Projecton

RightToFood&FoodSecurityinU.P,C.G,Rajasthan

SubmittedtoProf.HanumantYadav

(FacultyofEconomics)

Submittedby:AlankritBajpai

Semester:III,SectionC,RollNumber8

B.ALL.B

SubmittedOn:10.10.15

HidayatullahNationalLawUniversity

Raipur(C.G.)

1
 DECLARATION

I Alankrit Bajpai hereby declare that the project entitled Right to Food &Food security in India
submitted to

Hidayatullah National University, Raipur is a record of the original work done under the able
guidance of Prof. Hanumant Yadav, faculty member of the university.

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ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Hanumant Yadav, department of economics

Hidayatullah National Law University for providing me an opportunity to do my project work on
Right to Food &Food Security in India with special reference to U.P, C.G,Rajasthan This
project bears on imprint of many people. I think my project would be helpful in telling the scenario
of food security in the country and various government inputs on it which in turn will create
awareness amongst the readers.I take this opportunity to also thank the University and the Vice
Chancellor for providing extensive database resources in the Library and through Internet.Last but
not least I wish to avail myself of this opportunity, express a sense of gratitude and love to my
friends and my beloved parents for their manual support, strength and help. I would be grateful to
receive comments and suggestions to further improve this project report.

Thanking You

Yours Obediently,

Alankrit Bajpai

(Section- C, Semester- III, Roll No-8)

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TABLE OF CONTENT:
Declaration 2
Acknowledgements 3
List of Abbreviations 5
Introduction 6
Objectives 7
Research Methodology 8
Food security in India 9
India has the largest food schemes in the World 11
National Food Security Act 2013 12
Right to Food and Food Security in U.P 13
Right to Food and Food Security in C.G 15
Right to Food and Food Security in Rajasthan 17
Image 19
Conclusion 20
Refrences 21

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS:
1. % Per Cent
2. BPL Below Poverty Line
3. C.G. Chhatisgarh
4. U.P Uttar Pradesh
5. E.g. Exempli Gratia
6. i.e. That is
7. P. Page

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 INTRODUCTION
The right to food, and its variations, is a human right protecting the right for people to feed
themselves in dignity, implying that sufficient food is available, that people have the means to
access it, and that it adequately meets the individual's dietary needs.Food security exists when all
people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to
meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Three things can be
implied from this definition. First, adequate supply for all people. Second, adequate distribution
channels for physical access and third, adequate entitlements for economic access. The problem of
food security arises at multiple levels, it can be at the national,inter-national,household or intra-
household. Thanks to the impact of green revolution though, it was limited to same crops and too in
limited states. To ensure easy access to food at household level, government monopolizes grain
management and subsidized food gains. Paradoxically, India attained national food self-sufficiency
35 years ago yet about 35% of its population remains food insecure. Low incomes and high food
prices prevent individual food security. Another aspect of Indian food security situation is that after
over three decades of operation, public distribution system meets less than 10% of consumption of
PDS grains rice and wheat by the poor.At the global level, poor harvest coupled with rising
demand has led to and overall increase in food prices. Unfavorable weather conditions in parts of
Europe and North Africa, together with worst ever drought in Australia put stocks of major food
crops, especially wheat, at record low levels. Tight supply pushed up the prices of wheat to
unprecedented heights, significantly affecting food inflation across the globe including India.
Surging food grain prices and worsening global supplies are now bringing the domestic food crisis
to the boil. The crisis has been building up for sometime. The food grains yields of India farmers
are not going up. Grain output has been stagnating for over a decade and there is a growing gap
between supply and demand.Attaining long-term food security requires the raising of incomes and
making food affordable. To ensure food security for the vulnerable section of the society a multiple
pronged stately is to be evolved. To begin with all the existing social safety net programmes need
amalgamation and should focus on vulnerable and underprivileged regions and groups.
The existing anti-poverty programmes may be made more transparent with better government that
minimizes leakages and benefits from such programmes. Simultaneously, agriculture needs to be
reformed by improving incentives, incentives, increasing in vestment etc. So that production of
traditional and high-value commodities can be increased.Unfortunately agriculture is in the grip of
poor performance. Traditional sources of augmenting income are cerise. Production environment is
changing it is not dominated by small holders. With the shrinking land holdings, their sustainability
and viability can not rely solely on production of food grains. To augment their income, small
holders need to diversify their production and crops. Ten years after the dismantling of the
universal public distribution system systems, the statistical jugglery of the targeted food distribution
system actually excludes millions of poor in both the BPL and APL categories. Targeting is linked
to neoliberal policies that seek to limit, if not eliminate, the governments welfare responsibilities
.The denial of the right to food for a large section of the Indian population reflected in increased
malnourishment strutted growth, ill health and loss of energy and therefore productivity is an issue

6
that deserves more national attention. If countries agree to be graded in terms of provision of food
security to their citizens, India would rank along with Ethiopia at the lower end.

OBJECTIVE

This project aims to study the following mentioned topics under Food security. They are:
Introduction to Right to Food and Food Security in India.

India's largest food schemes in the world.

The National Food Security Act, 2013.

Food Security in U.P, C.G , Rajasthan

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8
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
This Research Project is descriptive and analytical in nature. Accumulation of the information on
the topic includes wide use secondary sources like books, e-articles etc. The matter from these
sources have been compiled and analysed to understand the concept.

Websites, dictionaries and articles have also been referred.

The structure of the project, as instructed by the Faculty of Economics has been adhered to and
same has been helpful in giving the project a fine finish off.

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 FoodSecurityinIndia

Food security is the imperative prerequisite for the economic and social stability of any nation.
Again sustainable food security requires a stable supply of good and properly functioning
agricultural markets.

To encourage the food security, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
celebrates World Food Day every year on 16th October, the day on which the Organization was
founded in 1945. "World Food Security and the challenges of climate change and bio-energy" was
the theme for the World Food Day for the year 2008. The theme is quite relevant at this hour when
changes in agriculture production and cultivation pattern is being observed in different parts of the
world due to drastic changes in the climatic pattern. Increase in demand for fuel, food, diversion of
good crops to fuel, inflationary peak particularly observed in food items can have a detrimental
effect on the gap between demand and supply of food products and food security of the nations as a
whole. The worst affected, under such circumstances will undoubtedly be the people residing in the
developing and the underdeveloped nations of the world.

Poor people of these countries are largely dependent on agriculture which is most vulnerable to
climate change. Increase in the instances of crop failures and livestock deaths have already resulted
in huge economic losses undermining food security in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. global warming
and increase in the green house gas emission, deforestation for urbanization and injudicious use of
natural resources are the major causes for climate change and they will directly or indirectly hamper
agriculture production and productivity. This will in turn result in food insecurity and finally result
in riots and unrest in different parts of the world. Thus, at present, the world is not even on track to
achieve the 1996 World Food Summit target of reducing the number of hungry people from 800
million to 400 million by 2015. Moreover, the world prices have risen 45 percent in the last nine
months.

Although India had long back achieved self-sufficiency in food, the Government of India has
launched the new National Food Security Mission 2007 with the basic objective of grappling with
the persistent yield storage in the country. The mission will increase the production of rice by 10
million tones, wheat by 8 million tones and pulses by 2 million tones in five years by the end of
11th Five Year Plan (2011-2012)

The desired target does not look difficult. The primary reason of this optimism is that there happens
to be a substantial gap between the current average yields and the potential yields which can be
bridged with the help of available technologies. The basic objectives can be achieved by bridging
this current yield-potential yield gap or even by narrowing it appreciably. However, for this
purpose, the newly launched mission will have to successfully deal with the factors which have kept
the output static for the past many years. It is in recognizing and grappling with these factors that
the real challenges lies. Another significant task is boosting the productivity of pulses where even
the potential yields are not to high.

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In mot areas, even in the agriculturally progressive ones, the production and productivity of rice and
wheat have shown the tendency to stagnate primarily because of the fatigue nature of the soil. The
intensive farming practiced in these areas without adequate use of organic manures has led to the
deterioration of soil health. Also lack of replenishment of depleted plant nutrients, especially the
vital micronutrients, has impaired the fertility of the agricultural land. Therefore, to bring about an
increase in the yields, high doses of some costly imputes will have to be brought in. However, the
farmers are frequently denied remunerative returns on their produces, hence they usually find it
difficult to afford those costly inputs.

The fund-starved farmers have not been replacing the old seeds with fresh ones of superior
varieties. Besides, the agriculture extension machinery responsible for known-how and technology
transfer has remained idle in most States for a long time. Consequently even simple measures like
timely seed planting, critical for a crop like wheat, have not been communicated to the farmers
effectively.

The new Mission, therefore, aims at addressing all these issues with a view to be able to tackle yield
stagnation and working in those areas which have so far remained laggards in agricultural
production. Thus, it has scope for productivity improvement.

The Mission has taken up largely those districts in the selected 16 States where the crop
productivity is lower than the state or the national average. It also seems to have taken care to some
other areas of concern by including units plan aspects like integrated nutrient and pest management,
timely imputes supply and promotion of new technologies.

On the whole, the Mission plans to operate in 305 districts of 16 states with a total 11th Five Year
Plan outlay of Rs. 4882.5 crore. Of these, 133 districts in 12 States have been selected for
enhancing rice yields, 138 districts in nine States for wheat and 168 districts in 14 States for pulses.
The participating States include Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan.

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 IndiahasthelargestfoodschemesintheWorld

Entitlement Feeding Programmes

ICDS (All Children under six, Pregnant and lactating mother)

MDMS (All Primary School children)

Food Subsidy Programmes

Targeted Public Distribution System (35 kgs/ month of subsidised food

grains

Annapurna (10 kgs of free food grain for destitute poor)

Employment Programmes

National Rural Employment Scheme (100 days of employment at minimum wages)

Social Safety Net Programmes

National Old Age Pension Scheme (Monthly pension to BPL)

National Family Benefit Scheme (Compensation in case of death of bread winner to BPL
families)

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 NationalFoodSecurityAct,2013

The National Food Security Act, 2013 (also Right to Food Act) is an Act of the Parliament of India
which aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India's 1.2 billion
people. It was signed into law on September 12, 2013, retroactive to July 5, 2013. The National
Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA 2013) converts into legal entitlements for existing food security
programmes of the Government of India. It includes the Midday Meal Scheme, Integrated Child
Development Services scheme and the Public Distribution System. Further, the NFSA 2013
recognizes maternity entitlements. The Midday Meal Scheme and the Integrated Child
Development Services Scheme are universal in nature whereas the PDS will reach about two-thirds
of the population (75% in rural areas and 50% in urban areas). Under the provisions of the bill,
beneficiaries of the Public Distribution System (or, PDS) are entitled to 5 kilograms (11 lb) per
person per month of cereals at the following prices:

Rice at 3 (4.7 US) per kg

Wheat at 2 (3.1 US) per kg

Coarse grains (millet) at 1 (1.6 US) per kg.

Pregnant women, lactating mothers, and certain categories of children are eligible for daily free
meals.

The bill has been highly controversial. It was introduced into Indias parliament on December 22,
2011, promulgated as a presidential ordinance on July 5, 2013, and enacted into law on September
12, 2013.

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 RIGHTTOFOODANDFOODSECURITYINUTTARPRADESH.

Development agencies regard the concept of household food security-often defined as "access for
all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life"-as a guiding principle for designing
interventions in rural areas because poverty is the major determinant of food insecurity and
achievement of food security is the goal of development. It is a known fact that the poor do not have
adequate access to food in quantities needed for a healthy life, hence food security is an absolute
necessity for development.

In this paper, database related to food security for the Uttar Pradesh region of India were analysed
for food security indices such as food availability, food stability, and food accessibility to classify
the region. The result classify the southern portion of the Uttar Pradesh as highest food security
region; and the portion as low food security region due to lack of fair price shops, low level of
purchasing power, lack of storage capacity and lack of food grains production. Food security has
three dimensions; available food, having enough food for the entire population, at all times and to
sustain human life (Bush and Lacy, 1984).

In this section, therefore, an attempt has been made to find out the trends and distributional pattern
of food availability which encompasses food grains availability, caloric availability of food grains
and livestock availability. Foodgrains availability (in calories/head/day), caloric be high in food
grains availability due to high productivity, high infrastructural facilities and low population density
and high food grains availability. Ten districts come under the medium grade which spreads in the
south-west and - east portion of the study area. Six districts including Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar,
Baghpat, Ghaziabad, Moradabad and Hathras form the low food availability regions. Only one
district that is, Meerut falls in the very low concentration of food availability and lies in the western
portion of the study area.

Food availability has been recorded in these districts due to high population density, high rate of
urbanization and high concentration of cash crop production. Pilibhit district has been reported to
have the highest food availability because of its low population density and low rate of urbanization
. Access to adequate food for all people at all times is defined as food security (World Bank,

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1986). Food security is not only dependent upon food availability and stability but also upon
accessibility.

The majority of malnourished people cannot produce or afford to buy enough food. They have
inadequate access to natural resources, jobs, income or social scores (Chatarvedi, 1997). Food
accessibility is the composite result of indicators like purchasing power, employment and literacy
rate (Tables 2 and 3)

. Purchasing power, employment and literacy rate are the variables of analysis of food accessibility.
The standardized z-scores of these variables are added in order to get the weight of food
accessibility regions.

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RIGHTTOFOODANDFOODSECURITYINCHHATTISGARH.

Chhattisgarh, a state in central India, already has its own food security law and has been praised for
reducing the amount of grain lost to pilferage and through corrupt practice. Almost 90% population
of the state has benefited from cheap food grains under The Chhattisgarh Food and Nutrition
Security Act 2012. Entitlements are provided to each household and the eldest woman in the family
is regarded as the head of the household.

It has covered 55% of households of landless laborers, small marginal farmers with less than two
hectares of land, construction workers and those in the urban informal sector.

One in four families with particularly vulnerable members, such as those who are terminally ill or
physically challenged, have benefited from the law so far. de-privatized the ration shops by shifting
the management of the public distribution system outlets from private licensees to community-
based organizations such as gram panchayats (village councils,) female self-help groups and co-
operative societies.

Government organize a Chawal Utsav (Rice Festival) at each ration shop during the first week of
every month, which helps to ensure that all food items are adequately stocked in each shop by the
last day of the previous month. Food items are delivered direct to the doorstep of ration shops by
yellow government and private trucks to help curtail diversion and ensure timely stoking of food
items in shops.

To make the ration shops financially viable, and reduce the chance of leakage, we increased the
commission paid to shop owners and gram panchayats from 8 rupees (13 cents) to 45 rupees for 100
kilograms of food. Govenment provided an interest-free loan of 75,000 rupees to all shops allocated
to female self-help groups and gram panchayats.

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The public distribution system was computerized in 2007 to ensure strict monitoring of movement
of stocks and inventory levels at all warehouses and shops in the state. The ration cards have also
been computerised and only centrally printed ration cards are distributed to the beneficiaries. The
state government started a toll-free public distribution telephone helpline and also took various
transparency measures to involve the community in the process of monitoring.

The government of Chhattisgarh has made a provision in its Food Security Act, to provide for
entitlements in either the state or federal law, whichever is more. Only 33% households in
Chhattisgarh were entitled to free grain from the government of India under the national public
distribution system. Whereas, the state food security act is providing entitlements to 90% of
households.

If the national food law is passed then 78% of households will be entitled to cheap grains from the
government of Indias public distribution system. However the entitlement will come down to 22.5
kg from 35 kg per household less than under the state system.

Passage of the national food law does not lead to any adverse impact on implementation of the state
system. Hence, no major change is required to the existing system.

The state government expanded the coverage under public distribution system in 2007 under the
Mukhyamantri Khadyanna Sahayata Yojana (meaning the chief ministers food aid program).
Since then, the government has been spending to the tune of 6 billion rupees ($ 99 million) to 8
billion rupees, every year, from its own resources on food security.

In light of the provisions of the state food law passed in December, budget provision has been made
for 17 billion rupees for the financial year 2013-14. The total annual expenditure from states own
resources, over and above that provided by the government of India, is estimated to increase to 21
billion rupees as we extend the coverage of the subsidy to 4.2 million households from 3.5 million

households.

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RIGHTTOFOODANDFOODSECURITYINRAJASTHAN.

The Food Security Act, which promises heavily subsidized foodgrains to the poor, .From the state's
total population of 6.86 crore, 4.64 crore people will be benefitted by the Act as the government will
provide wheat at Re 1 or Rs 2 per kg to them under the public distribution system. Incidentally, the
state which is going to assembly polls in next two months has nearly 4.6 crore voters.

69.09% of the rural population and 53% of the urban population have been identified as
beneficiaries. In this manner, another 50 lakh families have now been added to the scheme in
addition to the beneficiaries of existing schemes such as the Antodaya Anna Yojana.

"Rajasthan will become the first state to implement the Act after completing the processes
prescribed to identify the beneficiaries through gram panchayats and municipal wards. Appreciating
our efforts, the Centre has now allotted us wheat for distribution "The Act will ensure enough and
quality foodgrain at low prices for the common man to live with dignity," Government claimed.
The Act will cover rural and urban poor as per Union BPL and state BPL lists, Antodaya families,
Annapurna families, beneficiaries of various pension schemes and Mukhya Mantri Jeevan Raksha
Kosh, those living in government hostels, construction and bonded labourers, domestic helps, small
and marginal farmers and the poor included in several other state categories.
"The Act will also work towards women empowerment as the new ration cards will allow the senior
most woman above 18 years to be identified as the family head. It is also dedicated to children as
boys and girls between 6 months and 6 years of age would get nutritious food through Anganwadi
centres," Gehlot pointed out.
Chief minister Gehlot said the state was leading with its strong management in food security for the
poor under different schemes. "The state is already providing wheat at Re 1 per kg to 38.83 lakh
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families included in union and state BPL lists and Antodaya. The added 50 lakh families would get
wheat at Rs 2 per kg under the Act," Gehlot said.
Under the Anna Suraksha Yojana, the state is providing 35 kg wheat free to each of the 22,373
Saharia families in Baran district and 1,135 Kathodi families in Udaipur district. Each of these
families is also being given 2 kg pulses, 2 litre soya oil and 1 litre desi ghee-all free of cost.
Food and civil supplies minister Parsadi Lal Meena said, "The existing beneficiaries of food
security schemes across state would continue to get 35 kg wheat per family. For its every added
member, a family would get 5 kg wheat."

The chief minister addressed a video-conference of the state's divisional commissioners and
collectors on Saturday to ensure proper implementation of the Act next week. The government will
open another 2,000 fair price shops in the state for smooth distribution of subsidized wheat under
the Act. Collectors have been appointed nodal officers for complaint redressal at the district level,
while a state foodgrain commission has been constituted to address the complaints at the state level.

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20
 CONCLUSION
The National Food Security Act, 2013 (also Right to Food Act is an Act of the Parliament of
India which aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India's 1.2 billion
people.[1] It was signed into law on September 12, 2013,retroactive to July 5, 2013

The National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA 2013) converts into legal entitlements for existing
food security programmes of the Government of India. It includes the Midday Meal
Scheme, Integrated Child Development Services scheme and the Public Distribution System.
Further, the NFSA 2013 recognizes maternity entitlements. The Midday Meal Scheme and the
Integrated Child Development Services Scheme are universal in nature whereas the PDS will reach
about two-thirds of the population (75% in rural areas and 50% in urban areas).

The green revolution initiated in the late 1960s was a historic watershed that transformed the food
security situation in India. It tripled food grain production over the next three or four decades and
consequently reduced by over 50 percent both the levels of food insecurity and poverty in the
country, this was achieved in spite of the increase in population during the period, which almost
doubled. The country succeeded in the laudable task of becoming a food selfsufficient nation, at
least at the macro level. The per capita dietary energy supply increased significantly from 2370
kcal/day in the early 1990s to about 2440 kcal/day in 2001-03 and to 2550 kcal/day in 2006-08. The
prevalence of undernourishment in the total population also decreased from 25 to 20 per cent during
the period of 1990 to 2000, and as many as 58 million individuals were estimated to have come out
of the poverty trap. The absolute number of poor persons came down from 317 million to 259
million with other livelihood indicators such as the literacy rate and longevity increasing
substantially. The life expectancy at birth for males and females respectively, in 2005-06 was 63 and
66 years respectively as compared to that in 1986-91, which was as low as 58 and 59 years for
males and females respectively. (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance; 2007).

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REFERENCES:
1. "Govt defers promulgation of ordinance on Food Security Bill". Times of India. June 13,
2013.

2. "The National Food Security Bill, 2013 Receives the Assent of the President, Published in
the Gazette of India as Act No. 20 of 2013" (Press release). Press Information Bureau.

3. "Food Security Act To Be Implemented From July 5". Bloomberg TV India.

4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Delhi, India, Indian Cabinet Approves National Food
Security Bill 2013, GAIN Report IN3037, April 11, 2013

5. National Food Security Ordinance, No. 7 of 2013, July 5, 2013

6. http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/202013.pdf

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