Entropy and the Ideal Gas

Ideal gas:
(U
V )T = 0
S

dU = CV dT for all processes

dU = dq - P dV
T or V

dq = dU + P dV
dqrev dT nR
dS = T = CV T + V dV

at constant V
dT
S = CV T assume Cv = cst

T2
S = CV ln T
1
at constant T
nR V2
S = V dV = nR ln V
1
dH = dU + PdV + VdP = dqrev PdV + PdV + VdP Pext = P
dqrev = dH VdP = CP dT VdP
dT nR
dS = CP - dP
T P
at constant P
dT T2
S = CP T = CP ln T assume CP = cst
1
T2 P
S = CP ln T - nR ln 2
1 P1
3
Example: 1 mole ideal monatomic gas: CV = 2 R = 12.5 J/K
double T at cst.V, S = 12.5 J/K ln 2 = 8.6 J/K
double T at cst P , S = 20.8 J/K ln 2 = 14.4 J/K
double V at cst T , S = 8.314 J/K ln 2 = 5.8 J/K

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