www.urdulovers123.blogspot.

com

5:E65J Exercise 3.2 (Solutions)

5?2?
Theorem on Anti-Derivatives 3
= x 2 dx + x dx
i) cf ( x) dx = c f ( x) dx where c is constant.
3 5
+1
ii) [ f ( x) g ( x)] dx = f ( x)dx g ( x)dx =
x2
3
+
x1+1
1+1
+c =
x 2 x2
5
+ +c
2
+1
Important Integral 2 2
d n+1 2 52 1 2
Since x = ( n + 1) x n = x + x +c
dx 5 2
Taking integral w.r.t x
Important Integral
d n +1
dx x dx = ( n + 1) x dx
n
d
( ax + b ) = ( n + 1) ( ax + b ) a
n +1 n
Since
dx
x n+1 = ( n + 1) x n dx Taking integral
d
x n +1
dx ( ax + b ) dx = (n + 1) ( ax + b ) a dx
n +1 n
x dx = where n -1
n
n +1
( ax + b ) = ( n + 1) a ( ax + b ) dx
n +1 n
If n = -1 then
1
( ax + b )
n +1
x
dx = dx
-1

( ax + b )
n
x dx =
(n + 1) a
d 1
Since ln x =
dx x
Question # 1(iv)
1
Therefore dx = ln x + c 1
( 2 x + 3) 2
+1
x 1

Note: Since log of negative numbers does not ( 2 x + 3) 2 dx =

1 + 1 2
+c
exist therefore in above formula mod assure that 2

we are taking a log of +ive quantity. 3

=
( 2 x + 3) 2 + c
Question # 1(i)
3 2
( )
3x - 2 x + 1 dx = 3 x dx - 2 xdx + dx
2 2 2

x 2 +1 x1+1 1 3
= 3 - 2 + x+c = ( 2 x + 3) 2 + c
2 +1 1+1 3
x3 x2
= 3 - 2 + x + c Question # 1(v)
3 2
( ) ( )
2
= x - x + x+c x + 1 dx = ( x ) 2 + 2 x + 1 dx
3 2

Question # 1(ii) 1

= x + 2 ( x ) 2 + 1 dx
1 12 -
1
x +
x
dx = x + x 2 dx

= x dx + 2 ( x ) 2 dx + dx
1

1 1
-
= x 2 dx + x 2 dx
1
+1
x1+1 x2
= +2 + x+c
1
+1
1
- +1 1+1 1
x 2
x 2 +1
= + +c 2
1 1
+1 - +1 3
2 2 x2 x2
3 1 = +2 + x+c
2 3
x2 x2 2
= + +c
3 1 3

2 2 x2 4 x 2
= + + x+c
2 32 1 2 3
= x + 2 x 2 + c Ans.
3 Question # 1(vi)
2
Question # 1(iii) 1 1
1 x - x dx = x + x - 2 dx
x ( )
x + 1 dx = x x 2 + 1 dx
1
= xdx + dx - 2 dx
3
x
= x 2 + x dx x 2
= + ln x - 2 x + c
2

Math, Physics, Chemistry And Other Study Notes Freely Available Below Link
FSc-II / Ex- 3.2 - 2 www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com

Question # 1(vii) = e x dx + dx
3x + 2 3x + 2
x dx = x1 2 dx = ex + x + c Ans

3x 2 Question # 2(i)
= 1 2 + 1 2 dx
x x dx
= 3x + 2 x -1 2 dx
12
( ) x+a + x+b
= 3 x1 2 dx + 2 x -1 2 dx dx x+a - x+b
=
Now do yourself. x+a + x+b x+a - x+b
x+a - x+b
= dx
Question # 1(viii) x+a- x-b
y ( y + 1) 1 1

y dy =
( x + a)2 - ( x + b)2 dx
a -b
y ( y + 1) ( y + 1) dy 1 1 1

= dy = =
a - b
( x + a ) 2 dx - ( x + b ) 2 dx

( y)
2
y
1 1
1 ( x + a )2 ( x + b)2
+1
y 1 1 -
1
= + dy = y 2 + y 2 dy = - +c
y y a -b 1 1
2 + 1 + 1
1 1
2
-
= y 2 dy + y 2 dy 3 3
1 ( x + a ) 2 ( x + b) 2
1 1 3 1 = - +c
a -b 3 3
+1 - +1
y2 y 2 y2 y2
= + +c = + +c 2 2
1 1 3 1
+1 - +1
2 2 2 2 2 3 3

=
3( a - b)
( x + a ) 2 - ( x + b ) 2 + c Ans.

2 32 1
= y + 2y2 + c
3
Important Integral
Question # 1(ix) d 1
Since Tan -1 x =
( ) (q - 2 ) dq
2
q -1 q +1 dx 1 + x2
q
dq =
q Also
d
(
- Cot -1 x = ) 1
dx 1 + x2
q 2 q 1
= - + dq Therefore
1
dx = Tan -1 x or - Cot -1 x
q q q 1+ x 2

1 1
1
= q 2 - 2 + q 2 dq Similarly dx = Sin -1 x or - Cos -1 x
1- x 2

No do yourself 1
x x2 - 1 dx = Sec x or - Csc x
-1 -1

Question # 1(x)
Do yourself as above
Question # 2(ii) -1
Important Integral 1 - x2 1 + x 1 - x2
2

d ax 1 + x 2 dx
We know e = a eax -1 - x 2
dx 2 + +

Taking integral = -1 + dx 2
1 + x2
d ax
dx e dx = a e dx
ax
1
= - dx + 2 dx
1 + x2
e ax = a eax dx
= - x + 2Tan -1 x + c
e ax
e dx =
ax
a Question # 2(iii)
dx
Also note that e dx =
( ax + b ) e( ax +b ) x+a + x
a
dx x+a - x
Question # 1(xi) =
x+a + x x+a - x
e 2x + e x e 2x e x
ex dx = e x + e x dx =
x+a - x
dx
x+a-x
= e x + 1 dx ( ) 1
( x + a)2 - ( x)2
1

= dx
a

Math, Physics, Chemistry And Other Study Notes Freely Available Below Link
 www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com FSc-II / Ex- 3.2 - 3

1 1 1
sec ax
=
a
( x + a ) 2 dx - ( ) 2 dx
x sec ax tan ax dx = a
1 1 csc ax
1 ( x + a)2 ( x)2 csc ax cot ax dx = -
+1

= - +c a
a 1 1
2 + 1 + 1 Also note that
2
cos ( ax + b )
3
1 ( x + a)2 ( x)2
3
sin ( ax + b ) dx = - a
= - +c sin ( ax + b )
a 3 3
2 2 cos ( ax + b ) dx = a
and so on.

2 3 3

=
3a
( x + a ) 2 - x 2 + c Ans.
Question # 2(vi)
cos(a + b) x
sin(a + b) x dx = - a+b
Question # 2(iv)
3
3 ( a - 2x)2
+1 Question # 2(vii)
( a - 2 x ) dx = 2
3 + 1 -2
+c
1 - cos 2x dx
2 ( )
1 - cos 2 x
= 2sin 2 x dx Q sin 2 x =
5 2
=
( a - 2x)2 +c = 2 sin x dx = 2 ( - cos x ) + c
5
2 ( -2 ) = - 2 cos x + c

5

=-
( a - 2x)2 + c Important Formula
d n d
[ f ( x)] = ( n + 1) [ f ( x)] dx
n +1
5 Q f ( x)
dx
d
[ f ( x )] = ( n + 1) [ f ( x )] f ( x )
n +1 n

Question # 2(v) dx
(1 + e ) x 3
(1 + 3e x
+ 3e 2 x + e3 x ) dx Taking integral
e x
dx =
e x
d
dx [ f ( x)] dx = ( n + 1) [ f ( x)] f ( x)dx
n +1 n

1 3e 3e 2 x e3 x x
[ f ( x )] = ( n + 1) [ f ( x )] f ( x )dx
n +1 n
= x + x + x + x dx
e e e e
[ f ( x)]
n +1

(
= e + 3 + 3e + e dx
-x x 2x
) [ f ( x)] f ( x)dx = ( n + 1)
n
; n -1
-x 2x
e e
= + 3x + 3e x + +c d 1
-1 2 Also ln f ( x) = f ( x )
1 dx f ( x)
= -e- x + 3 x + 3e x + e2 x + c
2 Taking integral
f ( x )
Important Integrals ln f ( x) = dx
f ( x)
d
We know cos ax = - a sin ax f ( x )
dx
Taking integral
i.e. f ( x)
dx = ln f ( x) + c

d
dx cos ax dx = - a sin ax dx Question # 2(viii)
1
cos ax = - a sin ax dx Let I = ln x dx
x
cos ax 1
sin ax dx = - a
Put f ( x ) = ln x f ( x) =
x
d So I = [ f ( x)] f ( x ) dx
Also sin ax = a cos ax
dx
[ f ( x)] [ f ( x)]
1+1 2

sin ax = +c = +c
\ cos ax dx = 1+1 2
a
( ln x )
2
Similarly = +c
tan ax 2
sec ax dx = a
2

cot ax
cosec ax dx = -
2
a

Math, Physics, Chemistry And Other Study Notes Freely Available Below Link
FSc-II / Ex- 3.2 - 4 www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com

Question # 2(ix) Question # 2(xii)

1 - cos 2 x
sin x dx = 2 dx
2
cos 3x sin 2 x dx
1
2
1 1 = 2 cos 3x sin 2 x dx
= - cos 2 x dx
2 2 1
1 1 = [sin(3 x + 2 x) - sin(3 x - 2 x)] dx
= dx - cos 2 x dx 2
2 2 1
1 1 sin 2 x = [sin 5 x - sin x ] dx
= x- +c 2
2 2 2 1 cos 5 x
1 1 = - - ( - cos x ) + c
= x - sin 2 x + c 2 5
2 4
1 cos 5 x
=- - cos x + c
Question # 3(x) 2 5
1
1 + cos x dx Question # 2(xiii)
1 x 1 + cos x cos 2 x - 1 1 - cos 2 x
=
2 x
dx Q cos 2
2
=
2 1 + cos 2 x dx Q sin 2 x =
2
2 cos 1 - cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x
2 = - dx cos x =
2

x 1 + cos 2 x 2
1 x 1 tan 2 x 2
2sin x
= sec2 dx = + c = tan + c = - dx
2 2 2 1 2 2 cos 2 x
2
Alternative ( )
= - tan 2 x dx = - sec 2 x - 1 dx
1 1 1 - cos x = - sec 2 x dx + dx
1 + cos x dx = 1 + cos x 1 - cos x dx
1 - cos x = - tan x + x + c
= dx
1 - cos 2 x Question # 2(xiv)
1 - cos x
=
sin 2 x
dx 2 2
(
tan x dx = sec x - 1 dx )
1 cos x = sec2 x dx - dx
= 2 - 2 dx
sin x sin x = tan x - x + c
cos x Important Integral
= cosec2 x - dx
sin x sin x d 1 d
Since ln ax + b = ( ax + b )
= cosec2 xdx - cosec x cot x dx dx ax + b dx
d 1
= - cot x - ( - cosec x ) + c ln ax + b = a
dx ax + b
= cosec x - cot x + c On Integrating
1
Question # 2(xi) ln ax + b = a dx
ax + b
ax + b
Let I = 2 dx 1 ln ax + b
ax + bx + c dx =
ax + b a
Put f ( x ) = ax 2 + 2bx + c
f ( x) = 2ax + 2b
1
f ( x ) = 2 ( ax + b ) f ( x ) = ax + b
2
1 f ( x )
So I = 2 dx
f ( x)
1 f ( x ) 1
= dx = ln f ( x) + c1
2 f ( x) 2
1
= ln ax 2 + bx + c + c1
2

Review
2sin a cos b = sin (a + b ) + sin (a - b )
2 cos a sin b = sin (a + b ) - sin (a - b )
2 cos a cos b = cos (a + b ) + cos (a - b )
- 2sin a sin b = cos (a + b ) - cos (a - b )

Math, Physics, Chemistry And Other Study Notes Freely Available Below Link