Chapter 11: Oppression is the Message: Media, Sport,

Spectacle, and Gender

Media reinforces unequal gender representations (commentators

and journalists)
Media is a spectacle and they need to sell and make a profit
Conscious decisions made in choosing pictures and presenting
information to appeal to readers
Majority of people working in media are men and they put their
perspective on most issues and way they conduct interviews
Magazines define health and beauty with the typical
heterosexual male ideal
Crisis surrounding the male ideal and sexuality emphasized in
the media
Disparity between black and non-black males in sport media
Just do it
Norms of social privilege are mirrored in sport media by changes
in the representations of many groups

Chapter 12: Eating Disorders, Physical Activity, and Sport:

Biological Psychological, and Sociological Factors
Eating disorders is on the rise especially in young female
populations
Became very prevalent in 1960s and DSM criteria were made to
diagnose
Children more predisposed to eating disorders due to media and
the constant message of not being good enough and needing to
be more healthy
Female body ideal was changing from full to slim and female
models are wearing fewer clothes
It is more popular to get body enhancement procedures like
breast implants
Women strive to maintain the young virgin body (skinny and
small)
Society has an obsession with fitness and health and shame
uninterested
Mass media alters our attitudes and increases pressure
 Obsessions with the body leads to eating disorders (food and
weight control)
Compulsive exercising to achieve the ideal body
Eating disorders and competitive sport because success is not
only determined by skill, but by a graceful and slender body as
well