it is rotating at a constant speed. Knowing that G 5 27 GPa and that the
torques exerted on pulleys B and C are as shown, determine the angle of twist
between (a) B and C, (b) B and D.

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3.36 The torques shown are exerted on pulleys A and B. Knowing that the shafts
are solid and made of steel (G 5 77.2 GPa), determine the angle of twist between
(a) A and B, (b) A and C.

3.37 The aluminum rod BC (G 5 26 GPa) is bonded to the brass

rod AB (G 5 39 GPa). Knowing that each rod is solid and has
a diameter of 12 mm, determine the angle of twist (a) at B,
(b) at C.

3.38 The aluminum rod AB (G 5 27 GPa) is bonded to the brass rod BD (G 5 39

GPa). Knowing that portion CD of the brass rod is hollow and has an inner
diameter of 40 mm, determine the angle of twist at A.


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3.39 The solid spindle AB has a diameter ds 5 1.75 in. and is made of a steel with
G 5 11.2 3 106 psi and tall 5 12 ksi, while sleeve CD is made of a brass with G 5
5.6 3 106 psi and tall 5 7 ksi. Determine (a) the largest torque T that can be
applied at A if the given allowable stresses are not to be exceeded and if the
angle of twist of sleeve CD is not to exceed 0.3758, (b) the corresponding angle
through which end A rotates.

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3.40 The solid spindle AB has a diameter ds 5 1.5 in.
and is made of a steel with G 5 11.2 3 106 psi and
tall 5 12 ksi, while sleeve CD is made of a brass with
G 5 5.6 3 106 psi and tall 5 7 ksi. Determine the
largest angle through which end A can be rotated.

3.49 The electric motor exerts a torque of 800 N?m on the steel shaft ABCD when
it is rotating at a constant speed. Design specifications
require that the diameter of the shaft be uniform from A to D and that the angle
of twist between A and D not exceed 1.58. Knowing that tmax # 60 MPa and G 5
77.2 GPa, determine the minimum diameter shaft that can be used.

3.53 The composite shaft shown consists of a

0.2-in.-thick brass jacket (G 5 5.6 3 106 psi)
bonded to a 1.2-in.-diameter steel core
(Gsteel 5 11.2 3 106 psi). Knowing that the
shaft is subjected to 5 kip?in. torques,
determine (a) the maximum shearing stress
in the brass jacket, (b) the maximum
shearing stress in the steel core, (c) the angle
of twist of end B relative to end A.

3.54 The composite shaft shown consists of a 0.2-in.-thick brass jacket (G 5 5.6 3
106 psi) bonded to a 1.2-in.-diameter steel core (Gsteel 5 11.2 3 106 psi).
Knowing that the shaft is being subjected to the torques shown, determine the
largest angle through which it can be twisted if the following allowable stresses
are not to be exceeded: tsteel 5 15 ksi and tbrass 5 8 ksi.

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3.68 While a steel shaft of the cross section
shown rotates at 120 rpm, a stroboscopic
measurement indicates that the angle of
twist is 28 in a 4-m length. Using G 5 77.2
GPa, determine the power being transmitted.

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3.64 Determine the maximum shearing stress in a solid shaft of 1.5-in. diameter
as it transmits 75 hp at a speed of (a) 750 rpm, (b) 1500 rpm.

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3.65 Determine the maximum shearing stress in a solid shaft of 12-mm diameter
as it transmits 2.5 kW at a frequency of (a) 25 Hz, (b) 50 Hz.

3.66 Using an allowable shearing stress of 4.5 ksi, design a solid steel
shaft to transmit 12 hp at a speed of (a) 1200 rpm, (b) 2400 rpm.

3.67 Using an allowable shearing stress of 50 MPa, design a solid steel

shaft to transmit 15 kW at a frequency of (a) 30 Hz, (b) 60 Hz.

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3.69 Determine the required thickness of the 50-mm tubular shaft of

Concept Application 3.7, if it is to transmit the same power while
rotating at a frequency of 30 Hz.

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3.70 A steel drive shaft is 6 ft long and its outer and inner diametersare
respectively equal to 2.25 in. and 1.75 in. Knowing that the shaft transmits 240
hp while rotating at 1800 rpm, determine
(a) the maximum shearing stress, (b) the angle of twist of the shaft (G 5 11.2 3
106 psi).

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3.71 The hollow steel shaft shown (G 5 77.2 GPa, tall 5 50 MPa)
rotates at 240 rpm. Determine (a) the maximum power that can
be transmitted, (b) the corresponding angle of twist of the shaft.

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3.72 A steel pipe of 3.5-in. outer diameter is to be used to transmit a torque of
3000 lb?ft without exceeding an allowable shearing stress of 8 ksi. A series of
3.5-in.-outer-diameter pipes is available for use. Knowing that the wall thickness
of the available pipes varies from 0.25 in. to 0.50 in. in 0.0625-in. increments,
choose the lightest pipe that can be used.

3.73 The design of a machine element calls for a 40-mm-outerdiameter shaft to

transmit 45 kW. (a) If the speed of rotation is 720 rpm, determine the maximum
shearing stress in shaft a. (b) If the speed of rotation can be increased 50% to
1080 rpm, determine the largest inner diameter of shaft b for which the
maximum shearing stress will be the same in each shaft.


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3.82 A 1.5-m-long tubular steel shaft (G 5 77.2 GPa) of 38-mm outer diameter d1
and 30-mm inner diameter d2 is to transmit 100 kW between a turbine and a
generator. Knowing that the allowable shearing stress is 60 MPa and that the
angle of twist must not exceed 38, determine the minimum frequency at which
the shaft can rotate.

10.8 A frame consists of four L-shaped members

connected by four torsional springs, each of
constant K . Knowing that equal loads P are applied
at points A and D as shown, determine the critical
value Pcr of the loads applied to the frame.

10.11 A column of effective length L can be made by gluing together identical

planks in either of the arrangements shown. Determine the ratio of the critical
load using the arrangement a to the critical load using the arrangement b.

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10.12 A compression member of 1.5-m effective length consists of a solid 30-
mm-diameter brass rod. In order to reduce the weight of the member by 25%,
the solid rod is replaced by a hollow rod of the cross section shown. Determine
(a) the percent reduction in the critical load, (b) the value of the critical load for
the hollow rod. Use E 5 200 GPa.

10.14 Determine (a) the critical load for the square strut, (b) the radius of the
round strut for which both struts have the same critical load. (c) Express the
cross-sectional area of the square strut as a percentage of the cross-sectional
area of the round strut. Use E 5 200 GPa.

10.15 A column with the cross section shown has a 13.5-ft effective
length. Using a factor of safety equal to 2.8, determine the
allowable centric load that can be applied to the column.
Use E 5 29 3 106 psi.

10.16 A column is made from half of a W360 3 216 rolled-steel shape, with the
geometric properties as shown. Using a factor of safety equal to 2.6, determine
the allowable centric load if the effective length of the column is 6.5 m. Use E 5
200 GPa.


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10.17 A column of 22-ft effective length is made by welding two 9 3 0.5-in. plates
to a W8 3 35 as shown. Determine the allowable centric load if a factor of safety
of 2.3 is required. Use E 5 29 3 106 psi.

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10.18 A single compression member of 8.2-m

effective length is obtained by connecting two
C200 3 17.1 steel channels with lacing bars as
shown. Knowing that the factor of safety is 1.85,
determine the allowable centric load for the
member. Use E 5 200 GPa and d 5 100 mm.

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10.19 Knowing that P 5 5.2 kN, determine the factor of safety for the structure
shown. Use E 5 200 GPa and consider only buckling in the plane of the structure.

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10.26 Column AB carries a centric load P of magnitude 15 kips. Cables BC and

BD are taut and prevent motion of point B in the xz plane. Using Eulers formula
and a factor of safety of 2.2 , and neglecting the tension in the cables, determine
the maximum allowable length L . Use E 5 29 3 106 psi.