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Summary Class 20mar2015 PDF
Summary Class 20mar2015 PDF
1. Two
big
things
we
would
like
to
know:
(a)
How
much
hydrocarbon
does
the
reservoir
contain
(HCIIP:
Hydrocarbons
Initially
In
Place)
and
(b)
How
much
can
be
recovered
(the
UR:
Ultimate
Recovery)
2. Formula:
a. OIIP:
Area
x
thickness
x
NTG
x
Porosity
x
oil
saturation
b. GIIP:
Area
x
thickness
x
NTG
x
Porosity
x
gas
saturation
c. Ultimate
Recovery:
HCIIP
x
Recovery
Factor
3. Basic
physical
parameters
for
describing
reservoir:
net
reservoir
thickness
(thickness
x
NTG),
porosity,
hydrocarbon
saturation,
and
permeability.
Data
gathering
and
interpretation
basically
is
an
effort
to
discover
the
secrets
of
the
earth.
Method
of
acquisition
can
be
divided
into:
Development
Reservoir:
Data
Gathering
and
Interpretation,
th
Reservoir
Management,
Reservoir
Simulation
Lecture
Notes
20
Mar
2015
/
by
Sylvia
Yusim
1. GO
PAPERLESS..DONT
PRINT
IF
POSSIBLE
2. NEVER
DO
CHEATING!
YOU
NEED
TO
HAVE
INTEGRITY
AND
HONESTY
SINCE
YOUNG!
2. Conventional
coring:
taking
core
with
special
core
bit
"
uses:
for
compatibility
of
injection
fluids,
borehole
stability,
formation
failure/
sand
production,
measure
physical
properties,
depositional
environment
description,
sedimentary
features.
It
is
expensive
because
need
slower
time
than
drilling
bit.
Also,
it
needs
gentle
core
handling
to
do
core
evaluation.
3. Side
wall
sampling:
taking
core
sample
using
explosive
that
is
conveyed
by
wireline.
5. Wireline
logging:
taking
basic
reservoir
rock
properties.
Basic
product:
open
hole
log
data.
It
usually
represent
5-15%
of
total
well
cost.
a. Natural
Gamma
Ray
Tools
(units:
GAPI,
scale:0-150
GAPI/
1-200
GAPI)
Formation
naturally
emits
natural
radioactive
such
as
Kalium,
Uranium,
Thorium.
Quartz/
Carbonates:
have
little/
no
radioactivity.
Shale:
have
naturally
occurring
radioactive
component.
Almost
90%
of
GR
that
coming
to
the
tool
is
came
from
6
from
the
formation.
Key:
Low
GR
"
clean
sand,
High
GR
"
Shale
b. Resistivity
Resistivity
=
1/
Conductivity
Key:
Oil
and
gas
are
more
resistive
than
the
salty
formation
water
Development
Reservoir:
Data
Gathering
and
Interpretation,
th
Reservoir
Management,
Reservoir
Simulation
Lecture
Notes
20
Mar
2015
/
by
Sylvia
Yusim
1. GO
PAPERLESS..DONT
PRINT
IF
POSSIBLE
2. NEVER
DO
CHEATING!
YOU
NEED
TO
HAVE
INTEGRITY
AND
HONESTY
SINCE
YOUNG!
c. Density
Concept:
1. Source
generate
radioactive
2. The
particles
interact
with
the
surrounding
formation
creates
gamma
radiation,
and
detectors
on
the
sonde
pick
up
the
resulting
signals.
3. Gamma
radiation
is
absorbed
proportionally
to
the
density
of
the
formation.
d. Neutron
Concept:
1. Source
generate
high
energy
neutron
2. Because
hydrogen
has
about
the
same
mass
as
a
neutron,
hydrogen
is
the
most
efficient
element
to
slow
down
the
neutron.
3. Amount
of
neutron
that
is
received
in
detector
is
inversed
proportionally
to
the
porosity.
The
more
the
collisions
in
formation,
fewer
neutron
reach
detector,
more
hydrogen
(higher
hydrogen
index),
and
more
fluid
filled,
more
porosity
Development
Reservoir:
Data
Gathering
and
Interpretation,
th
Reservoir
Management,
Reservoir
Simulation
Lecture
Notes
20
Mar
2015
/
by
Sylvia
Yusim
1. GO
PAPERLESS..DONT
PRINT
IF
POSSIBLE
2. NEVER
DO
CHEATING!
YOU
NEED
TO
HAVE
INTEGRITY
AND
HONESTY
SINCE
YOUNG!
6. Formation
Tester:
Pressure
and
Mobility
7. Fluid
Sampling:
Collect
samples
from
a
formation,
bring
them
to
surface,
and
analyze
them
insitu
or
in
a
laboratory.
Objective:
To
maximize
hydrocarbon
recovery
in
safely,
economically,
and
timely
manner.
We
can
manage
different
aspects
as
the
picture
below.
In
this
lecture,
it
is
limited
only
from
subsurface
reservoir
management
point
of
view.
Managing
the
subsurface:
gathering
data,
monitoring,
gathering
other
data
sets,
and
updating
the
strategy.
Development
Reservoir:
Data
Gathering
and
Interpretation,
th
Reservoir
Management,
Reservoir
Simulation
Lecture
Notes
20
Mar
2015
/
by
Sylvia
Yusim
1. GO
PAPERLESS..DONT
PRINT
IF
POSSIBLE
2. NEVER
DO
CHEATING!
YOU
NEED
TO
HAVE
INTEGRITY
AND
HONESTY
SINCE
YOUNG!
Primary
and
secondary
recovery
(conventional
recovery)
targets
the
mobile
oil
in
the
reservoir
and
tertiary
recovery,
or
EOR,
targets
the
immobile
oil
(that
cannot
be
produced
due
to
capillary
and/or
viscous
forces).
Primary
and
secondary
recovery
(conventional
recovery)
targets
the
mobile
oil
in
the
reservoir
and
tertiary
recovery,
or
EOR,
targets
the
immobile
oil
(that
cannot
be
produced
due
to
capillary
and/or
viscous
forces).
Water-wet
system
and
Oil-wet
system
Part
3:
Reservoir
Simulation
Simulation
is
one
of
the
most
powerful
tools
for
guiding
reservoir
management
decisions.
Keyword:
What
if
??
Production Simulation
History
matching
is
the
act
of
adjusting
a
reservoir
model
until
its
simulated
production
response
closely
reproduces
past
behaviour.
Once
a
reservoir
model
has
been
history
matched,
it
can
be
used
to
simulate
future
reservoir
behaviour.