Jennifer Robinson

ISM- Period 6

Romito, Kathleen, MD. "Intrauterine Device (IUD) for Birth Control." WebMD. WebMD,

22 May 2015. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. <http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-

control/intrauterine-device-iud-for-birth-control>.

There are two types of IUDs, hormonal and copper

IUDs are inserted by going through the vagina, into cervix, and finally into the

uterus
Hormonal IUD contains hormones such as progestin and can stay in for 3-5 years
Copper IUD contains no hormones. It is effective because copper wire is wrapped

around the stem of the device, which causes the uterus and fallopian tubes to

secrete a fluid that kills sperm. Can be effective for up to ten years.
Hormonal IUD lessens PMS symptoms such as cramping, and lessen the bleeding

during that week.

IUD insertion becomes much more difficult for a woman who hasnt delivered a

child vaginally before, because the cervix is harder and closed more than someone

who has delivered a child.

The hormonal IUD method is 99% effective. The IUD creates a mucus plug that

covers the cervix which prevents pregnancy. In rare cases, the mucus plug can fall

off or the device can come out of the uterus if the strings get pulled, resulting in

pregnancy.
Women who have an IUD inserted may experience light spotting and cramping for

24 hours after insertion.

This source was helpful because it gave me more insight for my final presentation and
gave me a better understanding of the IUD method.
 Jennifer Robinson
ISM- Period 6

Johnson, Traci C., MD. "What Is the NuvaRing?" WebMD. WebMD, 21 Jan. 2017. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.

http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/nuvaring

The nuvaring is a small, flexible ring shaped piece of plastic containing hormones.
The nuvaring is about the size of a silver dollar
Contains the same amount of hormones as birth control pills
stays in the vagina for three weeks
Nuvaring releases a low dose of hormones
When used CORRECTLY, the nuvaring can be 98% effective. If not used correctly
(falls out, not replaced after three weeks, etc.) the woman can get pregnant at any
time.
Between 1 & 2 women get pregnant while using nuvaring.
Side effects of the nuvaring method include: headache, weight gain, nausea, breast
tenderness, vaginal irritation.
Hormonal birth control methods, including the nuvaring, are not a good option for
women who: have a history of blood clots, heart attack, or stroke, women who have
breast cancer, or are older than 35 and smoke cigarettes
The nuvaring does not prevent against sexually transmitted diseases
The nuvaring is a contraceptive ring
The woman will remove the ring for 1 week before replacing it with a new one and
then she will have a period
Women who have migranes should talk to their doctor about other options

This article helped me learn more about the nuvaring method and provided me with more
information that I can use in my presentation.
 Jennifer Robinson
ISM- Period 6

FACOG, Bryan S. Jick MD. "Ob/Gyn History - Specialists in Obstetrics and Gynecology |

Pasadena, CA." Ob/Gyn History - Specialists in Obstetrics and Gynecology | Pasadena,

CA. Fair Oaks Womens Health, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.

<http://www.fowh.com/obgynhistory.html>.

John Braxton Hicks was chosen as president of London Obstetrical Society in 1871.
Now known for Braxton Hicks contractions which is the contracting of the uterus, not
resulting in childbirth.
Georgious Nicholas Papanikalou studied pathology in New York and introduced the pap
smear in 1923.
Today this is a routine part of well-womens exams to make sure all cervical cells are
normal.
Gabrielle Fallopio received his MD in 1548 from Ferra Medical School in Europe.
Fallopio discovered the fallopian tube
while in charge of reproductive surgeries at the University of Padua
John Langdon Down discovered downs syndrome
Down entered the Royal London medical school in 1853
Qualified in 1856 for the Apothecaries Hall and Royal College of London
In 1858 he was named Medical Superintendent of Earlswood Asylum for Idiots in Surrey
Elected as Assistant Physician at the London Hospital

This article helped me learn more about the history of obstetrics and gynecology, which
helps me because I have a slide in my powerpoint over this that I havent completed.

Mayo Clinic Staff. "Essure." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic Staff, 29 Nov. 2016. Web. 03 Apr.

2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/essure/basics/definition/PRC-

20014310
 Jennifer Robinson
ISM- Period 6

Essure is a form of permanent birth control that cant be reversed

The essure method includes metal coils to be inserted into the fallopian tubes,
forming scar tissue and ultimately blocking the pathway for formation of a zygote
Essure takes three months to fully develop scar tissue and become effective
Essure does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases

Perks of the essure method- Permanence, Effectiveness, Lack of long-term side

effects, No need to buy contraception, interrupt sex for contraception, No scarring of
the skin, Convenience
Fallopian tubes can become perforated if the device moves
In the first year of implantation fewer than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant
Ectopic pregnancy can occur
The doctor will insert the coils of the essure by inserting a hysteroscope (a small
tube with a camera on the end of it)
Patients are recommended to take medicine beforehand to reduce the chance of
muscle spasms or cramps throughout the procedure
The insertion of the essure is an outpatient procedure, so the patient will be
allowed to leave immediately after
Side effects include
- Cramping
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Vomitting
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Light bleeding or spotting
Contact your doctor immediately if you pass a coil or if you have severe pelvic
pain

This source was helpful to me finding out more information on the essure method
since I still have not completed that slide in my presentation.