S T U DY I N E U R O P E

DELEGATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO MALAYSIA

Menara Tan & Tan, Suite 10.01
207, Jalan Tun Razak
50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia GUIDEBOOK on higher education in the European Union
Tel : (+603) 2723 7373 Fax : (+603) 2723 7337
Email : delegation-malaysia@eeas.europa.eu and its Member States for Malaysian Students
http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/malaysia/
 FOREWORD
CONTENTS
Foreword by the Head of Delegation 1 Dear Students,
Introduction to the European Union 2
Austria 4
Every year more and more students in Europe and in Malaysia are opting to study
abroad. They do so for a full degree or for a study period that forms part of their
Belgium 6
degree at home. Europe is a particularly attractive option with around 4,000
Bulgaria 8 higher education institutions - many of which are world-renowned and pioneers
Croatia 10 in education and research - and over 19 million fellow students.
Cyprus 12
Czech Republic 14 In 2004, the European Union launched the Erasmus Mundus programme. This
Denmark 16
global scheme is designed to enable students and visiting researchers from
around the world to engage in postgraduate study at European universities, as
Estonia 18
well as strengthen cooperation between local and European universities. Since
Finland 20 2004, 170 Malaysians have pursued their Master's and Doctoral studies under the
France 22 Erasmus Mundus programme. Several Malaysian universities have also engaged in
Germany 26 research partnerships with their European counterparts.
Greece 28
Hungary 30
Of course, studying in the European Union is about more than gaining academic
qualifications. You have the opportunity to lead a vibrant student life in an interna-
Ireland 32
tional setting, to meet new people, learn new languages, and enjoy a diversity of
Italy 34 cultures, among many other exciting experiences.
Latvia 36
Lithuania 38 In this second edition of the Study in Europe guidebook for Malaysian students,
Luxembourg 40 you will find relevant information about higher education opportunities as well as
Malta 42
the various scholarships funded by the European Union and its 28 Member States.
I hope it will help you take the first step in an exciting and rewarding journey to
The Netherlands 44
Europe.
Poland 46
Portugal 48
Romania 50
Slovakia 52
Slovenia 54
H. E. LUC VANDEBON
Spain 56
Ambassador
Sweden 58 Head of Delegation
United Kingdom 60

1
 THE EUROPEAN UNION
Introduction to the European Union
The European Union (EU) is a unique economic and political partnership between 28
democratic European countries. Its political system is historically unique and has
been constantly evolving for more than 50 years.
The EU is formed by seven institutions, each playing a specific role: the European
Parliament (elected by citizens of the Member States), the Council of the European
Union (representing the governments of Member States), the European Commission
(the executive body), the Court of Justice (ensuring compliance with the law), the
European Council, European Investment Bank and the Court of Auditors (controlling
the sound and lawful management of the EU budget).
Delegation of the European Union to Malaysia
The European Union has a network of 139 Delegations and Offices, which act as
diplomatic missions worldwide. The Delegation of the European Union to Malaysia
was established in 2003, and works to promote closer ties with Malaysia by providing
an efficient and reliable communication channel between the EU and Malaysian
authorities, business, education institutions and civil society. The Delegation also
promotes people-to-people contacts and highlights Europes cultural and linguistic
diversity. It supports European higher education exchanges and facilitates coopera-
tion in the field of science and technology through its various activities.
The Higher Education System
Education in the EU is the responsibility of the individual EU Member States. However,
the EU has a complementary role to play: to add a European dimension to education,
to help develop quality education and to encourage life-long learning.
The European Higher Education Area - created via the Bologna Process in which 46
countries, the European Commission and other consultative bodies participate -
provides common principles for higher education, making it
easier and more transparent for outside partners to cooperate
with European universities. The intention of the
EHEA is to allow the diversity of national systems
and universities to be maintained while improving
transparency between higher education systems,
as well as facilitating recognition of degrees
and academic qualifications, mobility and
exchange between institutions.
2 3
European countries have agreed on a three-cycle degree system:
(1) Bachelors Degree (180 240 ECTS), 3 to 4 years;
(2) Masters Degree (90 120 ECTS), 1 to 2 years;
(3) Doctoral Programme, 3 or more years.
Under the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS), 60 ECTS credits measure the
workload of a full-time student during one academic year. A full-time student
workload amount may range from 1,200 to 1,800 hours per year. Credits can only
be obtained after successful completion of the work required and appropriate
assessment of the learning outcomes.
Erasmus Mundus Programme and Scholarships
The Erasmus Mundus Joint Programme (Action 1) sees special courses at Masters
and Doctorate level set up by groups of European universities for international
students. Each Erasmus Mundus Consortium comprises of universities from three
or more different EU Member States. Students studying in Erasmus Mundus
courses will carry out their period of study in at least two of the three participat-
ing Erasmus Mundus Consortium universities.
The EUs flagship Erasmus Mundus Scholarship programme is aimed at encour-
aging and enabling highly qualified graduate students from third countries,
including Malaysia, to follow Masters courses or carry out research fellowships in
Europe. Funds are also available for scholars to carry out teaching or research
assignments at participating institutions.
Applications for Erasmus Mundus Scholarships should be addressed directly to the
Erasmus Mundus Consortium offering the particular course of interest. Applications
cannot be submitted directly to the EU. Applicants are advised to refer to the
specific course websites for detailed information including prerequisites, applica-
tion process, forms and deadlines, as these vary from one Consortium to another.
Further details on Erasmus Mundus and participating universities can be found
at http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/erasmus_mundus/index_en.php.
More information
Delegation of the European Union to Malaysia
Address: Suite 10.01, 10th Floor, Menara Tan & Tan,
207 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (+603) 2723 7373
Email: delegation-malaysia@eeas.europa.eu
Website: http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/malaysia
Study in Europe (http://www.studyineurope.eu/)
 AUSTRIA
Basic country information

Austria is a landlocked country of 8.3 million inhabitants in Central Europe. It is

bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to
the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the
west. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps.

Today, Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine

independent Federal Provinces: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Upper Austria,
Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Vorarlberg and Vienna. The capital and largest city is Vienna.
The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official
language. The other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.

The higher education system

There is a wide variety of higher educational institutions in Austria. Sixteen Austrian
universities offer a broad range of study options for students. In addition, six Austrian
Universities of Arts offer their students a creative education in the realms of music,
theatre, film, fine arts and applied arts. Apart from the public universities, there are
also a range of private universities and institutions. Since 1993, Austria has also been
introducing technical universities (Fachhochschulen) which provide scientifically
grounded vocational training with a strong practical orientation. To date, these
technical universities offer 246 different FH degree programmes (Fachhochschul-Stu-
diengnge www.fachhochschulen.at).
Application and scholarships
The Austrian government, private institutions and universities offer a number of
scholarships for students. The Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in
Education and Research (sterreichischer Austauschdienst) was established to
manage all grants for foreign students. A comprehensive list of scholarships and
research grants available for Malaysian students can be accessed at
http://www.oead.at/welcome_to_austria/grants_scholar-
ships/grants_database/to_the_database/EN/

Most universities offer the following study programmes: More information

(1) Bachelors degree (Bakkalaureus, Bakkalaureus FH): 6 to 8 semesters; Embassy of Austria

(2) Masters degree (Magister, Magister FH, Diplom-Ingenieur, Diplom-Ingenieur FH):
2 to 4 semesters;
(3) Doctoral program (Doktoratstudien): 4 to 6 semesters.
The language of instruction is usually German. Many institutions, however, also offer
international programmes taught in other languages (mostly English). A list of the
international programmes can be found at
http://www.oead.at/fileadmin/oead_zentrale/willkom-
men_in_oe/international_programmes/International_Programmes.pdf.
Address: Suite 10.01-02, Level 10, Wisma Goldhill, 67, Jalan Raja Chulan, 50200
Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 2057 9432 | Email: kuala-lumpur-ob@bmeia.gv.at
Website: http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/embassy/kuala-lumpur.html
sterreichischer Austauschdienst - Austrian Agency for International
Cooperation in Education and Research
(http://www.oead.at/welcome_to_austria/EN/)
Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture
(http://www.bmukk.gv.at/enfr/school/index.xml)
Ministry of Science and Research (www.bmwf.gv.at)

4 5
 B E LG I U M
Basic country information

Belgium is truly the heart of Europe. Home to the European Commission and many
hundreds of international companies and research institutions, it is situated in one of
the world's most densely populated and prosperous regions. Moreover, its unique,
global orientation makes Belgium a centre for international networking activity and
offers a whole array of possibilities to young graduates and students.

Belgiums landscape varies widely: 67 kilometres of seacoast and flat coastal plains
along the North Sea, a central plateau and the rolling hills and forests of the Ardennes
region in the southeast. And from your base in Belgium, you can easily discover the
rest of Europe as well: Paris, Amsterdam and London are all less than two hours by
train from Brussels. Application and scholarships

With three national languages, multiculturalism and a rich historic culture are
Belgiums biggest assets. Aside from their mother tongue, the majority of the popula-
tion also speaks English. Belgium is a comfortable, safe place to live: the country has
a healthcare system that is among the best in the world and an extremely high quality
of life (including excellent food and drinks).
The higher education system
Belgium's institutions of higher education are renowned worldwide and hold their
own in the authoritative rankings compiled by the Financial Times, the Times Higher
Education magazine and the Academic Ranking of World Universities, commonly
known as the Shanghai Ranking. They have also developed an external quality
assurance system in addition to regular self-assessments. Add their close ties with the
business community, expert lecturers and modest tuition fees, and it's difficult to
match Belgium's educational price-quality ratio.
The standard of education in Belgium today is one of the highest in Europe. Universi-
ties and university colleges are grouped in associations. The Belgian higher education
system is part of the so-called European Higher Education Area established by the
Bologna Process, which launched a uniform European framework for higher educa-
tion studies.
Higher education is offered in Dutch, French, German and English. Indeed, Belgian
universities have developed numerous English-language study programmes, making
it easy for international students to experience first-hand the excellent quality of
education in Belgium.
Information on application and registration procedures can be found on the website
of the major Belgian universities.
A limited number of scholarships for Malaysian students are offered either by the
Malaysian government or in the framework of inter-university cooperation
programmes.
More information
Embassy of Belgium
Address: Suite 10.02, 10th Floor, Menara Tan & Tan, 207 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400
Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: (+603) 2162 0025 | Email: kualalumpur@diplobel.fed.be
Website : www.diplomatie.be/kualalumpur/
Federation of Enterprises in Belgium - Top Study Belgium
(http://www.topstudybelgium.be/en.aspx)
Studying in Belgium
(http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/services/travel_to_belgium/
studying_in_belgium/)
Study in Flanders (http://www.studyinflanders.be/)
Study in Wallonia-Brussels (http://www.studyinbelgium.be/en)
DG Live : Study in the German-speaking Community
(http://www.dglive.be/en/Desktopdefault.aspx/tabid- 1263/2264_read-27181/)
Recognition of Diplomas (http://www.enic-naric.net)

6 7
 B U LG A R I A More information

Basic country information Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria (accredited to Malaysia)

Bulgaria is situated in the north-eastern part of the Balkan peninsula in southeast
Europe. The country, with a population of around 7.3 million, borders Romania,
Turkey, Greece, Serbia and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Its capital city is
Sofia and the official language is Bulgarian.
The higher education system
The countrys higher education system was restructured at the end of 1995, when the
National Assembly passed the Higher Education Law. The law introduced the following
multiple-level structure of academic qualifications:
Address: No. 34-36, Jalan Imam Bonjol, Menteng, 10310 Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tel: (+62-21) 390 4048 | Email: bgemb.jkt@centrin.net.id
University of St. Clement of Ochrid, Sofia (www.uni-sofia.bg)
University of National and World Economy, Sofia (www.unwe.acad.bg)
Paisi Hilendarski University, Plovdiv (www.uni-plovdiv.bg)
Saints Cyril and Methodius University, Veliko Tarnovo (www.uni-vt.bg)
Neophyte Rilski Southwestern University, Blagoevgrad (www.swu.bg)
Angel Kanchev University, Ruse (www.ru.acad.bg)
Thrace University, Stara Zagora (www.uni-sz.bg)

(1) 3-year education at institutes and colleges, on completion graduates receive

a higher-education certificate and a professional qualification;
(2) 4-year education at university leading to a Bachelors degree;
(3) 5 or 6-year course at university leading to a Masters degree;
(4) 3-year post-university training leading to a Doctorate.

Universities, specialised institutes and colleges are classified as higher education

institutions in Bulgaria. Higher education Institutions in Bulgaria are autonomous.
They are responsible for programme design and quality assurance of the education
provided.

Universities offer programmes for students wishing to pursue Bachelors, Masters

and Doctorate degrees. Specialised institutes primarily offer training in a single, core
field of knowledge and provide certification equivalent to a Bachelors degree.
Colleges in Bulgaria offer vocational training and skills in various occupations after
completion of secondary education.

Application and scholarships

Foreign nationals can apply to study at Bulgarian higher education institutions and
enroll provided that they pay 100% of the tuition fees. Tuition fee payment is waived
for students studying for a doctorate and for postgraduate students in various fields
accepted for a course of studies by a resolution of the Bulgarian Council of Ministers
or under relevant government agreements.

8 9
 C R O AT I A
Basic country information
Croatia is situated in South-Eastern Europe at the crossroads of the Adriatic Sea and
the Pannonian Plain.
Croatia borders with Hungary in the north, Slovenia in the north-west, Serbia in the
north-east, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the total length of the lower part of the
Croatias crescent shape, Montenegro in the extreme south, and Italy and Slovenia on
the Adriatic Sea.
Historical heritage, natural beauty and a pleasant climate make up the framework
which, together with high quality accommodation, gastronomic excellence and a rich
supply of activities and entertainment, enables Croatia to attract the modern-day
tourist and student.
Zagreb is the capital of Croatia and also the largest city in the country. It is situated in
the north-west of the country, along the Sava River with a population of almost one
million inhabitants. It is the political, economic, cultural and scientific centre of
Croatia.
The higher education system
In total, Croatia has 122 higher education institutions located in all parts of the
country - including a total of 36 on Croatias spectacular Adriatic coast. Croatias
largest university is the University of Zagreb with over 75,000 enrolled students -
making it the largest university in the region of South-Eastern Europe. Founded in
1669, it is also the oldest university in the region.
Today, Croatias higher education institutions are part of the European Higher Educa-
tion Area, having adapted their study programmes to the Bologna Process, thereby
making it easier for international students to study in Croatia and for Croatian
students to study abroad.
10
Croatia has a binary higher education system, meaning that prospective students can
choose between two types of higher education studies:
University studies consisting of academic programmes that are conducted solely
at universities;
Professional studies consisting of professional programmes conducted at
polytechnics or colleges of applied sciences (exceptionally, professional
programmes can also be implemented at universities).
Most Croatian universities are public institutions. However, private university educa-
tion has recently started to develop in Croatia with the establishment of three private
universities and numerous colleges of applied sciences.
Application and scholarships
For prospective students who speak Croatian (or are studying the language), a wide
variety of degree programmes or exchange programmes are available for studying at
higher education institutions throughout Croatia. Study opportunities are also
available to prospective students who do not speak Croatian. On the one hand, some
higher education institutions offer Croatian language courses as semester classes,
one-month courses or summer schools. On the other hand, some higher education
institutions offer specific courses in foreign languages (lasting one or two semesters)
and there are also some degree-programmes taught in English.
More information
Embassy of Croatia
Address: No.3 Jalan Mengkuang, 55000 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 4253 5340 | Email: croemb.kuala-lumpur@mvpei.hr
Study in Croatia (http://www.studyincroatia.hr/)
Degree programmes taught in English and other languages
(http://www.studyincroatia.hr/studying-in-croatia/institutions-and-pro
grammes/teaching-language)
11
 CYPRUS
Basic country information
Cyprus is a beautiful island in the north-eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea, at the
crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa. Throughout the centuries, Cyprus has been a
meeting place of civilizations and cultures. Cyprus is the third largest island in the
Mediterranean with a population of approximately 700,000. The capital is Nicosia.
The island has superb mountain scenery, forests, fascinating coastlines and beaches,
and a rich historical and archaeological heritage bearing witness to its long and
diverse history. Cyprus enjoys a wonderful Mediterranean climate with long dry
summers from mid-May to mid-October and abundant sunshine throughout the
year. The official languages of Cyprus are Greek and Turkish, but English is widely
spoken. English is also the language of instruction in the Private Institutions of Tertia-
ry Education for the vast majority of their programmes of study.
The higher education system
At present, there are 3 public universities (University of Cyprus, Open University of
Cyprus and Cyprus University of Technology) and 4 private universities (European
University, Frederick University, University of Nicosia and Neapolis University). There
are also a number of public and private institutions of tertiary education which offer
programmes of study in specific technical professional fields which lead to a Higher
or Postgraduate Diploma including the Cyprus International Institute of Management
(CIIM) which offers highly international accredited MBA and DBA degrees.
12
Application and scholarships
The government of Cyprus grants two types of scholarships for foreign students:
(1) Scholarships for short specialized courses (2 8 weeks);
(2) Scholarships for postgraduate Management Diploma Programme (11 months) at
the Mediterranean Institute for Management and Master in Business Admistration
(1 year) at the Cyprus International Institute of Management.
You may also apply for scholarships offered by specific higher education institutions
of Cyprus (full list available at www.mfa.gov.cy under Overseas Cypriots ->
Educational Institutions).
More information
High Commission of the Republic of Cyprus (accredited to Malaysia)
Address: 67 Jor Bagh, 110 003 New Delhi
Tel: (+91-11) 2469 7503 | Email: delhihic@mfa.gov.cy
Cyprus Higher Education (www.highereducation.ac.cy)
13
 CZECH REPUBLIC More information

Basic country information Embassy of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is situated in central Europe. It is historically divided into three
regions: Bohemia, Moravia, and a part of Silesia. The country borders Poland, Austria,
Germany and Slovakia, and is surrounded by extensive mountain ranges. The capital
city is Prague. As a landlocked country, it has a moderate climate with four seasons.
The official language is Czech.
The higher education system
Address: 42/B, The Intermark Vista Tower, 182 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 2166 2900 | Email: kualalumpur@embassy.mzv.cz
Website: www.mzv.cz/kualalumpur
Study in the Czech Republic (www.studyin.cz)
Centre for Higher Education Studies (www.csvs.cz)
Institute of Language and Foundations Studies (www.ujop.cuni.cz)
House for International Services of the Ministry of Education, Youth and
Sports (www.dzs.cz)

The Czech higher education system has a long tradition of over 600 years. Established
in 1348, the Charles University in Prague is the oldest academic institution in central
Europe. Presently, there are 74 higher education institutions comprising of 26 public,
2 state and 46 private institutions.

The higher education system is organised into three levels: Bachelors, Masters and
Doctoral degree programmes. The academic year starts in September and is made up
of two semesters. The main tuition language is Czech, however the range of
programmes delivered in English is expanding to cater for international students.

Application and scholarships

Higher education at public and state institutions is free of charge for citizens of all
nationalities with the following exceptions:

(1) fees for administration of admission proceedings;

(2) fees for extending the duration of study beyond a set limit;
(3) fees for the study of an additional programme to the original studied;
(4) fees for study in a foreign language (including English).

Private institutions charge all students regular tuition fees between USD$2,000
USD$15,000 per year.

Scholarships are available for foreign students from the Ministry of Education, Youth
and Sports (http://www.msmt.cz/international-cooperation-1/scholarships). The
South Moravian Centre for International Mobility (www.jcmm.cz/en/for-foreign-uni-
versity-students.html) also provides one-year start-up scholarships for foreign
students keen to pursue a university degree in the South Moravian region.

14 15
 DENMARK
Basic country information
Denmark is located in northern Europe and is part of Scandinavia. An island kingdom,
it consists of the Jutland peninsula, the larger islands of Zealand, Funen, Lolland and
some 480 other islands between the North and Baltic seas. A modern infrastructure
and an effective welfare system allow citizens high standards of living.
A clean environment is important to the Danes. As a result, most prefer to ride their
bike. Almost everyone has one and uses it daily. In cities, small towns and the country-
side, it is easy enough for people cycle to work or school as there are special cycle
paths in all urban areas. Owing to its location and geography, Denmark has a relative-
ly mild climate and outdoor activities are possible most of the year.
While Danish is the official language of Denmark, most Danes speak excellent English
and many understand German. Nevertheless, being able to speak some Danish will
benefit you both socially and if you want to look for a job. As an employee or student
in Denmark, you have the opportunity to take Danish language lessons free of cost.
More information is available at www.dedanskesprogcentre.dk.
16
The higher education system
Danish higher education institutions offer a range of opportunities for international
students. All programmes are internationally recognised and of the highest quality.
More than 500 degrees programmes and 1000 courses are taught in English. As an
international student you can choose between several types of programmes taught
entirely in English:
(1) Degree programmes;
(2) Exchange programmes;
(3) Short-term programmes and summer schools;
(4) PhD
You can also choose between three types of Danish educational institutions: Universi-
ties, University Colleges (Professionshjskoler) and Academies of Professional Higher
Education (Erhvervsakademier). For more information on study programmes, visit
http://studyindenmark.dk/study-in-denmark/study-options.
Application and scholarships
Higher education in Denmark is free for students from the EU/EEA and Switzerland.
Similarly, if you are participating in an exchange programme your studies in Denmark
are free. Annual tuition fees for full-time degree students range from 6,000 to
16,000.
Danish higher education institutions receive a limited number of government
scholarships each year to fund highly qualified full-degree students from non-EU/EEA
countries and Switzerland. As these scholarships are administered by the individual
higher education institution, further details can be obtained from the institution of
your choice. The Danish government scholarship is however not applicable for those
seeking admission to a university level institution of arts, design and architecture.
More information
Embassy of Denmark
Address: Wisma Denmark, Sunway Tower, 22nd Floor, 86 Jalan Ampang, 50450
Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 2032 2001 | Email: kulamb@um.dk
Website: http://malaysia.um.dk/
Study in Denmark (http://studyindenmark.dk/)
The Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education (http://en.fivu.dk/)
17
 ESTONIA
Basic country information

Estonia is the smallest of the three Baltic countries. Situated on the north-eastern
coast of the Baltic Sea, Estonia borders Latvia in the south and Russia in the east. It has
strong cultural and linguistic ties with Finland. The capital of the country is Tallinn,
which is also the second largest city and a historic university town. The official
language is Estonian.

The higher education system

In Estonia, the higher education system consists of two branches academic and
applied (rakenduskrgharidus). The academic branch of Estonian higher education
follows the Bachelors-Masters-Doctoral model provided by universities. Applied
higher education is provided at vocational schools, and is aimed at providing skills
and knowledge required to work in a certain profession or continue studies at a
Masters level.

The language of instruction and course work is usually in Estonian. However, an

increasing number of courses and study programmes are offered in English and
Russian.

Application and scholarships

The Archimedes Foundation (www.archimedes.ee) is responsible for technical coordi-

nation of scholarships offered by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research to
foreign students and researchers. The foundation participates in the selection process
of the candidates, distributes information about scholarship opportunities and
provides consultations for interested students.

More information

Ministry of Education and Research (www.hm.ee)

Website for foreign students (www.smartestonia.ee)
The Estonian Institute (www.einst.ee)
Estonian Science Foundation (www.etf.ee)

18 19
 FINLAND Grants for foreign students in Finland are also provided by the National Union of
Finnish Students (www.syl.fi/english/study), Finnish Academy (www.aka.fi/eng) and
Basic country information Finnish Cultural Foundation (www.skr.fi/english/grants.html).

Finland is situated in northern Europe and has over 55,000 lakes and vast forests. The More information
capital is Helsinki and the total population is 5.4 million. The principal ethnic majority
are Finns, who account for 94% of the population. Other ethnic minorities include the Embassy of Finland
Swedish Finns and the Lapps. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish. Finland Address: 5th Floor, Wisma Chinese Chamber, 258 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala
is a welfare state where equality is the essential driving force of society. For an interna- Lumpur
tional student Finland is both an exotic and a safe target country. Tel: (+603) 4257 7746 | Email: sanomat.kul@formin.fi
Website: www.finland.org.my
The higher education system Study in Finland (www.studyinfinland.fi)

The Finnish higher education system consists of two complementary sectors: univer-
sities and polytechnics. These higher educational institutions have developed
hundreds of English-language study programmes to attract international exchange.
Finnish universities provide academic education based on research. There are 14
universities in Finland. They all offer undergraduate degrees: Bachelors (3 years) and
Masters (2 years) degrees and postgraduate degrees: Licentiate (pre-doctoral degree;
2 years) and doctoral degree (4 years).

Polytechnics are multi-field regional institutions focusing on practice-oriented higher

education. There are 25 polytechnics in Finland. The programmes provided include:
humanities and education, culture, social sciences, business and administration,
natural sciences, technology, communication and transport, Natural resources and
the environment, social services, health and sport, tourism, catering and domestic
services. Polytechnics confer Bachelors degrees (3.5 4 years) and Masters degrees
(1-1.5 years) with a professional emphasis. A student is eligible for Masters level
studies after completing a Bachelors degree, and having acquired at least three years
of relevant work experience after obtaining the degree.

Application and scholarships

The Centre for International Mobility (www.cimo.fi), operating under the Finnish
Ministry of Education, offers information about studying in Finland (www.studyinfin-
land.fi). In addition, CIMO promotes teaching of the Finnish language and culture,
and arranges summer courses in the language for international students. Scholar-
ships and research fellowships that are administered by CIMO are mostly targeted for
postgraduate students who have completed their Master-level studies.

20 21
 FRANCE
Basic country information
France is the world's sixth-largest economy and is also the fourth most popular
destination for international students, with 278,000 international students, including
25,000 doctoral candidates.
The quality of French higher education is widely recognized throughout the world.
French institutions figure prominently in the Shanghai Classification of Universities, in
the rankings of the Financial Times and Times Higher, and in the European Report on
Science and Technologies published by the European Commission.
France is one of the world's most dynamic centres of innovation and research,
especially in manufacturing, technology, and science: aerospace, transportation,
electronics, telecommunications, chemistry, biotechnology, health and mathematics.
Scientific research is a top priority: France devotes 2.24% of its GDP to research and
development. That effort has put France in the sixth place in international patent
applications.
22
Higher education programmes are grounded in accredited research laboratories, and
some of the 35 French Scientific Nobel Prizes winners and 11 Fields medallists still
teach in public universities or Grandes Ecoles. The establishment of a new network of
research and higher education clusters reaffirms the countrys determination to
maintain its high profile as a knowledge economy.
The higher education system
The main specificity of the French higher education system is the dual education
system, which combines apprenticeship and formal education. This system applies to
83 universities and almost 400 Grandes Ecoles, or Great Schools. Unique to France,
the system of Grandes Ecoles was set up in parallel with the university system at the
beginning of the 19th century. The Grandes Ecoles offer top-quality education orient-
ed toward practical problems. Grandes Ecoles offer Engineering and Management
courses, while universities offer programs in all disciplines sciences, technology,
literature, language, arts and social sciences, law, economics, business, health and
medical, and physical education.
The system of degrees awarded in French higher education reflects a common basis
in Europe. The LMD system for Licence (Bachelors), Masters, and Doctorate is
based on the number of semesters completed after leaving secondary school and
their equivalent in European credits under the European Credit Transfer System
(ECTS). In France, a Bachelors degree is usually completed after 3 years; Masters
degree, after 5 years; and Doctorate, after 8 years.
To access French higher education, Malaysian students must have completed second-
ary school and received the equivalent to the French Baccalaurat, corresponding to
STPM, A-Level, Matriculation or UEC.
Application and scholarships
There are different ways to enrol in a French higher education institution, depending
on the students educational plans and type of institution private or public.
To apply for masters and PhD programme, applicants have to contact the institution
directly. To apply for the first or second year of a Bachelors programme offered by a
public university, applicants have to complete an application for preliminary admis-
sion and send it to the Malaysia France University Centre (form available online,
deadline for submissions is fixed in January, each year). To apply for programmes
offered by private schools, applicants have to contact directly the school.
23
 France remains committed to its long-standing policy of equal treatment for domes- More information
tic and international students. Tuition fees at public French universities are identical
for all students. In 2012, for programmes leading to national diplomas in universities Malaysia-France University Centre / Campus France
and public Grandes Ecoles, the tuition fees did not exceed 600 for one academic 144-02, 2nd Floor, Patent House, Jalan Bukit Bintang, 55100 Kuala Lumpur.
year: 181 for bachelor programs, 250 for masters programs, 380 for doctoral Tel. (+603) 2142 7475 | Email info@mfuc.org
programs. All students, regardless of origin, enjoy the same benefits (compulsory Website www.mfuc.org
health coverage - 211 per year, housing assistance). The actual cost of studies, Campus France (www.campusfrance.org)
around 12,000 per student and per academic year, is mainly borne by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (www.enseignementsup-recher
government. che.gouv.fr)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.diplomatie.gouv.fr)
French Scholarships

Each year the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs offers two types of grants: scholar-
ships awarded by French embassies abroad (study grants or travel grants for scholars)
and Eiffel excellence grants (master and PhD students). In Malaysia, scholarships
awarded by the French embassy are mainly dedicated to PhD students.

Local authorities (regional councils or city councils) could also award grants to interna-
tional students and scholars enrolled in institutions settled in their jurisdiction.

Some institutions, such as INSA Lyon or Sciences-Po Paris, also offer scholarships to
their international students.

Malaysian Governments scholarships for foundation programmes to French

higher education institutions

The Malaysian Government also offers scholarships to Malaysian students to further

their studies in France. These scholarships are mainly offered by JPA and MARA to SPM
leavers and students who would like to further a Master or a PhD in France, especially
for engineering studies.

SPM leavers have to apply for these scholarships within the weeks immediately after
the release of SPM results, directly to sponsors. If they are selected, students will
either join a specific program called SFERE programme (JPA scholarship) or
Pr-France programme (JPA and MARA scholarships). Selection process usually takes
place from March to July.

24 25
 GERMANY
Basic country information
The Federal Republic of Germany lies in the heart of Europe and is a cosmopolitan,
democratic country with a great tradition and a lively present. Germanys economy is
the fourth largest in the world; products Made in Germany such as cars, chemicals,
engineering products, environmental technology are famous for their quality and
innovation. Germany offers one of the worlds best research and education landscapes,
has a strong creative economy and a dynamic cultural scene. The country is the Europe-
an Unions most populous nation with 80.3 million inhabitants.
The higher education system
In Germany, great significance is attached to education and research. All over the world
German universities enjoy an excellent reputation and degrees from Germany carry
great prestige. There are about 380 institutions of higher education in Germany.
265,000 international students (about 11% of the tertiary students in total) have select-
ed German universities as their best choice, many of them from Southeast Asia.
Higher Education Institutions in Germany can be classified into three types:
(1) Universities (Universitten), for research-oriented study;
(2) Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen), for practice-oriented study;
(3) Universities of Art/Music (Kunst-und Musikhochschulen).
Higher Education Institutions are either state or state-recognised institutions. They
offer more than 16,000 degree programmes to choose from, among them about 1,100
international degree courses taught in English. Studies are tuition-free at most public
German universities.
The following programmes are offered:
Bachelors (Undergraduate)
The Bachelors degree is awarded after 3 to
4 years. This degree programme requires
the preparation of a thesis (mixed mode).
Holders are eligible for further study
towards a Master degree.
Masters (Postgraduate)
The Masters degree is a higher education qualification awarded after 1.5 to 2 years of
studies after the Bachelors degree. The Masters degree requires a final thesis (mixed
mode). The total duration of the course of study (both Bachelors and Masters) is no less
than five years.
26
Doctorate
Universities and some Universities of Art/Music may grant doctorates. A prerequisite
for admission is a qualified Masters or an equivalent degree. Admission further
requires the acceptance of the proposed PhD-research project by a professor as a
supervisor.
Application and scholarships
Most degree courses in Germany are conducted in the German language. For these
courses, you need a high level of proficiency in German. The more than 1.100 interna-
tional degree programmes on offer which are conducted entirely or partly in English
often require no German at all. Most undergraduate degree courses expect you to have
some knowledge of German. Learning German is recommended in any case and is a
valuable asset in Malaysia which is home to some 400 German companies.
Studying in Germany is an inexpensive option compared to most other popular study
destinations, as public German universities receive substantial public funding. As a result,
they charge no or only moderate tuition fees. Students need about 670 per month to
cover their living expenses. International students are allowed to work up to 120 days a
year. After graduating from a German university, foreign students are invited to stay in
Germany for up to 18 months to look for a job which is in keeping with their qualification.
Start your search for study courses in Germany at www.study-in.de. You may also find
comprehensive information on all aspects relevant to studying in Germany at
www.daad.de. Information on PhD in Germany is available at www.daad.de/promotion.
Many organisations offer scholarships for study and research in Germany, the most
important of them being the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) and the
Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation. You may find a database on scholarship offers
by German organisations at www.funding-guide.de.
More information
DAAD Information Center Kuala Lumpur
Address: German Business Center, Menara Ambank, No. 8 Jalan Yap Kwan Seng,
50450 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel : (+603) 9235 1841 | Email: info@daadkl.org
Website : http://ic.daad.de/kualalumpur
German Embassy Kuala Lumpur: Culture and Education (http://www.kuala-lum
pur.diplo.de/Vertretung/kualalumpur/en/06/Kultur.html )
Facts about Germany (http://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/en)
27
 GREECE
Basic country information
Greece is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula in South East Europe, its
territory also includes several hundred islands in the Ionian and Aegean Sea. Around
20% of the total land area is comprised of islands. Mountains and hills dominate the
landscape. The capital of the country is Athens. Greece has a population of 10.7 million.
The official language is Greek with 98% of the population speaking it, although English
and French are also widely understood.
The higher education system
Greece has 18 university institutions (AEI) and 14 institutions of technological educa-
tion (TEI). There are also military academies. The diplomas awarded by certain private
post-secondary education institutions are not recognised by the State.
Undergraduate studies (Proptychiakes Spoudes): Normally lasts four years and lead to
a Bachelors (Ptychio) degree.
28
Postgraduate studies (Metaptychiakes Spoudes): The first level of postgraduate studies
lasts a minimum of two years and leads to a postgraduate diploma of specialisation
(equivalent to a Masters degree). This study program may also be taken and completed
in a University or research institute outside Greece. The degree, however, is awarded in
Greece.
Doctoral studies (Didaktorikes Metaptychiakes Spoudes): The doctoral degree takes at
least three years of study and is conferred after public defense of a thesis. The research
must be original and show advances in research and science. A Masters degree is
required by most universities for doctoral studies applications.
Application and scholarships
Every year, several Greek Governmental Institutions offer various scholarships to
international students. The Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.mfa.gr) offers
several scholarships to Asian nationals for Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral studies in
Greek universities. The Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs
(www.ypepth.gr) offers scholarships for postgraduate studies, Greek language studies
and three month grants for post-doctoral research. The State Scholarships Foundation
(www.iky.gr) also provides scholarships for up to one year for language, postgraduate
and doctoral studies.
The non-governmental Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (www.onas-
sis.gr) also offers several scholarships a year for a 6- or 12- month internship stay in
Greece for students pursuing their doctoral studies
More information
Embassy of the Hellenic Republic (accredited to Malaysia)
Address: Plaza 89, 12th Floor, No. 6 Jln Rasuna Said X-7, Kuningan, 12940 Jakarta,
Indonesia.
Tel: (+62-21) 520 7776 | Email: grembas@cbn.net.id
Website: www.greekembassy.or.id
29
 HUNGARY
Basic country information

Hungary is one of the oldest states in Central Europe. A relatively small country by size
and population (about 10 million inhabitants), Hungary has made great contributions
to European culture in arts and sciences during its 1010 years of existence. Since its
transformation to democracy and the establishment of a market economy in 1989,
the country once again boasts a dynamic economic, scientific and cultural life.

Hungarys capital, Budapest, is said to be one of the most beautiful European cities.
Hungary is rich in thermal baths and spas, as well as cultural and natural resources,
including numerous World Heritage Sites and UNESCO Biosphere reserves.

The higher education system

The Hungarian higher education system has a long history. The first Hungarian
university was founded in Pcs in Southern Hungary over 600 years ago, in 1367.
Hungarian higher education institutions are autonomous, state or non-state (private
and religious) institutions recognised by the state. There are 71 higher education
institutions in Hungary (18 state universities, 12 state colleges, 7 non-state universi-
Application and scholarships
ties and 34 non-state colleges).

Applicants can apply for scholarships through the Hungarian Scholarship Board
Hungary has been taking part in the Bologna Process since 1999 and practices a
(www.scholarship.hu) through the scholarship pool system.
three-cycle degree system as follows:

More information
(1) First degree programmes (3-4 years) leading to Bachelors degrees;
(2) Second degree programmes (1-2 years) leading to Masters degrees Unified or
Embassy of Hungary (accredited to Malaysia)
long-term Masters programmes (5-6 years) are also offered in some fields of study;
Address: Jalan Rasuna Said X/3, Kuningan, 12950 Jakarta, Indonesia.
(3) Doctoral degree programmes (minimum 3 years) leading to a PhD degree upon
Tel: (+62-21) 520 3459 | Email: mission.jkt@kum.ht
successful defence of a PhD thesis
Website: mission.jkt@mfa.gov.hu
In addition to the degree programmes described above, higher education institu-
For education related enquiries, please contact Ms Eva Sipos, Press and Cultural
tions offer non-degree programmes too, such as higher-level vocational trainings,
Attach (mission.jkt@mfa.gov.hu)
postgraduate specialist training courses as well as summer universities and partial
trainings in the framework of lifelong learning. Higher education programmes may
Study Hungary (http://www.studyhungary.hu/)
be offered in full-time training, part-time training or distance learning courses.

30 31
 IRELAND
Basic country information
Ireland is situated on the Western Seaboard of Europe. Ireland is a vibrant and thriving
European country, which gained independence from the UK in 1922. The population
is approximately 4.2million, which includes a sizeable multiethnic populace. Ireland
enjoys a temperate climate influenced by the relatively warm waters of the Gulf
Stream. As an active member of the European Union, the currency in Ireland is the
Euro. Although Ireland has its own distinctive Celtic language and culture, English is
the spoken language in Ireland today. With 36% of the population under the age of
25, Ireland is one of the most exciting places in the English-speaking world to be a
student.
Irish higher education institutions and qualifications are recognised worldwide for
excellence, delivering world-class innovative learning in all disciplines. Malaysian
students have long been aware that Ireland is a top destination for overseas studies
with the education links between Malaysia and Ireland stretching back over 65 years.
Irelands Graduates are innovators in their fields, leaders in their communities and
ambassadors for excellence all around the world. Companies that require a skilled,
educated and highly capable workforce to drive their success choose to locate in
Ireland. Almost 1,000 companies including some of the worlds best known brands
such as Google, E-Bay, Facebook, LinkedIn, Pfizer and Apple have chosen Ireland as
the hub of their European networks.
Why IRELAND
Ireland is the 6th safest country in the world (Global Peace Index 2012)
Internationally Recognised qualifications and extensive choice
An English Speaking Country
Over 32,000 International students
Irish universities are ranked in top 5% in the world
Dublin was listed as one of the top 10 cities in the world to be a student (QS Survey
2013)
The International Student Barometer Survey 2012 ranked Ireland in the top 10
most attractive study destinations in the world
The higher education system
The higher education system in Ireland is broad in scope and encompasses the
university sector, the technological sector, the colleges of education, and private
independent colleges.
32
The following academic awards can be achieved at Irish Higher Education Institutions:
Higher Certificate: Two year full-time course
Ordinary Bachelors Degree: Three year full time course
Honours Bachelors Degree: Normally a three or four year course
Graduate Diploma: Designed for graduates seeking a vocational reorientation -
usually a one year course.
Masters degree: Either by research or through a taught programme. Normally
one-two year(s) duration.
Doctorate (PhD): Usually takes a minimum of three years of original research.
Doctorates are usually awarded pass or fail, with distinctions in rare cases.
Application and scholarships
Malaysian students do not need a visa to study in Ireland. On arrival in Ireland they are
required to register and permitted to work part-time during term time and full-time
during the holiday period.
A small number of scholarships for overseas students are available from the universi-
ties and colleges in Ireland. These are awarded at the discretion of the individual
institutions that set down their own criteria for eligibility. Students are advised to
contact the institution of their choice directly, to obtain information.
More information
Education in Ireland Representative Office
Address: Embassy of Ireland, 5.01 South Block,
The Amp Walk, 218 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur.
Email: highereducation.ireland@gmail.com
Education in Ireland (www.educationireland.com)
33
 I TA LY
Basic country information
Italy is situated on the West Southern border of Europe; the peninsula, along with its
surrounding islands, stretches out southwards almost to the coasts of North Africa,
while eastwards it faces the Slav-Balkan territories.
Because of its geographical position, Italy has direct contacts with the main ethnic
and cultural areas of old Europe (neo-Latin, Germanic, and Slav-Balkan areas) as well
as, through North-African countries, with the world of Arab-Islamic civilization. Italy
can also be considered a natural link to those African and Asian countries which,
bordering as they do on the same Mediterranean Sea, have shared historical events
and cultural influences over many centuries. Italian culture is deeply rooted in the
ancient Greek and Roman civilizations which flourished on the peninsula for over a
millennium and left their imprint everywhere in the country in so many works of art,
legal system and traditions.
Today Italy ranks among the 8 most industrialized countries in the world. Alongside
some big companies, both state-owned and private, it has developed a sound
network of small and medium-sized enterprises, promoted a few scientific parks, and
is stimulating basic and applied research in a great variety of fields (Biology, ICT,
Medicine, Physics, etc.).
The higher education system
Italian higher education is structured in a binary system, consisting of two main
articulations:
(1) the university sector;
(2) the non-university sector.
At present, the university sector is made up of 89 University Institutions which include
58 state universities, 17 non-state universities, 2 universities for foreigners, 6 higher
schools specialized in postgraduate university studies and 6 telematic universities.
Italian universities are now also offering Bachelors and Masters courses in English.
The non-university sector includes 4 education typologies with their institutions:
(1) Higher Schools of design: Polytechnics for the Arts, Academies of Fine Arts, Higher
Institutes for Applied Arts, Music Conservatories and recognized Music Institutes,
Higher Institutes for Musical and Choreographic studies, National Academies;
(2) higher education in language mediation: Higher Schools for language mediators;
(3) higher integrated education (FIS): programmes of higher technical education &
training (IFTS);
34
(4) a few specific fields (e.g. archiving, diplomatics, restoration, military studies, etc.)
which, along with their respective institutions, fall under the supervision of
Ministries other than that of Education.
Application and scholarships
The average fee a student has to pay is somewhere between 850 Euro and 1,000 Euro
per year since this varies from one university to another and also depends on the
chosen course of study. Private universities are much more expensive. Admission to
Master Universitari and other Specialization courses also have much higher fees.
Doctoral students who receive a grant from the university do not pay fees, but non-
grant holders are required to pay the fees, which will vary again according to the
university chosen.
All International students are entitled to the same student assistance services as
Italian students, on the basis of the same requisites of financial means and/or merit.
This applies to scholarships, student loans, housing assistance, canteen meal tickets
and fee waivers. These services are managed by the DSU Office (Diritto allo Studio
Universitario). You should contact the office at the university where you plan to study
to find out what services are available to you.
Non EU Citizens are required to apply for a study visa prior to leaving. Applications
should be made at your nearest Italian Embassy. Always start these procedures well in
advance of your planned visit to Italy.
More information
Embassy of Italy
Address: 99 Jalan U-Thant, 55000 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: (+603) 4256 5122 | Email: segreteria.kualalumpur@esteri.it
Website: http://www.ambkualalumpur.esteri.it
* For education related enquiries, please
contact Ms Milena Ciroli, Cultural Officer
(culturale.kualalumpur@esteri.it)
Study in Italy
(http://www.study-in-italy.it/index.html)
35
 L AT V I A
Basic country information

Latvia is a comparatively small country in north-eastern Europe, on the east coast of

the Baltic Sea and is bordered by Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania and Russia. It is situated
on a trade crossroads and has long served as a bridge between Western Europe and
Russia. Nearly one third of the 2.3 million population live in Riga, the capital of the
country. Latvias landscape is marked by lowland plains and rolling hills. It has an
extensive network of rivers, thousands of lakes and hundreds of kilometres of
undeveloped seashore lined by pine forests, dunes and continuous white sand
beaches. The official language is Latvian, however, English, Russian and German are
also widely used.

The higher education system

There are six state-run universities and a number of other higher education institu-
tions in Latvia. All the recognised institutions enjoy autonomy. The system of higher
education is binary. Most universities and other institutions of higher education offer
both academic and professional programmes. Academic higher education
programmes are based on fundamental and/or applied science; they lead to a Bache-
lors degree and Masters degree. A Bachelors degree is awarded after 3-4 years while
a Masters degree lasts 1-2 years. Doctoral programmes have a length of 3-4 years.

Application and scholarships

The Latvian higher education system is open to international students. The Ministry
of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia (www.izm.gov.lv) offers scholar-
ships to students and teaching staff of selected countries for studies and research
work in state higher education institutions, as well as for participation in summer
schools. However, at present, no scholarships are available for Malaysian students.

More information

Latvian Academic Information Centre (www.aic.lv/portal/en)

Higher Education Quality Evaluation Centre (www.aiknc.lv/en/index.php)

36 37
 LITHUANIA
Basic country information
Lithuania is the largest of the three Baltic States. It is bound by the Baltic Sea, Poland
and the Kaliningrad region of Russia and Belarus. The 3.5 million population comprises
of 87% ethnic Lithuanians, 6.31% ethnic Russians and 6.74% ethnic Poles. The capital
of the country is Vilnius and the official language is Lithuanian.
From cities and towns full of historic monuments to wonderful retreats in a pristine
natural environment, Lithuania has places to go and see for everyone. Officially
recognised as the geographical centre of Europe, Lithuania is well connected by
numerous routes to major European cities.
The Ministry of Education and Science of Lithuania offers scholarships for Lithuanian
and Baltic studies at the higher education institutions. The scholarships are granted
for either one or two semesters (up to 10 months). The Ministry also offers scholar-
ships for Lithuanian language and culture summer courses (3-4 weeks). For more
information, see: www.smm.lt/en/am/index.htm
More information
Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania (accredited to Malaysia)
Address: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Lithuania, J.Tumo Vaizganto 2, LT-01511 Vilnius,
Lithuania
Tel: (+370-5) 2362 495 | Email: dainius.voveris@urm.it

The higher education system

In Lithuania, higher education institutions provide study programmes of varying

duration and levels. The institutions are of two types:
(1) Universities and colleges offer Bachelors degrees (Bakalauras), Masters or
specialised studies (Magistras), Doctoral programmes (Doktorantura),
postgraduate art studies (Meno aspirantura), residencies (Rezidentura) and
research opportunities. In particular Kaunas University of Medicine offers
specialised medical and orthodontist courses which have been submitted to the
Malaysian Public Service Department (JPA) for approval;
(2) Non-university institutions offer applied research and professional arts
programmes.

Application and scholarships

Any international student interested in receiving higher education in Lithuania

should show sufficient knowledge of colloquial and written Lithuanian. Applicants
for most programmes are required to complete a language test developed by Vilnius
University (www.flf.vu.lt). However, some programmes are also run in English,
German, French and Russian. More details can be found at www.aikos.smm.lt.

International students must also have a certificate of education acknowledged by

Lithuania. The Lithuanian Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education
(www.skvc.lt) carries out special procedures to evaluate certificates and professional
credentials.

38 39
 LU X E M B O U R G
Basic country information
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a landlocked country in Western Europe border-
ing Germany, Belgium and France. About 44% of its 537,000 inhabitants are foreign.
There are also some 157,000 cross-border workers commuting daily from its neigh-
bouring countries. This multicultural ambience gives the small state an astonishingly
cosmopolitan outlook not least thanks to the European Institutions and the Finan-
cial Centre.
Since 1994, the city of Luxembourg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The citys topog-
raphy is characterised by green river valleys that can be crossed by over a hundred
bridges, providing links between the historic and modern parts of the city. As for the
countryside, it offers a magnificent landscape thanks to the Mllerthal region and the
valley of the Moselle river.
The national and everyday spoken language is Ltzebuergesch. French and German
are also official languages commonly spoken and mainly used in the press and for
administrative purposes, whilst the use of English is widely spread. The Grand Duchy
of Luxembourg is a hereditary constitutional monarchy.
40
The higher education system
The University of Luxembourg (www.uni.lu), created in 2003, comprises nearly all the
former existing institutions of higher education in Luxembourg. Programmes at the
university are organised in compliance with the Europe-wide Bologna agreements
and is structured according to Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degree programmes.
Currently, the university has three faculties and two interdisciplinary centres:
(1) Law, Economics and Finance;
(2) Sciences, Technology and Communication;
(3) Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education;
(4) Interdisciplinary Centre in Security, Reliability and Trust;
(5) Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine.
The non-university sector consists of two years training at the further education
colleges in a limited number of vocational areas leading to a high technicians
diploma (Brevet de Technicien Suprieur).
Application and scholarships
The Centre for Educational Guidance and Counselling (www.cedies.lu) provides
prospective students with information about higher education courses and practical
information about student life in Luxembourg. Details of courses and possible
scholarships can be obtained by approaching higher education institutions directly.
More information
Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (accredited to Malaysia)
Address: Q House Lumpini, 17th Floor, 1 South Sathorn Road, Tungmahamek,
Sathorn, 10120 Bangkok, Thailand.
Tel: (+66-0) 2677 7360 | Email: bangkok.amb@mae.etat.lu
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.mae.lu)
Ministry of National Education and Vocational Training (www.men.lu)
Ministry of Higher Education and Research (www.mesr.public.lu)
41
 M A LTA Application and scholarships

Basic country information
The Maltese archipelago consists of three islands: Malta, Gozo, and Comino. Located
in the Mediterranean Sea, just 93km south of Sicily, the archipelago has a population
of 0.4 million. The capital Valletta, located on the largest island Malta, is the cultural,
administrative and commercial centre of the archipelago. The official languages are
Maltese and English. Malta's hot, dry summers and mild winters provide an ideal
climate year-round. The country's beaches and historic attractions are a major
drawing point for visitors.
The higher education system
Higher education is mainly provided by the University of Malta and almost all courses
are conducted in English. The higher education system is divided into three stages:
The higher education system of Malta is open to international students. However, at
present, no scholarships are available. The International Office of the University of
Malta (www.um.edu.mt/intoff ) provides information and services regarding course
requirements, application procedures, accommodation, immigration, financial
matters, and health issues.
More information
Department of Information of Malta
(www.doi.gov.mt/en/ministries_and_departments/default.asp)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (www.foreign.gov.mt)
Ministry of Education (www.education.gov.mt/default.asp)

(1) University level first stage certificates, diplomas and Bachelors degrees are
awarded in such fields as nursing, diplomatic studies, management, administra-
tion, law, librarian science, religious studies, arts, political and social sciences.
Course duration ranges from one to five years, depending on the type of degree
and field of study. The degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery (MD) and
Bachelor of Dental Surgery are approved by the Malaysian Public Service Depart-
ment (JPA);

(2) University level second stage leads to a Masters degree after a period of one to
two years. Candidates must hold an appropriate first degree with at least
second-class Honours. In special circumstances, candidates without an Honours
degree may be admitted after taking a one-year preparatory course and success-
fully passing a qualifying examination. Masters degree courses require candi-
dates to submit a dissertation in addition to successfully completing the required
courses;

(3) Doctorates degrees Various doctorate degrees are offered including: Doctor of
Law (LLD) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees which are awarded after at
least 3 years of study following the award of an undergraduate or Masters
degree. PhD and LLD candidates are required to submit a thesis after a period of
research.

42 43
 THE NETHERLANDS Application and scholarships

Basic country information
The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of the Netherlands itself and the six islands
of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It is a constitutional
monarchy with a bicameral parliament and universal suffrage based on a system of
proportional representation. The countrys name in Dutch, means low country and
refers to the fact that much of the land is at or below sea level. The Netherlands is
often called Holland, and is situated in the west of Europe and borders Germany,
Belgium and the North Sea. What strikes people most when they first arrive in the
Netherlands is the landscape: the country is extremely flat. Moreover, there is water
everywhere, in the form of lakes, rivers and canals. The Netherlands is home to over
16 million people.
Education in the Netherlands is not free, but tuition fees are reasonable compared to
other countries. Annual tuition fees for enrolment in a degree programme or course
at a Dutch higher education institution are approximately 8,000 for non-EU
students. These fees may vary depending on the institution and course selected.
Higher education institutions offer a number of different scholarships for internation-
al students who wish to study in the Netherlands. Please contact the Dutch embassy
or your higher education institution for more details.
NUFFICs online grant finder (www.grantfinder.nl) is another good source for Malay-
sian students seeking suitable scholarships.

Although Dutch is the national language, the majority of the population also speaks
English and very often another foreign language, such as German or French.

The higher education system

The education system is known for its high quality in education and research and its
international study environment. In addition, with more than 1,500 international
study programmes and courses it has the largest offer of continental Europe.

The Netherlands has two main types of higher education institutions: research
universities and universities of applied sciences. Research universities (www.vsnu.nl)
focus on the independent practice of research-oriented work in an academic or
professional setting. Universities of applied sciences (hogescholen;
www.hbo-raad.nl) offer professional programmes in the applied arts and sciences
that prepare students for specific careers. A third, smaller branch of higher education
is provided by institutes for international education (www.pieonline.nl), which offer
programmes designed especially for international students. There are 14 govern- More information
ment-funded research universities, 41 universities of applied sciences and 5 large
International Education institutes. Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Address: Suite 7.01, 7th Floor, South block, AmpWalk, 218 Jalan Ampang,
Higher education in the Netherlands is organised around a three-cycle degree 50450 Kuala Lumpur.
system, consisting of Bachelors, Masters and PhD degrees. Tel: (+603) 2168 6200 | Email: kll@minbuza.nl
Website: http://malaysia.nlembassy.org/
Higher education institutions are spread throughout the country. Only some of them Netherlands Organisation for International Cooperation in Higher Education
have central campuses, however, and the buildings of a single university might even (www.nuffic.nl)
be scattered throughout a city. Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
(www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministries/ocw)
Study in Holland (www.studyinholland.nl)

44 45
 POLAND
Basic country information

Poland is a fascinating country that serves as the geographical and cultural crossroads
of Eastern and Western Europe. It is bound by the Baltic Sea, Belarus, the Czech
Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Slovakia and Ukraine. There are 38.2 million inhabi-
tants in the country. The official language is Polish and the capital of the country is
Warsaw. Other major cities are Gdansk, Cracow, Lodz, Poznan, Szczecin and Wroclaw.

The higher education system

The Polish university education system has a 650-year history. Currently, there are 121
state higher educational institutions and not less than 210 non-state higher educa-
tional institutions in Poland. Among the higher education institutions, there are both
academic (university) and vocational institutions. Vocational schools train students in
professional specialisations and prepare them for specific professions by including
15-week internships and school practice in the mandatory curriculum.

Since 2007, Polish higher education system has been divided to three stages, which
are: Bachelors (Licencjat, Inynier), Masters (Magister), and Doctoral (Doktor). This
system applies to all fields of education except Law, Pharmacy, Psychology, Veterinary
Medicine, Medicine and Dentistry, which are still based on two-stage system
(Masters and Doctoral). Polish medical universities have also begun to attract Malay-
sian students due to their market competitiveness and diplomas recognized by the
Malaysian Government.

Application and scholarships More information

Those interested in studying in Poland are welcome to contact the respective Polish
higher educational institutions in order to obtain detailed information on the conditions
of admission and the courses and programmes which they offer to foreign students.
Embassy of the Republic of Poland
Address: 10 Lorong Damai 9 (Off Jalan Damai), 55000 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 2161 0805 | Email: kualalumpur.amb.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl
Study in Poland (www.studyinpoland.pl)
Perspektywy Education Foundation (www.perspektywy.pl)
Bureau for Academic Recognition and International Exchange
(www.buwiwm.edu.pl)
Ministry of Science and Higher Education (www.mnisw.gov.pl)

46 47
 PORTUGAL
Basic country information
Portugal is situated in the south-Western region of Europe, occupying the western
littoral of the Iberian peninsula. The territory also includes the Azores and Madeira
archipelagos. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the
east and north by Spain. The capital of the country is Lisbon and the official language
is Portuguese.
The higher education system
Higher education in Portugal is divided into two subsystems: university education
and non-university (polytechnic) education. The two systems of higher education are
linked and it is possible to transfer from one to the other. It is also possible to transfer
from a public institution to a private one and vice versa.
University institutions may award Licenciado (equivalent to a first degree), Mestre
(Masters) and Doutor (doctoral) degrees while polytechnic institutions award
Licenciado and Mestre degrees.
48
Application and scholarships
The Foundation for Science and Technology (www.fct.mctes.pt) under Portugals
Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education promotes national scientific
research and technological development by providing different types of grants, e.g.
Master grants (MA), doctoral grants, post-doctorate grants, sabbatical grants, grants
for scientific career development, enterprise doctorate grants and training grants.
The Cames Institute (www.instituto-camoes.pt), acting under the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, promotes the teaching of Portuguese language and culture at foreign
higher education establishments. The institute runs a variety of programs and offers
a range of scholarships to pursue these objectives. The Fundao Oriente (www.fori-
ente.pt) also offers a wide range of scholarships for annual courses on Portuguese
Language and Culture and on Oriental Languages and Cultures; Research or Doctor-
ate Scholarships and short term scholarships in the following areas: Plastic Arts,
History, Art History, Design, Photography, Architecture, Museum Science and Conser-
vation and Restoration. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (www.gulbenkian.pt)
provides grants in the areas of education, fine arts, international service, music, health
and human development.
More information
Embassy of Portugal (accredited to Malaysia)
Address: 26 Bush Lane, Soi New Road 30, 10500 Bangkok, Thailand.
Tel: (+66-2) 2242 123 | Email: portemb@scban.dgaccp.pt
Ministry of Education (www.min-edu.pt)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (www.mctes.pt)
Office for International Relations for Science and Higher Education
(www.grices.mctes.pt)
49
 ROMANIA Application and scholarships

Basic country information
Romania lies in the South-eastern part of the European continent. It is a
medium-sized country with a population of 22.5 million and borders Moldavia,
Ukraine, Hungary, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and the Black
Sea coast. The capital is Bucharest and the official state language is Romanian.
International students wishing to study in Romania can apply either to the Ministry of
Education and Research (www.edu.ro) or directly to the chosen Romanian university.
Citizens from abroad may also be accepted to study on the basis of scholarships
granted by Romania under bilateral agreements through the competent authorities
in the countries or on the basis of scholarships and grants offered by other states or
by international organisations.

The higher education system More information

The state higher education system in Romania comprises 49 state higher educational Embassy of Romania
institutions with 324 departments and another 20 private higher educational institu- Address: 114 Jalan Damai (Off Jalan Ampang), 55000 Kuala Lumpur
tions. The academic year starts between mid-September and mid-October as decided Tel: (+603) 2142 3172 | Email: roembdhm@streamyx.com
by each university senate. Website: http://kualalumpur.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en
Ministry of Education of Romania (www.edu.ro)
Undergraduate education provides two types of programmes:
Short-term university education (2-3 year programme provided by university
colleges) leading to a diplom de absolvire;
Long-term university education (4-6 year programmes provided by universities,
academies and conservatories) leading to a diplom de licen, which is
equivalent to a first degree.

Graduate education offers specialisation or an extension of the education provided in

universities. Graduate study programmes include:
Advanced studies (1-2 years) for university graduates. Graduates are awarded a
degree diploma;
Master studies (1-2 years) for university graduates;
Graduate academic studies (2-3 years) organised by graduate study schools
attached to universities or functioning as autonomous units; the studies are
organised on an inter-disciplinary basis aimed at increased professional
specialisation.

Doctoral studies (4-6 years) are also offered by universities and accredited research
institute. Doctoral courses are organised as day courses or night courses. Continuing
education university courses (up to one year) also address certain employment
categories for those without a university diploma.

50 51
 S L O VA K I A
Basic country information
The Slovak Republic is located at the centre of continental Europe, bordered by
Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine. Modern Slovakia was born
as an independent nation-state in 1993. Slovakia has a population of 5.5 million and
most of the inhabitants are ethnic Slovaks (85%) followed by Hungarians (10%).
The capital city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak (a western Slavic language,
very closely related to Czech and relatively close to Polish), although Hungarian and
Czech are widely spoken as well.
The higher education system
There are 35 higher education institutions (both state and private) in Slovakia. These
include universities, universities of technology, a university of economics, a university
of agriculture, universities of education, institutes of arts and music, military acade-
mies, a police academy and medical higher education institutions.
Under Slovakias current higher education law, its institutions of higher learning offer
three levels of higher education: stage 1 Bachelors (Bc., BSc), Stage 2 Masters (Mgr.,
MA, MSc), Engineer (Ing.) and Doctor (Dr., MD), and Stage 3 Doctorate (PhD).
The language of study is mainly in Slovak, however, the following study programmes
for foreign students are conducted in English:
* BSc Study Programmes
- College of Management / City University in Trenn
(www.vsm.sk/sk/kontakty/trencin/)
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra (www.en.ukf.sk/)
- Comenius University in Bratislava (www.uniba.sk/index.php?id=921)
- Matej Bel University in Bansk Bystrica (www.umb.sk/umb/umbbb.nsf )
- University of Technology in Bratislava
(http://www.stuba.sk/new/generate_page.php?page_id=132)
- University of Agriculture in Nitra (www.uniag.sk/)
- University in ilina (http://www.uniza.sk/menu/inc.asp?ver=EN)
52
* MSc. Study Programmes
- College of Management / City University in Trenn
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Matej Bel University in Bansk Bystrica-Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Koice (http://www.uvm.sk/en)
- Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
- University in ilina
* PhD. Study Programmes
- University of Agriculture in Nitra
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- University of Technology in Bratislava
- University of Veterinary Medicine and
Pharmacy in Koice
Note: Currently, the accreditation process for
recognition of diplomas in Malaysia is in
progress for the Medical Faculties of Comenius
University in Bratislava and Martin. The process
is expected to be completed by 2014.
Application and scholarships
Yearly tuition fees depend on the higher education institution and course chosen.
However, living costs in Slovakia are only 60% of the EU average.
The Slovak Academic Information Agency (http://www.saia.sk/en/) is a non-govern-
mental non-profit organisation implementing programmes and providing services
aimed at enhancement of civil society, and assisting in the internationalisation of
education and research in Slovakia since 1990.
Establishment of the National Scholarship Programme for the Support of Mobility of
Students, PhD Students, University Teachers and Researchers was approved by the
Government of the Slovak Republic in 2005. The National Scholarship Programme of
the Slovak Republic is funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and
Sport of the Slovak Republic (www.minedu.sk). The National Scholarship Programme
of the Slovak Republic (http://www.scholarships.sk/en/) is intended to support mobil-
ity of foreign students, PhD students, university teachers and researchers to stay at
Slovak universities and Slovak research organizations.
53
 S LO V E N I A
Basic country information
Slovenia is a parliamentary democracy in southern Central Europe bordering Austria,
Croatia, Hungary, Italy and the Adriatic Sea. Slovenia has a population of 2 million
people and the official language is Slovene. The capital of the country is Ljubljana,
which is also the largest city as well as the political, administrative, economic, educa-
tional and cultural centre of Slovenia.
The higher education system
There are 15 higher education institutions in Slovenia which cover all fields of studies.
This includes 3 public universities, the University of Llujljana (www.uni-lj.si), the
University of Maribor (www.uni-mb.si) and the University of Primorska
(www.upr.si/sl). The academic year is divided into two semesters: the winter semester
(October January) and the summer semester (February mid July).
The higher education reform in 2004, based on the Bologna Process guidelines,
introduced a three-cycle structure:
(1) Academic and professional study programmes (180-240 credits, 3-4 years);
(2) Masters courses (60-120 credits, 1-2 years);
(3) Doctoral studies (180 credits, 3 years).
54
Application and scholarships
The Centre of the Republic of Slovenia for Mobility and European Programmes
(www.cmepius.si) is the organisation managing scholarships awarded by the Govern-
ment. Scholarships are also available for foreign students who wish to come to
Slovenia as visiting students for up to 10 months. Another source is the Scientific and
Educational Foundation of the Republic of Slovenia (www.ad-futura.si), a public
foundation which provides financial support for the international mobility of
students and researchers.
The Centre for Slovene as a Second/Foreign Language (www.centerslo.net) organises
courses in Slovene language, literature and culture for foreigners whose first
language is not Slovene. The scholarships are mostly for lecturer positions in
Slovenian and Russian languages.
More information
Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology (www.mvzt.gov.sl/en/)
55
 S PA I N
Basic country information
Spain is situated on the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe. The Spanish territory
also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the
Atlantic Ocean and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Spain is the
second largest country in Western Europe, has a population of 45 million people and
is one of the main tourist destinations worldwide. Spain experiences all four seasons,
however, its location makes it one of the warmest countries in Europe and generally
in winter temperatures are mild.
The higher education system
Spain is part of the Europe-wide Bologna Process based on the ECTS (European Credit
Transfer System) and the new degree structure creates three levels of higher education:
(1) Bachelors degree programme (Grado: 240 ECTS, 4 years);
(2) Masters degree programme (Mster : 60-120 ECTS, 1 or 2 years);
(3) Doctoral degree programme (Doctorado: it consists of two parts: doctoral studies
(60 ECTS) and research, 3-4 years).
56
As of 2013, Spain has 81 public and private universities. The academic calendar in
Spanish universities begins in mid-September or early October for the first semester
and late January or early February for semester two. Examinations are held at the end
of the first semester, in February, and at the end of the second semester, in June.
However, there are some variations between universities.
Spain is also one of the most popular destinations for learning Spanish, the mother
tongue of over 400 million people in the world, as a foreign language. Most universi-
ties and private language institutes in Spain provide numerous short (summer cours-
es) and long-term courses for international students.
Application and scholarships
In Spain, several public and private institutions offer financial aid to foreign students
wishing to study there. Before applying for a specific grant, candidates should find
out as much as they can about the various possibilities open to them. Malaysian
students interested in studying or doing research in a Spanish University can find an
up-to-date list of scholarships through the following links:
http://universidad.es/en/spain/study-spain/scholarships-0
http://www.aecid.es/es/convocatorias/becas/index.html
http://www.casaasia.es/educacion/becas
More information
Embassy of Spain in Malaysia
Address: Office Suite E-12-02 Level 12, East Wing
The Icon, No. 1 Jalan 1/68F (Off Jalan Tun Razak)
50400 Kuala Lumpur
Tel.: (+603) 2162 0261 | Fax: (+603) 2164 0261
Email emb.kualalumpur@maec.es
Public Foundation for the International Promotion of Spanish Universities
(http://universidad.es/en)
57
 SWEDEN Application and Scholarships

Basic country information
Sweden is located on the east side of the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe.
It has nine million inhabitants of which almost two million live in and around the
capital, Stockholm. The official language is Swedish. Sweden has been a constitution-
al monarchy since 1809, and has had a parliamentary system of government since
1719. Despite its natural riches, Sweden is a country built on people. Today, knowl-
edge is Swedens prime asset, with education kept in the public domain and devel-
oped to a standard that ranks consistently among the highest in OECD statistics.
The higher education system
The Swedish higher education system includes traditional university studies and
professional training. There are a total of 61 universities, university colleges and
independent programme providers.
Since taking part in the Bologna Process, a Europe-wide cooperation to harmonise all
higher education, there have been major changes in the Swedish university system. A
three-level degree structure was introduced in 2007:
All foreign students should apply directly to the higher education institutions for
each course and programme. Foreign student counsellors and the admissions offices
can provide the necessary information and forms.
Although tuition, in almost all cases, is free, students should take into account living
costs in Sweden. Scholarships are primarily managed by the Swedish Institute (Svens-
ka Institutet), which administers over 500 scholarships for students and researchers
coming to Sweden. However, SI scholarships for students applying to English-lan-
guage programmes in Sweden are for Masters level studies or advanced/research
studies only. More information at www.si.se.
More information
Embassy of Sweden
Address: A-12-2 Hampshire Place Office, 157 Hampshire, 1 Jalan Mayang Sari,
40550 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 2203 0200 | Email: ambassaden.kuala-lumpur@gov.se
Website: http://www.swedenabroad.com/en-GB/Embassies/Kuala-Lumpur/
The Swedish Institute (www.studyinsweden.se / www.si.se)

(1) Undergraduate studies The Hgskoleexamen (diploma) is awarded after a

completion of at least 120 credits. The Kandidatexamen (bachelors degree) is
conferred after the completion of at least 180 credits, equivalent to three years of
full-time study. Professional degrees in medicine, pharmaceutical studies,
psychology, dentistry, architecture, civil engineering and law could last between
four to six years;
(2) Masters studies There are two kinds of masters courses leading to two different
degrees. The Magisteraxamen lasts for one year and the Masterexamen lasts for
two years. Apart from these academic degrees, there are some 60 professional
degrees (Yrkesexamen), which vary in length depending on their field of study;
(3) Doctoral studies Doctoral studies (Licentiat/Doktor) usually last four years. They
combine taught course work and research for a thesis.

58 59
 UNITED KINGDOM
Basic country information
The United Kingdom is a country and sovereign state situated off the northwest coast
of Europe. The United Kingdom is a political union made up of four constituent
countries: England, Scotland, Wales (Great Britain) and Northern Ireland. The capital
city is London. The two official languages in Britain are English and Welsh, English
being the most widely spoken. Scottish Gaelic is also spoken in some parts of
Scotland. The United Kingdom has a highly industrialised economy and the
sixth-largest gross domestic product in the world. It is the third most populous state
in the European Union.
The higher education system
Undergraduate study:
Degrees are the most popular undergraduate qualification in the UK. They are
academic courses, usually studied over three years in England, Northern Ireland and
Wales, or four years in Scotland (where the title of Masters degree may be awarded).
University International Foundation Year courses help to bridge any gaps between
qualifications already held and the ones needed to begin a degree course at a UK
university.
Postgraduate study:
Pre-masters courses can last from one term to a complete academic year and cover
academic study, cultural instruction and language training. Many courses will guaran-
tee progression onto a masters course at a particular university.
Postgraduate certificate or diplomas (PG Cert / Dip) are one-year taught postgraduate
courses that dont usually involve research. Theyre often accepted as professional
qualification in the relevant field, such as education or management, giving you a
fantastic head start in your chosen career.
Taught Masters (MA, MSc, LLM, Med etc) courses generally last for one year and
consist of two elements: youll complete a number of modules and produce a disser-
tation from original research.
Research Masters (MRes, MPhil) is a Masters degree by research. You will devote the
entire year to research.
60
Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a specialist business taught Masters
course. Its the best-known and most popular postgraduate qualification.
Doctoral study:
Doctorate (PhD) will take you three to four years to complete, during which youll be
working on a single research project.
New Route PhDs include taught elements as well as a research project and give you
the opportunity to undertake interdisciplinary study.
Application and scholarships
There is a wide range of scholarships available for international students to study in
the UK. Key scholarships include:
(1) British Chevening Scholarships administered by the British High Commission for
students studying for a Postgradute Diploma or Masters degree.
(2) Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme (www.orsas.ac.uk) is intended for
students of full-time postgraduate research only and available for all subjects.
More information
British Council / Education UK
Address: Ground Floor, West Block, Wisma Selangor Dredging, 142C Jalan Ampang,
50450 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: (+603) 2723 7900 | Email: kualalumpur@britishcouncil.org.my
Website: www.educationuk.org/Malaysia/Home
* Note: British Council centres are also located in Penang,
Kota Kinabalu and Kuching. Visit the website for more
details.
British High Commission
Address: Level 27, Menara Binjai, Jalan Binjai (Off Jalan
Ampang), 50450 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: (+603) 2170 2200
Email: press.kualalumpur@fco.gov.uk
Website: http://ukinmalaysia.fco.gov.uk/en/
61