EXAMPLE 6-1 Design of Vertical Stirrups WSD v.s.

SDM

9 Reinforced Concrete Design

Home work: Select the stirrup spacing for the beam shown below.

f c' = 280 ksc, and fy = 4,000 ksc Use DB10 stirrups.

Shear & Diagonal Tension #2
Show your results on a scaled sketch.

Shear Design Summary WSD v.s. SDM 40 cm

PL = 5 tons PL = 5 tons
PD = 2 tons PD = 2 tons wL = 3 t/m

Design Examples
A wD = 2 t/m

Location of Max. Shear for the Design of Beams d = 53 cm

Shear Span A

Deep Beam 2.5 m 4.0 m 2.5 m

Section A-A
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Shear2_03

WSD
Shear Design Summary Shear Diagram : (ton)

29.5
w = 5 t/m
WSD SDM
17
Shear: V = VDL + VLL Shear: Vu = 1.4 VDL + 1.7 VLL
10
Vn = Vu / 4m 2.5 m
Concrete: Vc = 0.29 fc b d Concrete: Vc = 0.53 fc b d

Steel: Vs = V - Vc Steel: Vs = Vn - Vc 2.5 m

-10
Spacing: s = Av fs d / Vs Spacing: s = Av fy d / Vs
-17
Min. Stirrup: smax = Av fy / 3.5 b Min. Stirrup: smax = Av fy / 3.5 b Assume column width = 0.3 m
-29.5
Chk. light shear: V 0.795 fc b d Chk. light shear: Vs 1.1 fc b d @ critical section V = 29.5 5(0.15+0.53) = 26.10 ton
smax d/2 60 cm smax d/2 60 cm Shear strength of concrete Vc = 0.29(280)1/2(40)(53)/1,000 = 10.29 ton
Chk. heavy shear: V 1.32 fc b d Chk. heavy shear: Vs 2.1 fc b d
Required shear strength of steel Vs = 26.10 10.29 = 15.81 ton
smax d/4 30 cm smax d/4 30 cm
Check lightly shear rein. 0.795(280)1/2(40)(53)/1,000 = 28.20 ton > V OK
Shear2_02 Shear2_04
 WSD SDM
Select RB9 : Av = 2(0.636) = 1.27 cm2, fs = 1,200 ksc Select RB9 : Av = 2(0.636) = 1.27 cm2, fy = 2,400 ksc

Stirrup spacing : s = 1.27(1.2)(53)/15.81 = 5.11 cm < [53/2=26.5 cm] < 60 cm Stirrup spacing : s = 1.27(2.4)(53)/30.00 = 5.38 cm < [53/2=26.5 cm] < 60 cm

USE Stirrup RB9 @ 0.05 m USE Stirrup RB9 @ 0.05 m

Shear @ x = 2.5 m, V = 10 ton = 15.8/0.85 = 18.6 ton

Shear @ x = 2.5 m, Vu/

Use min. stirrup : s = 1.27(2,400)/3.5(40) = 21.8 cm < [53/2=26.5 cm] < 60 cm Use min. stirrup : s = 1.27(2,400)/3.5(40) = 21.8 cm < [53/2=26.5 cm] < 60 cm

USE Stirrup RB9 @ 0.20 m USE Stirrup RB9 @ 0.20 m

RB9@0.05 RB9@0.20 RB9@0.05 RB9@0.05 RB9@0.20 RB9@0.05

2.5 m 3.7 m 2.5 m 2.5 m 3.7 m 2.5 m

Shear2_05 Shear2_07

wu = 1.4(2)+1.7(3) = 7.9 t/m SDM

Shear Diagram : (ton) Location of Maximum Shear for the Design of Beams
Pu = 1.4(2)+1.7(5) = 11.3 ton
46.85
wu = 7.9 t/m ACI 11.1.3.1 For nonprestressed members, sections located less than a distance
d from face of support shall be permitted to be designed for Vu computed at a
27.1 distance d.
15.8
4m 2.5 m

2.5 m
-15.8
d d
-27.1
Assume column width = 0.3 m -46.85 d d
@ critical section Vu = 46.85 7.9(0.15+0.53) = 41.48 ton

Shear strength of concrete Vc = 0.53(280)1/2(40)(53)/1,000 = 18.80 ton

Required shear strength of steel Vs = 41.48/0.85 18.80 = 30.00 ton

Shear force diagram for design
Check lightly shear rein. 1.1(280)1/2(40)(53)/1,000 = 39.02 ton > Vs OK
Shear2_06 Shear2_08
Typical support conditions for locating Vu EXAMPLE 6-2 More Detailed Design of Vertical Stirrups SDM

The simple beam supports a uniformly distributed service dead load of 2 t/m, including
d d
its own weight, and a uniformly distributed service live load of 2.5 t/m. Design vertical
Critical section
stirrups for this beam. The concrete strength is 250 ksc, the yield strength of the
Vu Vu Vu flexural reinforcement is 4,000 ksc.

DL = 2 t/m wu = 1.4(2) + 1.7(2.5) = 7.05 t/m

LL = 2.5 t/m
Beam loaded near bottom Beam column joint d = 64 cm wLu = 1.7(2.5) = 4.25 t/m

wuL/2 = 7.05(10)/2 = 32.25 t/m

Critical L = 10 m
30 cm wLuL/8 = 4.25(10)/8 = 5.31 t/m
section

Vu 32.25/0.85 = 37.94 ton

Vu
d Vu/ Diagram : 5.31/0.85 = 6.25 ton
Critical section
Beam with concentrated
load close to support
Beam supported by tension force
Shear2_09 Shear2_11

Shear at Midspan of Uniformly Loaded Beams assume column width = 0.40 cm

Vu / at d = 37.94 (0.84/5)(37.94 6.25) = 32.62 ton
In normal building, the dead load is always present over the full span,
Shear strength of concrete Vc = 0.53 fc b d = 0.53 250 (30)(64) /1,000 = 16.09 ton
the live load may act over the full span, or over part of the span.
LL full span Critical section
DL full span 37.94 t 32.62 t
Required Vs
84 cm
w L
Max. shear @ ends Vu = u 16.09 t
2 Vu/

LL half span w Lu L 8.05 t

Vu = Vc
DL full span 8 0.5Vc 6.25 t

Max. shear @ midspan Support Midspan

w L
Vu = u Is the cross section large enough?
2
w L
Vu = Lu Vn,max = Vc + 2.1 fc b d = 16.09 + 2.1 250 (30)(64) /1,000 = 79.84 > 32.62 ton OK
Shear force envelop : 8
Vc + 1.1 fc b d = 16.09 + 1.1 250 (30)(64) /1,000 = 55.6 > 32.62 ton

smax d / 2 60 cm
Shear2_10 Shear2_12
Minimum stirrup : (ACI 11.5.6.3) USE RB9 : Av = 2(0.636) = 1.27 cm2, fy = 2400 ksc
s=15 cm @ s=29 cm @
bs
A v,min = 0.2 fc (ACI Eq. 11-13) x = 140 cm x = 239 cm
fy
RB9@0.11 RB9@0.15 RB9@0.29
A v fy 1.27(2,400)
Rearranging gives smax = = = 32 cm
0.2 fc b 0.2 250 (30)

A v fy 1.27(2,400)
but not less than smax = = = 29 cm
3.5b 3.5(30) 20 cm 11@11 cm 7@15 cm 8@29 cm
1 cm
Use smax = 29 cm < [d/2 = 64/2 = 32 cm] < 60 cm 500 cm
Support Midspan
Compute stirrup resuired at d from support
RB9 @ 0.11 m : 20+1+11@11 = 142 cm > 140 cm OK
A v fy d 1.27(2.4)(64)
s= = = 11.8 cm
Vu / Vc 32.62 16.09 RB9 @ 0.15 m : 142+7@15 = 247 cm > 239 cm OK

Use RB9@0.11m. Change spacing to s = 15 cm where this is acceptable, and then RB9 @ 0.29 m : 247 + 8@29 = 479 cm
to the maximum spacing of 29 cm.

where s can be increased to 15 cm.

Compute Vu/
Vu A v fyd 1.27(2.4)(64)
= + Vc = + 16.09 = 29.1 ton
s 15 Shear2_13 Shear2_15

Critical section
37.94 t 32.62 t Shear Span (a = M /V )
29.1 t
84 cm Distance a over which the shear is constant
Vu/ Vc = 16.09 t

a P P a
8.05 t
0.5Vc 6.25 t

500 cm V = +P
Support Midspan Shear
Diagram +
x
-
37.94 29.1
x= 500 = 140 cm from support V = -P
37.94 6.25
Change s to 29 cm, compute Vu/ M = Va
Moment
Vu A v fy d 1.27(2.4)(64) Diagram +
= + Vc = + 16.09 = 22.82 ton
s 29
37.94 22.82
x= 500 = 239 cm from support
37.94 6.25 Shear2_14 Shear2_16
Crack Pattern in Several Lengths of Beam
Span DEEP BEAM
Mark (m) a/d
1 0.90 1.0
2 1.15 1.5
3 1.45 2.0
4 1.70 2.5
5 1.95 3.0
6 2.35 4.0
7/1 3.10 5.0
8/1 3.60 6.0
10/1 4.70 8.0
9/1 5.80 7.0

Brunswick Building. Note the deep concrete beams at the top of the ground columns.
These 168-ft beams, supported on four columns and loaded by closely spaced fascia
columns above, are 2 floors deep. Shear stresses and failure mechanisms were
studied on a small concrete model. (Chicago, Illinois)
Shear2_17 Shear2_19

Variation in Shear Strength with a/d for rectangular beams

Flexural moment
Shear-compression strength
strength

Inclined cracking
Failure moment = Va

strength, Vc

Shear-tension and
Deep shear-compression Flexural
beams failures failures

Diagonal tension
failures

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a/d

Shear2_18 Shear2_20
 Deep beams are structural elements loaded as beams in Design Criteria for Shear in Deep Beams
Deep Beams which a significant amount of the load is transferred to the
supports by a compression thrust joining the load and the
Basic Shear Strength: Vn Vu
reaction.
When shear span a = M /V to depth ratio < 2 where Vn = Vc + Vs

Mechanism: Location for Computing Factored Shear:

(a) Simply Supported Beams

Use both horizontal (Critical section located at distance z from face of support)
and vertical may Compressive
struts - z = 0.15Ln d for uniform loading
prevent cracks
- z = 0.50a d for concentrated loading

(b) Continuous Beams

Critical section located at face of support

Limitation on Nominal Shear Strength

If unreinforced,
large cracks may open
Vn,max = 2.7 fc b d
at lower midspan.
Shear2_21 Shear2_23

Definition of Deep Beam Shear Strength of Concrete, Vc

ACI 10.7.1 Deep beams are members loaded on one face and supported on the M V d
Vc = 3.5 2.5 u 0.50 fc + 176 u b d 1.6 fc b d
opposite face so that compression struts can develop between the loads and the Vu d Mu
supports, and have either:
Mu
where 1.0 3.5 2.5 2.5
(a) clear spans, Ln, equal to or less than four times the overall member depth; or Vud

If some minor unsightly cracking is not tolerated, the designer can use

h Ln / h 4
Simplified method: Vc = 0.53 fc b d

Ln
Shear Reinforcement, Vs
(b) regions with concentrated loads within twice the member depth from the face
of the support. A 1 + Ln / d A vh 11 Ln / d
Vs = v + fy d
P
sv 12 sh 12
x < 2h
x h
 Av = 

 
 (.2), Avh = 

   
 (.2)
sv =  
 !  (.), sh =  "
   (.)
Shear2_22 Shear2_24
Minimum Shear Reinforcement (b)  , ('2>#$  $  
$
!< )*( ?(+&,&'%
 a = 1.20 .
d 0.50a = 0.5(1.20) = 0.60
 < [d = 0.90
]
maximum sv 30 cm
5
d
 , ('2>@
 0.60 . ) 42'")*(
maximum sh 30 cm
5
(c) $ 
 "% ?(=
 

 , '2> $  
$
!< )*(! %
and
1.7 LL = 1.7(60) = 102 
minimum A vh = 0.0015 b sh

 $  %
1 ,


 $  
$
!< )*( ?(+&,'23 
(
 , ('2>
minimum A v = 0.0025 b sv Mu 102(60)
= = 0.67
Vu d 102(90)

Mu
'%@;#$ % 1% 3.5 2.5 = 3.5 2.5(0.67) = 1.83 < 2.5 OK
Vu d

V d
v c = 1.83 0.50 fc + 176 u
Mu

4(10.18)
w = = 0.0129
35(90)
Shear2_25 Shear2_27


 5.6 
 
 #$ % &'
(' $  
$ #)*(" $  
176 ( 0.0129 )
+&, ) 60  +  )*(+ &'', % 3.6
 % ',  35 .  %'  1!#2
324 v c = 1.83 0.50 280 +
0.67
d = 90 . +&, fc= 280 ./.2   fy = 4,000 ./.2
60 t 60 t = 1.83[8.37 + 3.39] = 21.5 ./.2 $%&
1.20 m 1.20 m
Upper limit: v c = 1.6 fc = 1.6 240 = 24.8 kg/cm2

$ 
 "%  Vc = vc bw d = 21.5(35)(90)/1,000 = 67.8 

90 cm

4DB36
(d) 
!"
#

Vu 102
5 cm
35@10 = 3.5 m
5 cm
35 cm Required Vn = = = 120 ton
0.85
40 cm 3.6 m 40 cm
Vn,max = 2.7 fc b d = 2.7 280(35)(90) /1,000

 (a) 2) ; '
!< % 1=#$ % 
Ln/d = 360/90 = 4  = 142  > 120  OK

)  Vn
,  > Vc (120 > 67.8) (  , 
 
#2


Shear2_26 Shear2_28
(e) '('&!)'$*'

Av 1 + Ln / d Avh 11 Ln / d Vs
+ = fd
s 12 s2 12 y

#$  Ln/d = 4 : Vs = 120 67.8 = 52.2 

b = 35 .   fy = 4,000 ./.2

A v 5 A vh 7 52.2
+ = = 0.145
sv 12 sh 12 4.0(90)

min Av = 0.0015 b sv max sv = d/5 =18 .

min Avh = 0.0025 b sh max sh = d/5 = 18 .

+&, DB12 ' +  '  +  (,   sh = 18 .
min Avh = 0.0025(35)(18) = 1.58 2
%

+, Avh = 2(1.13) = 2.26 2 > 2.2 2 OK

Shear2_29

A v 5 2.26 7

% Avh + #  + = 0.145
s 12 18 12

Av 12
= [0.145 0.0732] = 0.172
s 5

#$ 
  @ DB12: Av = 2(1.13) = 2.26 2

,  s = 2.26/0.172 = 13.1 . < [d/5 = 18 .] OK

(  +&, DB12
!<
  @

* 12 .  (
&'%

DB12@0.18
90 cm

DB12@0.12

4DB36

30@12 = 3.6 m 35 cm
40 cm 3.6 m 40 cm
Shear2_30