‘Answer Key we 30, _D 2 oe 3 2° 4 33, 5A MB 6 ces A 36, _E oo 31, D oe Wo, A is oo 40. 2B a. ee on as ek B ic a 7B 46. A 8, ee 9, _B 48 a 9. _B 2 ec oe on 2 32, cee 53. 25 4B 55 56. 37, aD 5859 6. 8 6. _¢ «2. B 4. A 6. 8 6. _B ok 68, 1. _D mA Be mA 7S. A cr 7. 78 ‘Answer Key1 Respiration Practice Questions NTP synthase inthe inner mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes is a A) nucleic acid B) protein ©) alycocalys. D) triglyceride ) phospholipid High energy phosphate bonds are present in which of the following molecules? 1. Glucose Ml, ATP ML, Water A) Lonly D) Land tt B) Tonly B) Mandl ©) only The structure of ATP most closely resembles that of A) acetylcholine D) thymine nucleotide B) adenine nucleoside BE) norepinephrine ©) glutamate When bonds are broken, energy that is not used by the cell {o carry out cellular processes is A). stored in the nucleus B)_ given off as heat ©) digested by the lysosomes D) packaged in the endoplasmic reticulum B) oxidized ATP serves as an effective energy transfer molecule because of AA) the nature ofthe bonds existing between adjacent phosphate groups 'B) its release in response tothe binding of calcium ions to enzymes on the cell membrane (©) its role in eytochrome activity during the electron transport chain 1D) its ability to be both consumed and produced during alyeolysis| EE) its rapid production by the mitochondria of prokaryotic cells In plants, ATP is synthesized in the A) chloroplasts and endoplasmic reticulum B) chloroplasts and mitochondria ©) extosol and mitochondria D) mitochondria and nucleus E)_ chloroplasts and cytosol How is the energy stored in food molecules released and used to synthesize ATP? \)_ Relocation of electrons in redox reactions B)_Lysosomes degrade macromolecules to release the stored energy ©) Anabolic pathways. D) Biosynthesis, E) Rearrangement of the atoms that constitute the Food molecules, 8 1B ‘Bacteria that can MOSTT effectively carry out metabolism in the absence of oxygen are described as A) anaerobic D)_ fermentative microbes B) aerobic: B) alycolytic ©) facultative anaerobes Facultative anaerobes A) can only convert glucose to pyruvic acid B) only metabolize molecules other than oxygen ©) require oxygen to carry out metabolism 1D) can carry out metabolism in both the presence and absence of oxygen ©) synthesize aleohol Select the statement that accurately describes the difference innet energy yield between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, A). Aerobic respiration yields 36 ATP and anaerobic respiration yields 2 ATP B)_Acrobic respiration yields 34 ATP and anerobic respiration yields 4 ATP ©) Aerobie respiration yields 4 ATP and anerobie respiration yields 36 ATP )_ Aerobie respiration yields 36 ATP and anerobic respiration yields 4 ATP B) Aerobie respiration yields 4 ATP and anerobic respiration yields 2 ATP ‘Two different microorganisms are grown in two separate cultures. When both organisms are subjected to aerobic conditions, growth is observed. However, when bath ‘organisms are subjected to anaerobic conditions, one ofthe ‘microorganism dies, It can be inferred that 'A) one organism is a facultative anaerobe and one is an obligate aerobe B) one organism isan obligate aerobe and one isan ‘obligate anaerobe ©) one organism isa facultative anaerobe and one isa facultative aerobe ) both organisms are facultative aerobes ) both organisms ae obligate anaerobes Anaerobie metabolism of glucose occurs inthe A). mitchondtial matrix B) cytoplasm ©, outer membrane ofthe mitochondria 1D) inner membeane ofthe mitochondria B)_ intermembrane space of the mitochondria Which ofthe following orga respiration? sms can undergo anaerobic 1. Cyanobacteria Yeast ML, Zebra A) Lonly D) Land Ionly B) Honly ) 1land ith ©) MontyRespiration Practice All organisms undergo D) all ofthe above B) ethanol fermentation E) none ofthe above ©) aerobic respiration overs a new type of bacteria thod of respiration makes them similar to human muscle cells. ‘These organisms may be termed A) facultative aerobes _D)_ obligate anaerobes B) facultative anaerobes) none of the above ©) obligate aerobes Anaerobic respiration in fungi includes all of the following, conversion pathways EXCEPT A) ethanol to CO, B) glucose to pyruvie acid ©) pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol D) pyruvic to lactic acid B)_ NADH to NAD’ All ofthe following molecules are required for anaerobic respiration EXCEPT 1. ADP, Ml, NAD’ I. 0, A) Monty D) Mand tif only B) Monty ©) bland it ©) Land 1H only Activation energy consists of 2 ATP for 1. Aerobie respiration II, Anaerobic respiration IIL, Photosynthesis A) Tonly D) Hand [If only B) Monly FE) 1.Mand Ut ©) Land tt only What is true of aerobic respiration but NOT of anaerobic respiration? A) 2 ATP are required for activation. B) A chemiosmotic gradient is established. ). Glycolysis isthe primary process. 1D) Proteins are metabolized. B)_ Reduction-oxidation reactions occur. Which ofthe following statements is true about respiration and fermentation? A). Both processes share the same oxidizing agent (0 accept the electrons from food during glycolysis, 1) Both processes yield the same amount of ATP per tlucose molecule, ©) Both processes sustain glycolysis by using pyruvate as the final electron acceptor D)_ Both processes use the same mechanisms for oxidizing NADH back to NAD’ E) Both processes use the same enzymes 22, All ofthe Following statements about glycolysis are true EXCEPT a ;colysis marks the start of the anaerobie reactions of cellular respiration B) ATP isthe energy source which activates initiates the process of glycolysis. ©) Throughout glycolysis sugar phosphates are formed from sugar diphosphates, D) Inthe process there isa net gain of two ATP molecules. E) The last step ofthe process involves the formation of pyruvic acid lucose and Base your answer to the following question on the picture below: Anaerobie metabolism of glucose occurs here AA B) B oc D) More than one of the above E)_ None of the above During respiration, the net energy gain during the glycolysis phase is A) 2ATP D) 16 ATP B) 4ATP FE) 34ATP ©) SAT ‘The cytoplasm is the site of which process? A) The Kreb's cycle B) Oxidative phosphorylation ©) Glycolysis D) The citric acid cycle FE). The aerobic phase of metabolism Al ofthe following statements are true of glycolysis. EXCEPT: A). Its astage of photosynthesis. B) Ir occurs inthe cell eytoplasm. ©) produces pyruvic acid which enters the ‘mitochondrion, 1D) It comers glucose into pyruvie acid E)_ Iris an anaerobic process27, 28 30. 31 Respiration Practice Which of the following is a common feature of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? A) Cytochromes 1D) Glycolysis B) Electron transport chain F) Fermentation ©) Krebs eycle Glycolysis does not continue if A). there is no oxygen present B) NADH is not oxidized ©) PADH isnot oxidized D) there is excess pyruvate ) there is excess carbon dioxide In anaerobic respiration, ATP is formed through A) hydrolysis B)_enzyme-deficient anabolism ©). substrate-level phosphorylation D) chemiosmosis, E)_ oxidative phosphorylation Primary production of ATP in bacteria occurs through the processes of |A) acrobie respiration D)_glyeolysis. B) Calvin cycle 5) ©) ethanol fermentation lactic acid fermentation During the glycolytic pathway of aerobic respiration, glucose is eventually converted to all ofthe following EXCEPT A) alucose-6-phosphate B) PGAL © PEP D) Rupp E)_ fructose 1,6 diphosphate Which of the following does NOT occur in glycolysis? A) Phosphorylation B) Oxidation ©) ATP consumption 1D) Enzyme-catalyzed catabotism )_ Catabolism of pyruvate The presence of oxygen within a eukaryotic cell, the two pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis A) phosphorylate to form ATP for cell processes B) enter the electron transport chain ©) travel to the mitochondrion to take part in the Kreb’s cycle D) remain in the eytosol to drive the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation E) provide a source of energy for the ereation of ATP through chemiosmosis During each step of the glycolysis cycle A) ATP is used to produce glucose B)_ enzymes catalyze a reaction ©) oxygen is required to produce water D) ATP is synthesized )_ electrons are released from a membrane 34, Which step of cellular respiration will generate ATP with ‘oF without oxygen present? A). Oxidative phosphorylation B) Glycolysis ©) Krebis eyele D) Electron transport chain E)_ Lactic acid fermentation 35. Which of the following statements is true about the NADH ‘generated by glycolysis reaching the inner mitochondrial ‘membrane? |A). The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH unless 0, is present, B) NADH cannot be used within the mitochondria. ©) The two electrons of NADH stay within the cytosol. D) The NADH undergoes oxidative phosphorylation, E)_ The mitochondrial membrane accepts electrons using NADH embedded in its membrane, 36. All ofthe following statements about alcohol fermentation are true EXCEPT A) It occurs in plans, fungi, and bacteria 1B) Pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde and CO, (©) Ethanol isthe final product D) The alcohol produced isthe source of alcohol in beer and wine FE) NAD* is converted to NADH 37. Which ofthe following accurately describes alcohol fermentation? A) Itis the production of ethanol and CO, from glucose, B) Iris associated with aerobic respiration. ©) Itisa respiratory process resulting in the production of methanol. D) The oxidizing agent for this process is oxygen. E)_ Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized. 38, Which ofthe following sugars is produced under anaerobic conditions? A) Cellulose D) Fructose B) Glucose B) Lactose © Glycogen 39, In yeast, the energy stored in NADH powers the production of A) carbon dioxide only B) ethanol and carbon dioxide ©) lactic acid D) pyruvate FE) none of the above 40, Alcohol is not produced by human muscle cells because the molecule |A) is extremely large B) ishighly toxic ©). interacts negatively with 0, D) requires more ATP to produce than lactic acid P) is produced with CO,4 2, 43, 44, 45, 46. 41, 48, Respiration Practice Which of the following processes utilizes ATP? D)_ Glycolysis E)_ All ofthe above A) Fermentation B)_ Photosynthesis ©) Dehydration synthesis Which of the following cells ean be compared to a facultative anaerobe? A) Muscle D) Blood B) Stem 5) Skin ©) Brain How could a facultative anaerobe such as yeast produce the same amount of ATP as a respiring organism? A) Release more CO, B) Consume sugar ata faster rate during fermentation ©) Produce more lactic acid. 1D) Actively transport more NADH into the mitochondrial ‘membrane. E) Convert more pyruvate to acetyl CoA during fermentation. How many ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration? Ay 2 D) 36 By 4 FE) 38 © 18 During cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are generated via A) the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain B) fermentation and the electron transport chain (©) elycolysis and the electron transport chain D) the Kreb's cycle and glycolysis E) substrate phosphorylation and fermentation Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is INCORRECT? A) Glucose is a critical hydrogen acceptor during the electron transport chain, B)_Pyruvic acid molecules are decarboxylated during the Citric acid cycle. ©) The final hydrogen acceptor in electron transport chain is oxygen. 1D) The total gain of energy during glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules, E) Intermediate products of the Krebs eyele include oxaloacetic acid, succinic acid, ketagluraric acid and citric acid, ‘The process of aerobic respiration is most similar to D>) By neutralization 5) A) nite nitrification en fixation combustion ©) electrolysis Overall, glucose metabolism is A) adiabatic D) hypertonic B) endergonic )_ isothermal ©) exergonic Base your answers to questions 49 through $4 on the following picture, 49, Decarboxylases may'be found in A) Aonly 1D) all ofthe above B) Bonly FE) none of the above ©) Conly 50. The chemiosmotic gradient is established across A) Aonly ) all of the above B) Bonly E)_ none of the above © Conly 51, Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA AA) between A and C D) within © B) between Band C E) within B ©) outside of A 52, Redox reactions involving cytochromes take place in |A) the area contained by A and C 1B) the area contained by B and C ©) Aonly D) Bonly F) Conly 53. Enzymes may be found in A) Aonly D) Band C only B) Bonly F) A,BandC © Conly 54, The similarities between the organelle depicted above and certain prokaryotes support the A) endomembrane system theory B)_endosymbiont theory ©) aerobic evolution pathway 1D) heterotroph hypothesis )_ none of the above 55. If2 molecules of pyruvate are supplied to an aerobic ‘eukaryotic cell in place of a ghicose molecule, the net ‘output of ATP afer complete metabolism would be A) 2ATP D) 36A1P. B) 4 ATP FE) 38ATP: ©) 34ATP:56 58 9 60, 6 Respiration Practice The process of aerobic respiration A) completes one eyele before metabolizing another islucose molecule BB) involves gas exchange between cells ©) occurs many times simultaneously D) only occurs during the day E)_ only occurs right after food consumption Aerobie respiration includes all of the following EXCEPT |A) glucose catalysis B) magnesium excitation ©) reduction-oxidation reactions D) oxidative phosphorylation E)_substrate-level phosphorylation Which of the following is (are) the reduced form of an electron carrier? 1. NADH HW. NAD" MIL FADE, IV. FAD A) Lonly D) [and IV B) tonly B) Mand it ©) Fand 1H During which stages of respiration are electron carriers reduced and oxidized, respectively? A) Electron Transport Chain; Krebs Cycle B)Gilyeolysis; Oxidative Phosphorylation ©) Krebs Cycle; Oxidative Phosphorylation D)_Substate-level phosphorylation; Glycolysis B)_Krebs Cycle; Electron Transport Chain Why is it necessary to regenerate the reduced forms of clectron carriers during fermentation? A) The reduced form provides the energy for the production of ATP. B)_Itis required to maintain glycolysis. ©) Itis required to allow for the Krebs cycle to continue, D) Itprevents the production of waste products E). Itallows the process to occur in the presence of oxygen. In bacterial cellular respiration, the role of NAD is to A) carry electrons through the cytoplasmic ETC B) reduce O, ©) temporarily carry hydrogen during substrate-le phosphorylation D) store energy released by glycolysis a decarboxylase for ethanol B) act The citric acid eycle occurs in which organelle? A) Mitochondria By Ribosome ©) Endoplasmic reticulum D)_ Golgi complex F) Cytoplasm 63. The H’ gradient established on the opposite sides ofthe mitochondrial matrix is AA) responsible forthe reduction of NAD B) the direct energy source driving the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ©) responsible for establishing the Na-K balance across the membrane ) directly responsible for lowing the pH within the ritochondria B)_ necessary forthe init 64, Each ofthe following statements ae tue ofthe Krebs Cycle EXCEPT A). Itproduces 36 ATP molecules. B) Citic avid is broken down ina series of reactions. ©) Its overal effect isto break a three-carbon pyruvic acid ‘molecule into three molecules of carbon dioxide ) Itoceus in the mitochondrial matrix ofthe cell B) CO, isreleased as a by-product of redox reactions 65. With one glucose molecule, the cells able to un the TCA cycle A) one time B) two times ©) three times tion of the Kreb's cycle D) four times E) none of the above 666, The molecule that enters the mitochondria in order to begin the Krebs Cyele is A) acetic acid D)_phosphofructokinase B) acetyl CoA, E)_ pyruvate ©) glucose 67. Which of the following reactions does NOT oceur in the TCA cycle? A) Catbon fixation B) Carboxylation ©) Decarboxylation D) Dehydration synthesis E)_ Substrate-level phosphorylation 468. Which of the following statements is true about celfular respiration? A) The Kreb’s eycle and the Calvin eycle both require a net input of ATP. B) The electron transport chain and the Kreb's cycle both produce 2 ATP molecules. ©) The Kreb's cycle and glycolysis both take place in the cell's cytoplasm, D) ‘The Kreb's cycle produces half'as much NADH as lycolysis, E) Some organisms rely solely on harvesting, lycolysis for energy (69. A proton gradient is generated across the inner ‘mitochondrial membrane during (the) A) anaerobic fermentation D) B) Kreb’s cycle B) electron transport chain ©) substate phosphorylation70, 7 Ea Respiration Practice During cellular respiration the compound acetyl CoA is A) converted from acetic acid within the electron transport chain B) converted from carbon dioxide during anaerobic conditions ©) necessary for the initiation of glycolysis, D) converted from pyruvate in the presence of oxygen E)_necessary for the splitting of water In the electron transport chain, the final product is A) water D) the mitochondrion B) oxygen B) hydrogen ion ©) cytochrome oxidase ‘The process in which protons flow through channels and produce ATP is A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle ©) Calvin Cycle 1D) Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, B)_ Oxidative phosphorylation Which of the following is the final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain? A) Hydrogen B) Water ©) Oxygen D) NAD* P) FADH, 7m, 75, 16, n. 78, ‘Where does the electron transport cl the cell? AA). ‘The folds ofthe inner mitochondrial membrane. B)_ On the ribosome. ©) Inthe call cytoplasm, D) Inthe mitochondrial matri. B) On the outer membrane of the mitochondria membrane, take place inside ‘The chemiosmotic theory states thatthe production of ATP is mostly directed by which of the following? ‘A)_ A proton gradient in the mitochondria B) PGAL availabili ©) Pyruvie acid availability 1D) Oxidation of glucose B)_ Reduction of FAD. Whereis the most ATP made during aerobic cellular respiration? A). Cytoplasm B)_ Thylakoids ©) Ribosomes D) Golgi apparatus E)__ Electron transport chain “The chemiosmotic gradient in aerobic respiration drives the process(es) of A) ATP synthesis D)_photophosphorylation B) carbon fixation E) TCAcycle ©) electron transport chain Without oxygen, the electron transport chain A) will produce carbon dioxide as a final product B) will only produce water as.a final product ©) will not function, and the cell will undergo oxidative phosphorylation )_ will produce more molecules of ATP )_ will not function, and the cell wil undergo fermentation