Cheat Sheet for Exam #1 on Thermodynamics

Ideal gas law:

2-12-04

PV = nRT (22.4 liters/mole at STP)

Specific heats: E = qV = ncVT:

Enthalpy: H = E + PV

H = qP = ncPT
cV = (#d.f.)x(1/2 RT) per mole
cP = cV + R for an ideal gas.

cV = 3/2 R for monatomic gas

(isobaric process at P0)

Work on ideal gas: W = - PdV = - P0(Vf - Vi)
= -nRT0 ln(Vf/Vi) (isothermal process at T0)
= ncV(Tf - Ti) (adiabatic process (q = 0 and PV = K; =cP/cV))
E = q + W

Energy Conservation:
Entropy:

S = q/T.
S = kBln

For an isothermal process, S = nRln(Vf/Vi) = nRln(Pi/Pf).

If not isothermal, S = nCln(Tf/Ti) where C = Cv or Cp depending on conditions

Free energy: G = H - TS;

Equilibrium constant:

G = G0 + RTln P;

391
413
432
160
467

G = G0 + RTlnQ

Keq = e-G0/RT = eS0/Re-H0/RT

Useful constants and conversions:

1 liter = 1000 cc
c = 3 x 108 m/s
N0 = 6.02 x 1023 molecules/mole

N-H
C-H
H-H
N-N
O-H

Maximum engine efficiency: = 1 - Tl/Th

1 cal = 4.184 J
kB = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K
1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kg

Average bond energies (KJ/mole)

Br-Br 193
C-N
305
Cl-Cl 239
CC
839
I-I
149
C=C
614
C-C
347
O=O
495
C-Cl
339
C=O
799

N=O
C=N
CN
N=N
NN

1 lit-atm = 101.3 J
R = 8.31 J/mole-K
h = 6.63 x 10-34 J-s

607
615
891
418
941

Thermodynamic Data for Water

Melts 0C Boils 100C
Density 1 g/cc
Cv (H2O(l)) = 75.3 J/mol-K
Svap = 109 J/mol-K
Hvap = 40.7 KJ/mol

Thermodynamic Data
Hf0
Gf0
S0
Hf0
-1
-1
(kJ/mol)
(kJ/mol) (JK mol )
(kJ/mol)
Br2 (l)
0
0
152
CH3OH(g)
-201
Br2(g)
31
3
245
CH3OH(l)
-239
Br2(aq)
-3
4
130
C2H4 (g)
52
Br-(aq) -121
-104
82
C2H6 (g)
-85
HBr (g) -36
-53
199
C6H12O6(s)
-1275
C(s) grph 0
0
6
H2(g)
0
C(s) dmd 2
3
2
H2O (l)
-286
CO(g)
-110
-137
198
H2O (g)
-242
CO2(g) -393
-394
214
N2 (g)
0
CH4(g)
-75
-51
186
NH3 (g)
-46
H2CO(g) -116
-110
219
O2 (g)
0
C3H8(g) -104
-24
270
O3 (g)
143
SO2(g)
-297
-300
248
S(s)
0
H2S(g) -21
-34
206
Xe(g)
0
Note to students: You also receive a periodic table with the cheat sheet.

Gf0
(kJ/mol)
-163
-166
68
-33
-911
0
-237
-229
0
-17
0
163
0
0

S0
(JK mol-1)
240
127
219
230
212
131
70
189
192
193
205
239
32
170
-1