AISC-ASD89-1

Title

Design of Compression Member

Description

Check the adequacy of a W10 45 section by Allowable Stress Design. A36 steel is used
and service loads are 50 kips dead load and 110 kips live load.

Compression Member

1
Verification Example

Theoretical Results (AISC-ASD89)

Compute slenderness ratio
( KL) x 1.0(30)12 ( KL) y 1.0(15)12
= = 83.3 = = 89.6
rx 4.32 ry 2.01

Compute allowable stress Fa . Compare the KL / r with Cc to determine whether the

shoter or long column fomular applies
2 2 E 2 2 29, 000
Cc = = = 126
Fy 36

Since the controlling KL / r of 89.6 is less than Cc , the allowable stress is based on the
parabolic equation for inelastic buckling. Thus, by calculation or from ASD
NUMERICAL VALUES TABLE 3
( KL / r ) 2
1 Fy
2Cc2
Fa = = 14.3 ksi
5 3( KL / r ) ( KL / r )3
+
3 8Cc 8Cc3

Comparison of stresses
P 160
fa = = = 12.0 ksi < [ Fa = 14.3 ksi ]
Ag 13.3

Results by the MIDAS/Gen

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDAS/Gen - Steel Code Checking [ AISC-ASD89 ]
=====================================================

*.DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH SCALING UP FACTORS.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LCB C Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0 DL( 1.000) + LL( 1.000)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*. UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in

*. SECTION PROPERTIES : Designation = W10x45

Shape = H - Section. (Rolled)

2
 AISC-ASD89-1

Depth = 10.100, Top F Width = 8.020, Bot.F Width = 8.020

Web Thick = 0.350, Top F Thick = 0.620, Bot.F Thick = 0.620

*. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION :

Ly = 3.60000e+002, Lz = 3.60000e+002, Lu = 3.60000e+002
Ky = 1.00000e+000, Kz = 5.00000e-001

*. MATERIAL PROPERTIES :
Fy = 3.60000e+001, Es = 2.90000e+004, MATERIAL NAME = A36

*. FORCES AND MOMENTS AT (I) POINT :

Axial Force Fxx =-1.60000e+002

===================================
[[[*]]] CHECK AXIAL STRESS.
===================================

( ). Check slenderness ratio of axial compression member (Kl/r).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B7. ]
-. Kl/r = 89.6 < 200.0 ---> O.K.

( ). Calculate allowable compressive stress (Fa).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification E2. (E2-1) ]
[ 2*(Pi^2)*Es ]
-. Cc = SQRT [ ----------------- ] = 126.10
[ Fy ]
-. Kl/r < Cc
[ (Kl/r)^2 ]
[ 1 - ----------- ]*Fy
[ 2*Cc^2 ]
-. Fa = ------------------------------- = 14.258 kip/in^2.
5 3*(Kl/r) (Kl/r)^3
--- + ---------- - -----------
3 8*Cc 8*Cc^3

( ). Calculate axial compressive stress of member (fa).

-. fa = Fxx/Area = -12.030 kip/in^2.

( ). Check ratio of axial stress (fa/Fa).

fa 12.030
-. ---- = ------------ = 0.844 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
Fa 14.258

3
Verification Example

Comparison of Results
Reference MIDAS/Gen
( KL) y / ry (slenderness ratio) 89.6 89.6
Cc (limit slenderness ratio) 126 126
Fa (allowable compressive stress) 14.3 ksi 14.3 ksi
f a (axial compressive stress) 12.0 ksi 12.0 ksi

Reference

CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 6.11.1

4
 AISC-ASD89-2

Title

Design of Laterally Supported Beam

Description

Select the lightest W or M section to carry a uniformly distributed dead load of 0.2 kip/ft
superimposed (i.e., in addition to the beam weight) and 0.8 kip/ft live load. The simply
supported span is 20ft. The compression flange of the beam is fully supported against
lateral movement. Use Allowable Stress Design with A36 steel.

Laterally Supported Beam

1
Verification Example

Theoretical Results (AISC-ASD89)

A36 steel. Assume compact sectionsince nearly all sections satisfy the width/thickness
limits p : thus, the allowable stress Fb would be
Fb = 0.66 Fy

Note that rounded values (i.e., 0.66 times 36 = 23.8 ksi ; use 24 ksi) are accepted values in
accordance with ASD-NUMERICAL VALUES TABLE

The superimposed service load (1kip/ft) bending moment is

M = wL2 / 8 = 1.0(20) 2 / 8 = 50 ft-kips
M 50(12)
Required S x = = = 25 in 3
Fb 24

Try W12 22 : S x = 25.4 in 3

Check compact limits ( p ) of ASD-Table B5.1

bf 4.03
= = 4.7 < 10.8 (Table 7.4.2) OK
2t f 2(0.425)
d 12.31
= = 47.3 < 107 (Table 7.4.2) OK
tw 0.260

Note that ASD uses overall depth d whereas LRFD uses the supported height hc of the web
even though the limit is the same.

Check the flexural stress :

M = 1.022(20) 2 / 8 = 51.1 ft-kips (including beam weight)
M 51.1(12)
fb = = = 24.1 ksi [ Fb = 24 ksi ] OK
Sx 25.4

Use W12 22, Fy = 36 ksi

2
 AISC-ASD89-2

Results by the MIDAS/Gen

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDAS/Gen - Steel Code Checking [ AISC-ASD89 ]
=====================================================

*.DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH SCALING UP FACTORS.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LCB C Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0 Load( 1.000) + Self Weight( 1.000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*. UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in

*. SECTION PROPERTIES : Designation = W12x22

Shape = H - Section. (Rolled)
Depth = 12.310, Top F Width = 4.030, Bot.F Width = 4.030
Web Thick = 0.260, Top F Thick = 0.425, Bot.F Thick = 0.425

*. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION :

Ly = 2.40000e+002, Lz = 2.40000e+002, Lu = 0.00000e+000
Ky = 1.00000e+000, Kz = 1.00000e+000

*. MATERIAL PROPERTIES :
Fy = 3.60000e+001, Es = 2.90000e+004, MATERIAL NAME = A36

*. FORCES AND MOMENTS AT (1/2) POINT :

Bending Moments My = 6.13250e+002, Mz = 0.00000e+000

==================================================
[[[*]]] CHECK BENDING STRESSES ABOUT MAJOR AXIS.
==================================================

( ). Check depth-thickness ratio of web (DTR).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B5.1 ]
-. DTR = Dweb/tw = 44.077
-. DTR < 640/SQRT[Fy] ---> COMPACT SECTION !
( ). Check width-thickness ratio of flange (BTR).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B5.1 ]
-. h/t = 44.08 < 70. ---> kc = 1.0
-. BTR = bf/2tf = 4.74
-. BTR < 65/SQRT[Fy] ---> COMPACT SECTION !

( ). Calculate allowable bending stresses (FBCy,FBTy).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.1 (F1-1) ]
3
Verification Example

-. FBCy,FBTy = 0.66*Fy = 23.760 kip/in^2. if Fy < 65 ksi.

( ). Calculate actual bending stresses of member (fbcy,fbty).

-. fbcy = (My*Ccom)/Iyy = -24.196 kip/in^2.
-. fbty = (My*Cten)/Iyy = 24.196 kip/in^2.

4
 AISC-ASD89-2

Comparison of Results
Reference MIDAS/Gen
Fb (allowable stress) Fb = 0.66 f b = 23.8 ksi Fb = 0.66 f b = 23.8 ksi
b f / 2t f (width-thickness ratio of flange) 4.7 4.7
f b (flexural stress) 24.1 ksi 24.2 ksi

Reference

CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 7.5.1

5
 AISC-ASD89-3

Title

Design for Combined Bending and Axial Load

Description

Investigate the acceptability of a W16 67 used as a beam-column under the loading shown
in Figure. The total service loads are P = 350 kips and M = 60 ft-kips, and Fy = 60 ksi. Use
Allowable Stress Design.

Beam-column with Combined Bending and Axial Load

1
Verification Example

Theoretical Results (AISC-ASD89)

Column effect
KL 15(12)
= = 73
ry 2.46
KL / r 73
= = 0.747
Cc 97.7
Fa = Cc Fy = 0.381(60) = 22.8 ksi

P 350
fa = = = 17.8 ksi
Ag 19.7
f a 17.8
= = 0.78 > 0.15
Fa 22.8

Beam effect
76b f 76(10.235)
Lc = = = 8.4 ft (controls)
Fy 60(12)
or
20, 000 20, 000
Lc = = = 11.6 ft
(d / Af ) Fy 2.40(60)12

12, 000 12, 000

Fb = = = 27.8 ksi < 0.60 Fy
Lb d / Af 15(12)(2.40)
Lb 15(12)
= = 65.5
rT 2.75
( Lb / rT ) 2 (65.5) 2
Fb = 40.0 = 40.0 = 29.9 ksi
425 425

Cm = 0.6 0.4( M 1 / M 2 ) = 0.60

60(12)
fb = = 6.15 ksi
117
Cm f b 0.6(6.15)
= = 0.12
Fb 29.9

KL 15(12)
= = 25.9
rx 6.96
Fe' = 223 ksi

2
 AISC-ASD89-3

where the x-axis is the axis of bending. The magnification factor is

1 1.0 1.0
= = = 1.09
1 f a / Fe 1 17.8 / 223 1 0.0798
'

Check of ASD Formulas

For stability, Formular (H1-1)
f a Cm f b 1.0
+ ( ) = 0.78 + 0.12(1.09) = 0.91 < 1.0
Fa Fb 1 f a / Fe'

For yielding, Formualr (H1-2), at the braced point,

fa f 17.8 6.15
+ b = + = 0.66 < 1.0
0.60 Fy Fb 36 29.9

Results by the MIDAS/Gen

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDAS/Gen - Steel Code Checking [ AISC-ASD89 ]
=================================================
*.DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS WITH SCALING UP FACTORS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LCB C Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor) + Loadcase Name(Factor)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 0 Load( 1.000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*. UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in

*. SECTION PROPERTIES : Designation = W16x67

Shape = H - Section. (Rolled)
Depth = 16.330, Top F Width = 10.235, Bot.F Width = 10.235
Web Thick = 0.395, Top F Thick = 0.665, Bot.F Thick = 0.665

*. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION :

Ly = 1.80000e+002, Lz = 1.80000e+002, Lu = 1.80000e+002
Ky = 1.00000e+000, Kz = 1.00000e+000

*. MATERIAL PROPERTIES :
Fy = 6.00000e+001, Es = 2.90000e+004, MATERIAL NAME = A572-60
*. FORCES AND MOMENTS AT (J) POINT :
Axial Force Fxx =-3.50000e+002
Shear Forces Fyy = 0.00000e+000, Fzz =-4.00000e+000
Bending Moments My = 7.20000e+002, Mz = 0.00000e+000
Moments of j-node Myyj = 7.20000e+002, Mzzj = 0.00000e+000

3
Verification Example

================================
[[[*]]] CHECK AXIAL STRESS.
================================
( ). Check slenderness ratio of axial compression member (Kl/r).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification B7. ]
-. Kl/r = 73.2 < 200.0 ---> O.K.

( ). Calculate allowable compressive stress (Fa).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification E2. (E2-1) ]
[ 2*(Pi^2)*Es ]
-. Cc = SQRT [ -----------------] = 97.68
[ Fy ]
-. Kl/r < Cc
[ (Kl/r)^2 ]
[ 1 - ----------- ]*Fy
[ 2*Cc^2 ]
-. Fa = -------------------------------- = 22.778 kip/in^2.
5 3*(Kl/r) (Kl/r)^3
--- + ---------- - ----------
3 8*Cc 8*Cc^3

( ). Calculate axial compressive stress of member (fa).

-. fa = Fxx/Area = -17.766 kip/in^2.

( ). Check ratio of axial stress (fa/Fa).

fa 17.766
-. ---- = ------------- = 0.780 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
Fa 22.778
===================================================
[[[*]]] CHECK BENDING STRESSES ABOUT MAJOR AXIS.
===================================================
( ). Check laterally unbraced length of compression flange (Lu).
[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.1 (F1-2) ]
-. Lcr1 = (76*bf)/SQRT[Fy] = 100.42 in.
-. Lcr2 = 20000/((d/Af)*Fy) = 138.93 in.
-. Lcr = MIN[ Lcr1, Lcr2 ] = 100.42 in.
-. Lu = 180.00 in. > Lcr

( ). Calculate bending coefficient (Cb).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 ]
-. Cb = 1.000 (User defined or default value)

( ). Calculate radius of gyration (rT)

-. Azz = Bf*tf + tw*(Ccom-tf)/3 = 7.7938
-. Izz = tf*Bf^3/12 + {(Ccom-tf)/3}*tw^3/12 = 59.4289
-. rT = SQRT[Izz/Azz] = 2.761

4
 AISC-ASD89-3

( ). Check ratio of Lu-rT (Lu/rT).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 ]
-. CRrog2 = SQRT[ (510000*Cb)/Fy ] = 92.195
-. Lu/rT = 65.185 < CRrog2

( ). Calculate allowable compressive bending stresses (FBC).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification F1.3 (F1-6,F1-8) ]
12000*Cb
-. FBCi = -------------- = 27.786 kip/in^2.
(Lu*d)/Af
2 Fy*(Lu/rT)^2
-. FBCj = [ --- - ------------------ ]*Fy = 30.002 kip/in^2.
3 1530000*Cb
-. FBC = MAX( FBCi, FBCj ) = 30.002 kip/in^2.

====================================
[[[*]]] CHECK COMBINED STRESSES.
====================================

( ). Check interaction ratio of combined stresses (Axial compression + bending).

[ AISC-ASD89 Specification H1. (H1-1, H1-2) ]
-. fa/Fa > 0.15
-. Single Curvature Bending.
-. Cmy = 0.6 - 0.4*(My1/My2) = 0.600
-. Single Curvature Bending.
-. Cmz = 0.6 - 0.4*(Mz1/Mz2) = 1.000
-. Cmz > 1.0 ---> Cmz = 1.0
12*(Pi^2)*Es
-. F'ey = ----------------- = 223.267 kip/in^2.
23*(Kl/r)^2
Cmy
-. SFy = --------------- = 0.652
1. - fa/F'ey

*. Check interaction ratio of combined stress at member end point.

fa Cmy*fbcy Cmz*fbcz
-. Rmax1 = ---- + ----------------------- + ----------------------
Fa (1-fa/F'ey)*FBCy (1-fa/F'ez)*FBCz

fa SFy*fbcy SFz*fbcz
= ---- + ------------- + ------------- (H1-1)
Fa FBCy FBCz
= 0.914 < 1.000 ---> O.K.
fa fbcy fbcz
-. Rmax2 = ----------- + --------- + -------- (H1-2)
0.6*Fy FBCy FBCz
= 0.699 < 1.000 ---> O.K.

5
Verification Example

Comparison of Results
Reference MIDAS/Gen
( KL) y / ry (slenderness ratio) 73 73
Fa (allowable compressive stress) 22.8 ksi 22.8 ksi
f a (axial compressive stress) 17.8 ksi 17.8 ksi
Fb (allowable compressive bending stress) 29.9 ksi 30.0 ksi
Cm (equivalent moment correction factor) 0.6 0.6
Fe' (Euler stress devided by a factor of a safety) 223 ksi 223 ksi
Interaction ratio of combined stresses

f a Cm f b 1.0
+ ( ) (for stability) 0.91 0.91
Fa Fb 1 f a / Fe'

fa f
+ b (for yielding) 0.70 0.70
0.60 Fy Fb

Reference

CHARLES G. SALMON, JOHN E. JOHNSON, Steel Structure, Example 12.14.1