SAMSUNG WOWS

TECH CROWDS WITH

GALAXY S8 HANDSETS

50

CYBORGS AT WORK: TRUMP SIGNS BILL

EMPLOYEES GETTING BLOCKING ONLINE
IMPLANTED WITH PRIVACY REGULATION
MICROCHIPS

40
NASA SPACECRAFT
HALFWAY BETWEEN PLUTO
AND NEXT SMALLER STOP

16 120
 YOUTUBE TV HAS SOME NIFTY FEATURES - AND SOME BIG DRAWBACKS 08

NATIONAL ARCHIVES TO WHITE HOUSE: SAVE ALL TRUMP TWEETS 26

HACKED NEW YORK POST APP SENDS OUT HEIL PRESIDENT ALERT 32

PRIVACY CONCERN RAISED OVER SEARCH SERVICE ON VERIZON PHONES 34

SHARES IN UK CHIPMAKER DIVE 60 PCT AFTER APPLE ENDS CONTRACT 46

INVENTOR OF WORLD WIDE WEB WINS COMPUTINGS NOBEL PRIZE 66

VERIZON TO TAKE OATH AS NEW COMPANY TO RUN YAHOO, AOL 74

FACEBOOK LOSES SEARCH WARRANT CHALLENGE IN NEW YORK COURT 78

LANES AT NEWARK AIRPORT AUTOMATICALLY RETRIEVE LUGGAGE BINS 80

BOX OFFICE TOP 20: BOSS BABY TAKES DOWN DISNEYS BEAUTY 104

FIRST ON THE MARTIAN MENU: SPUDS 114

A SCI-FI CANCER THERAPY FIGHTS BRAIN TUMORS, STUDY FINDS 124

BRAIN AND ARM IMPLANTS HELP PARALYZED US MAN FEED HIMSELF 132

THEN AND NOW: HOW GLACIERS AROUND THE WORLD ARE MELTING 148

MONTANA JOINS OTHERS IN EFFORT TO BOLSTER INTERNET PRIVACY 162

CANADIAN ACCUSED IN YAHOO HACK HAS BAIL HEARING 166

TOP 10 APPS 84
iTUNES REVIEW 88
TOP 10 SONGS 138
TOP 10 ALBUMS 140
TOP 10 MUSIC VIDEOS 142
TOP 10 TV SHOWS 144
TOP 10 BOOKS 146
8
 YOUTUBE TV
HAS SOME NIFTY
FEATURES - AND
SOME BIG
DRAWBACKS

YouTube TV, Googles new streaming package

of about 40 television channels, is the tech
industrys latest bid to get cable-shunning
millennials to pay for live TV over the internet.
It offers intriguing advantages over rivals, but it
remains hobbled by a limited channel selection.

Dont confuse the YouTube service, which

debuts Wednesday, with Netflix, Amazon
Prime and other streaming offerings. Like
similar efforts from Sony, Dish and AT&Ts
DirecTV , YouTube TV primarily aims to let you
channel surf over the internet, not to stream
from an online library of shows and movies.
So these internet-cable services can offer live
programming, especially sports.

9
But they also come with some serious
drawbacks. While these services are typically
cheaper than traditional cable or satellite
services, people havent been signing up in
droves. Google is targeting viewers who have
never subscribed to cable or satellite TV and
are just as happy to get all their video from the
internet; getting them to cough up $35 a month
could be a hard sell.

Google aims to lure subscribers with more

sophisticated program search, personalized
recommendations and a more fully featured
online DVR than rival services offer. But it faces
many of the limitations its rivals have.

YouTube TV, for instance, features staples such as

ESPN and major broadcast networks, but lacks
key networks such as PBS, CNN and Comedy
Central. And it will initially be only available in a
handful of major U.S. cities because media rights
are still stuck in the 20th century .

WHAT YOU GET ... AND WHAT YOU DONT

YouTube TV offers plenty of live sports, one of
the chief reasons people stick with cable. Pick
a team, and the service automatically records
all the televised games it can find. Available
channels include ESPN, Big Ten and sports
networks from Comcast, Fox and CBS - but not
Turner networks such as TBS and others that
aired the bulk of March Madness. New York Mets
fans wont get baseball games on SNY.

YouTube also has the youth-oriented Freeform

and CW networks; its rivals lack The CW. AMC
is coming in a few weeks, so youll have to wait
to catch up on the just-ended season of The
Walking Dead.

10
Image: Gian Ehrenzeller
11
Since most channel numbers and names are
meaningless in a digital world, YouTube TV
arranges live channels by topic, starting with
broadcast networks, sports, youth-oriented
channels, then everything else. Subscriptions
are initially limited to New York, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and the San Francisco Bay
Area - all locations where YouTube could get
rights to local ABC, CBS, Fox and NBC stations.

SEARCH PARTY
As youd expect from Google, search is one of
YouTubes big selling points. Its rivals already
offer search by shows and sometimes by actors;
YouTube adds topical searches, such as aliens
or road trips.

Unfortunately, its still a work in progress. A

search for nerd comedy brings up The Big
Bang Theory, but comedy about nerds does
not. And a search for Modern Family episode
on basketball doesnt bring up the episode
titled Basketball.

YouTube could also stand to take a cue from

TiVo recorders and let you automatically record
all programs featuring, say, Jennifer Lawrence,
including her talk-show appearances. You can
search for Jennifer Lawrence, but you need to go
through the results and choose shows to record
individually - too much work for a service that
promises simplicity.

One big plus: YouTubes unlimited DVR will store

recordings for nine months, long enough for entire
seasons of network shows. Sonys PlayStation
Vue - the only similar service offering an unlimited
online DVR - offers only 28 days of storage,
nowhere near enough for binge-watching.

12
13
14
YouTube TV works on phones, tablets and laptop
browsers. Watching on an actual TV requires
Googles Chromecast, an inexpensive streaming
stick you control with your phone. (Early
subscribers get one for free.)

ABOUT YOUR PRIVACY

This being Google, your viewing and search
histories might be mined for targeted
advertising. You can suspend tracking in the
settings, though that will hinder personalized
recommendations. (Its too early to tell if
thats a loss or not, though some of the early
recommendations have been spot on.)

You can share your subscription with five friends

or relatives in your household, with three
simultaneous streams allowed. No need to share
passwords; they sign in with their own Google
accounts. Recordings and recommendations are
kept separate, so your roommates cant make
fun of you for bingeing The Real Housewives.

15
 Image: Nigel Treblin
16
 CYBORGS
AT WORK:
EMPLOYEES
GETTING
IMPLANTED WITH
MICROCHIPS

The syringe slides in between the thumb and

index finger. Then, with a click, a microchip
is injected in the employees hand. Another
cyborg is created.

What could pass for a dystopian vision of the

workplace is almost routine at the Swedish
startup hub Epicenter. The company offers to
implant its workers and startup members with
microchips the size of grains of rice that function
as swipe cards: to open doors, operate printers,
or buy smoothies with a wave of the hand.

The injections have become so popular that

workers at Epicenter hold parties for those
willing to get implanted.

The biggest benefit I think is convenience,

said Patrick Mesterton, co-founder and CEO of
Epicenter. As a demonstration, he unlocks a door

17
18
by merely waving near it. It basically replaces
a lot of things you have, other communication
devices, whether it be credit cards or keys.

The technology in itself is not new. Such

chips are used as virtual collar plates for pets.
Companies use them to track deliveries. Its just
never been used to tag employees on a broad
scale before. Epicenter and a handful of other
companies are the first to make chip implants
broadly available.

And as with most new technologies, it raises

security and privacy issues. While biologically
safe, the data generated by the chips can show
how often an employee comes to work or
what they buy. Unlike company swipe cards
or smartphones, which can generate the same
data, a person cannot easily separate themselves
from the chip.

Of course, putting things into your body is quite

a big step to do and it was even for me at first,
said Mesterton, remembering how he initially
had had doubts.

But then on the other hand, I mean, people

have been implanting things into their body,
like pacemakers and stuff to control your heart,
he said. Thats a way, way more serious thing
than having a small chip that can actually
communicate with devices.

Epicenter, which is home to more than 100

companies and some 2,000 workers, began
implanting workers in January 2015. Now, about
150 workers have them. A company based in
Belgium also offers its employees such implants,
and there are isolated cases around the world
where tech enthusiasts have tried this out in
recent years.

19
20
The small implants use Near Field
Communication (NFC) technology, the same as
in contactless credit cards or mobile payments.
When activated by a reader a few centimeters
(inches) away, a small amount of data flows
between the two devices via electromagnetic
waves. The implants are passive, meaning they
contain information that other devices can read,
but cannot read information themselves.

Ben Libberton, a microbiologist at Stockholms

Karolinska Institute, says hackers could
conceivably gain huge swathes of information
from embedded microchips. The ethical
dilemmas will become bigger the more
sophisticated the microchips become.

The data that you could possibly get from a

chip that is embedded in your body is a lot
different from the data that you can get from a
smartphone, he says. Conceptually you could
get data about your health, you could get data
about your whereabouts, how often youre
working, how long youre working, if youre
taking toilet breaks and things like that.

Libberton said that if such data is collected, the

big question remains of what happens to it, who
uses it, and for what purpose.

So far, Epicenters group of cyborgs doesnt

seem too concerned.

People ask me; Are you chipped? and I say; Yes,

why not, said Fredric Kaijser, the 47-year-old
chief experience officer at Epicenter. And they
all get excited about privacy issues and what
that means and so forth. And for me its just a
matter of I like to try new things and just see it as
more of an enabler and what that would bring
into the future.

21
22
The implants have become so popular that
Epicenter workers stage monthly events where
attendees have the option of being chipped
for free.

That means visits from self-described body

hacker Jowan Osterlund from Biohax Sweden
who performs the operation.

He injects the implants - using pre-loaded syringes

- into the fleshy area of the hand, just next to the
thumb. The process lasts a few seconds, and more
often than not there are no screams and barely a
drop of blood. The next step for electronics is to
move into the body, he says.

Sandra Haglof, 25, who works for Eventomatic,

an events company that works with Epicenter,
has had three piercings before, and her left hand
barely shakes as Osterlund injects the small chip.

I want to be part of the future, she laughs.

23
26
 NATIONAL
ARCHIVES TO
WHITE HOUSE:
SAVE ALL TRUMP
TWEETS

The National Archives and Records

Administration has told the White House to
keep each of President Donald Trumps tweets,
even those he deletes or corrects, and the White
House has agreed.

The head of the archives, David S. Ferriero, told

two Democratic senators in a letter last week
that the White House has assured him its saving
all Trumps Twitter blasts.

The archives contacted the White House about

the matter because the Presidential Records Act
requires such correspondence to be preserved
for history. Ferriero did not say when the agency
contacted White House officials to remind them
about the records requirement, but officials
briefed the White House counsels office about
the law on Feb. 2, according to the archivists
letter to Sens. Claire McCaskill of Missouri and
Tom Carper of Delaware.

The archivists letter, dated March 30,

doesnt describe precisely how the White
House is saving Trumps tweets. The Obama
Image: J. David Ake
27
administration used an automated system to
keep copies of President Barack Obamas tweets.

McCaskill and Carper raised the issue of Trumps

tweets in early March following a spate of
instances in which Trump had deleted or altered
earlier tweets. The two senators had previously
raised concerns about Trumps tweets in a letter
to White House counsel Don McGahn.

The two senators also pressed the archives for

information about reports that some White
House staffers had been ordered to avoid emails
or use smartphone apps that do not preserve
emails because of Trump administration
concerns about leaks to the media. Ferriero
told them he was aware of those press reports
but said that White House guidance to all
employees expressly forbids the use of such
apps. Ferriero also said he was not aware of
government officials who have been instructed
to avoid using email as a method of work-
related communication.

Trumps almost-daily use of his official White

House Twitter account and his separate private
Twitter account has been heavily scrutinized by
the media and by political friends and foes since
his November election and even more so since
his inauguration.

Three minutes before he took the oath of office

in January, Trump tweeted from his private
account that he was honered to serve you, the
great American people, as your 45th President
of the United States. The misspelled word in the
tweet was later altered to honored and then
the tweet was deleted entirely.

Unlike the archives clear guidance on saving

Trumps tweets, the agency has not provided

28
Image: Carlo Allegri
29
30
any guidance to government agencies about
preserving communications to and from Trumps
smartphones and agencies have not requested
guidance, Ferriero said.

The two senators raised concerns with

Defense Secretary Jim Mattis about whether
communications from Trumps old smartphone
were being preserved. Trump reportedly replaced
his old unsecured Android smartphone with
a secured iPhone but continued using the
unsecured phone for tweeting through late March.

The senators had also written to McGahn in

February, asking about reports that at least four
senior Trump White House officials maintained
active email accounts on a private email system.
Newsweek had reported in January that senior
adviser and Trump son-in-law Jared Kushner,
chief strategist Steve Bannon, counselor
Kellyanne Conway and press secretary Sean
Spicer all were using private email accounts on a
Republican National Committee system.

Trump repeatedly criticized Democratic

president opponent Hillary Clinton for her
extensive use of private emails when she was
secretary of state in the Obama administration.

According to an agenda of the Feb. 2 briefing

with White House officials, archives general
counsel Gary M. Stern and John Laster, director
of the agencys presidential materials division,
explained that the president and White House
counsel were solely responsible for managing
presidential records.

The role of the archives, they added, is mostly

advisory, but presidential records can only be
disposed of after the White House consults the
archivist in writing.

31
32
 HACKED NEW
YORK POST APP
SENDS OUT HEIL
PRESIDENT ALERT

The New York Post app has been hacked on April

Fools Day, sending out push alert notifications
that included Heil President Donald Trump.

The Post apologized Saturday night, shortly after

its app sent out a series of alerts. The Post said
in a follow-up alert: Our push alert notification
system was compromised this evening. We are
working to resolve the issue. Please accept our
apologies.

The messages appeared directed at Trump. One

message said, Open your heart to those you do
not understand and listen to all those you fear
and look down upon.

The alerts even included lyrics from Nirvanas

song Come As You Are: Take your time, hurry
up, the choice is yours, but dont be late...

The Post is owned by Trump-friendly media

mogul Rupert Murdoch.
Image: Scott Olson
33
34
 PRIVACY
CONCERN RAISED
OVER SEARCH
SERVICE ON
VERIZON PHONES

Is Verizon planning to spy on its customers?

You might conclude that it is after reading

Verizons privacy policy on an upcoming
AppFlash service, which promises easier access
to search and apps on Android phones. The
policy says Verizon may share data on features
and services you use, along with the list of apps
you have installed on your phone, with other
Verizon businesses to target ads.

The privacy watchdog Electronic Frontier

Foundation described AppFlash as spyware.

35
Not so fast, Verizon says. In a statement to clarify
its intentions, Verizon says users must explicitly
grant permission before using AppFlash. Verizon
says customers will be able to easily disable the
service, and no one will be required to use it.

The statement, however, doesnt say exactly

what permission Verizon is seeking. The
privacy policy says users can control AppFlashs
access to your location and contact information,
but says nothing about giving control over
broader usage data. At most, users can turn off
ad tracking on the phone by digging through
the settings.

The EFF has since retracted Thursdays blog post,

pending further investigation. The group had
said AppFlash represents Verizons intention to
start monetizing its customers private data as
soon as possible. The post came just days after
Congress voted to block Obama-era restrictions
on what internet-access companies like Verizon
could do with information about you.

Verizon has gotten heat over user privacy before.

Last year, Verizon agreed to pay a $1.35 million
fineover a supercookie that federal regulators
said followed phone customers on the internet
without their permission.

The complaints come as Verizon evolves into

an advertising business, with the purchase of
AOL in 2015 and the upcoming acquisition of
Yahoos internet businesses. Verizon, in knowing
what web sites and apps you use, could charge
companies more for ads that are targeted to
your personal habits.

Android phones and iPhones already come with

search services similar to AppFlash. The main
difference is when people use AppFlash, Verizon

36
37
38
 gets more data on your interactions and can
target ads accordingly.

AppFlash is a Verizon-branded version of Evie

Launcher, which people can already get through
the Android app store. After installation, one
swipe from a phone edge brings up a search
bar; one search pulls content from the web
and installed apps at once. For instance, after
searching for the movie Beauty and the Beast,
Evie offers one-tap access to buy tickets through
Fandango or to read reviews through IMDB or
Rotten Tomatoes.

Verizon says AppFlash will be tested initially on a

single phone, LGs K20 V. Verizon has offered no
details on its plans beyond that, though the app
is for Android only and Apple forbids carriers
from shipping iPhones with their own apps
already installed.

While Verizon promises to seek permission, its

not yet known how Verizon will do that and
how clear it will be in explaining whats being
collected and how it will be used.

Evie Launcher does ask permission to access

location and contact information, and you can
say no. It also asks for permission to replace the
regular home screen experience for launching
individual apps. However, Evie says nothing
about privacy during the setup; its privacy policy
online says personal information such as usage
activity and search queries will be collected, but
not shared with third parties.

For those who use AppFlash, Verizon says data

collected may be shared with other Verizon
businesses for ad targeting. AOL, which Verizon
owns, can place ads tailored web users on many
other sites, too.
Image: Vadym Drobot
39
40
 TRUMP SIGNS
BILL BLOCKING
ONLINE PRIVACY
REGULATION

After his press secretary blasted it as an

example of rampant government overreach,
President Donald Trump signed a bill into law
Monday that could eventually allow internet
providers to sell information about their
customers browsing habits.

The bill scraps a Federal Communications

Commission online privacy regulation issued in
October to give consumers more control over
how companies like Comcast, AT&T and Verizon
share that information. Critics have argued that
the rule would stifle innovation and pick winners
and losers among internet companies.

The regulation was scheduled to take effect later

this year, but Congress used its authority under
the obscure Congressional Review Act to wipe it
from the books.

41
With a Republican president in the White
House, the GOP-controlled Congress has
turned to the 20-year-old law to scrap
numerous regulations that Republicans say
are costly, burdensome or excessive, many of
which were finalized in the closing months of
Democrat Barack Obamas presidency.

Internet companies like Google dont have to ask

their users for permission before tracking what
sites they visit, a discrepancy that Republicans
and industry group have blasted as both unfair
to companies and confusing to consumers.

White House press secretary Sean Spicer said

last week that the presidents support for the bill
was part of a larger effort to fight Washington
red tape that stifles American innovation, job
creation and economic growth.

The president pledged to reverse this type

of federal overreach in which bureaucrats in
Washington take the interest of one group of
companies over the interest of others, picking
the winners and losers, he said.

Supporters of the privacy measure argued

that the company that sells an internet
connection can see even more about
consumers, such as every website they visit
and whom they exchange emails with,
information that would be particularly useful for
advertisers and marketers.

Undoing the regulation leaves peoples online

information in a murky area. Experts say federal
law still requires broadband providers to protect
customer information - but it doesnt spell out
how or what companies must do, which is what
the online privacy rule aimed to do.

42
43
 Image: Alex Wong
44
The absence of clear privacy rules means
companies that supply internet service, and who
can monitor how consumers use it, can continue
to mine that information for use in their own
advertising businesses. Consumer advocates
also worry that the companies will be a rich
target for hackers.

Ajit Pai, the agency chairman appointed

by Trump, has said he wanted to roll back
the broadband privacy rules. Pai and other
Republicans want a different federal agency,
the Federal Trade Commission, to police privacy
for both broadband companies like AT&T and
internet companies like Google.

Broadband providers dont fall under the trade

commissions jurisdiction, and advocates say
that agency historically has been weaker than
the communications commission.

Trump signed three other bills, including one

that eliminates a rule that prohibited the use of
tactics like baiting and shooting bears from the
air on the National Wildlife Refuges in Alaska.

The bills are S.J. Res 34 and H.J. Res 69

45
46
 SHARES IN UK
CHIPMAKER DIVE
60 PCT AFTER
APPLE ENDS
CONTRACT

Shares in chipmaker Imagination Technologies

plunged over 60 percent last Monday after the
British company announced that Apple plans to
stop using its products.

The development highlights how, through its

sheer size, Apples decisions can make or break
the fortune of entire companies that work with it.

Imagination, a multimedia, processor and

communications technology company, said
Apple Inc. will no longer use the groups
intellectual property in its new products within
two years. That would mean the company
wouldnt be eligible for royalty payments under
existing agreements.

Imagination says Apple has for years used the

companys technology in the graphics processor
units of its phones, tablets and watches but
has asserted that it is working on a separate,
independent design to control its products.

Imagination said it would be extremely

challenging for Apple to design a new product

47
without infringing Imaginations intellectual
property rights.

Accordingly Imagination does not accept

Apples assertions, the company said.

There are longer-term issues than the loss of

royalties and license fees, which amounted to
60.7 million pounds last year.

Nick Kounoupias, a London-based intellectual

property expert, pointed to Imaginations
assertion that Apple has not provided any
evidence to back its assertion that it can do
without Imaginations technology without
violating its intellectual property rights, patents
and confidential information. To defend its
rights, Imagination may ultimately have to sue
the worlds biggest publicly traded company.

Kounoupias described Apples behavior as sinister.

The reason its sinister is because big

companies have a habit of doing what they like
and then hiding behind deeper pockets than
their opponents, he said.

Shares in Imagination Technologies closed down

62 percent at 103 pence in London. That cut its
market value from 759 million pounds to just 290
million pounds ($950 million to $360 million).

That will hurt its main investors, including

London-based asset managers Baillie Gifford,
which bought about 34 million shares three years
ago and currently owns an 11.6 percent stake.

Apple itself owns 8 percent of the company,

which would have resulted in a book
loss of almost $50 million - a sum easily
absorbed by the tech giant, itself worth
$750 billion.

48
49
50
51
HOW THE iPHONE 8 COULD BUILD UPON
AND LEAPFROG THE S8
Its always exciting when Samsung unveils new
flagship phones. The South Korean electronics
giant is, after all, considered Apples only major
rival in the smartphone game. However, with
the recently announced Galaxy S8 and Galaxy
S8+, Samsung has positioned itself as a likely
frontrunner in what could be another paradigm
shift in smartphone design and technology - and,
so rumor and speculation suggest, Apple should
soon be joining that revolution with the iPhone 8.

IMPRESSIVE SMARTPHONES, BUT ARE

SOME CRACKS SHOWING?
For those smartphone users entrenched in
the Samsung and Android ecosystems, there
is a lot to like about the Galaxy S8 and Galaxy
S8+. The display, in particular, will make a big
impression. The display sizes - 5.8-inch and 6.2-
inch, respectively - have been bumped up from
the 5.1-inch and 5.5-inch panel sizes of last years
Galaxy S7 and Galaxy S7 Edge. However, the
handsets overall arent significantly larger, with
significantly shrunken bezels leaving the screen
taking up 83% of the face.

What has similarly helped is that the Galaxy

S range has now completely done away with
flat displays. The S8 and S8+ both integrate
screens that curve at the sides, allowing all
owners to take advantage of the software
features designed for use with those curves but
previously reserved for Samsungs Edge and
Note phones. Samsung has also given the S8 a
Samsung-specific virtual assistant, Bixby, plus
facial recognition technology and a relocated
fingerprint sensor.
Image: Drew Angerer
52
53
54
However, all three features come with caveats
that have prevented Samsung earning entirely
universal acclaim from critics despite their
clearly favorable early impressions. Bixby -
Samsungs rival to Apples Siri - has particularly
glaring shortcomings. In a hands-on article
for CNET, Jessica Dolcourt calls Bixby a
mishmash of voice assistant, Google Now cards
and Google Goggles optical recognition that
is confusing, limited and, at this admittedly
embryonic stage, very incomplete.

THE S8S CRACKS START

LOOKING BIGGER
Dolcourt has also taken issue with the
fingerprint readers placing, which has been
moved to the phones back. While this shift has
apparently been necessitated by Samsungs
pursuit of much thinner front bezels, the precise
positioning looks sloppy; Dolcourt has remarked
that it sits so close to the rear camera that I fear
youll smudge the lens when youre just trying
to unlock the phone. This has actually occurred
during tests of a pre-final unit, she added.

Meanwhile, despite introducing facial

recognition into its phones for the first time,
Samsung is taking only tentative steps with
technology that, the company has admitted,
cant entirely replace fingerprint recognition
just yet. It can currently only be used to unlock
the phone; the ability to make Samsung Pay
payments in this way has been omitted. This
is understandable given that one YouTube
user has already managed to fool the
technology with an image of his face,
AppleInsider notes.

55
 Image: Drew Angerer
56
57
58
ANOTHER ROUND IN APPLES YEARS-
LONG FIGHT WITH SAMSUNG
Dolcourt phrases it well as she concludes: For
now, Im cautiously optimistic about the S8
as an all-rounder that helps Samsung recover
from its charred reputation. The scandal, which
unfolded just last year, of exploding Galaxy
Note 7 devices has likely induced caution in
Samsung itself. However, the S8s obvious
drawbacks have left it looking like something
of an unfinished revolution that Apple could
more fully realize with the iPhone 8 expected
to arrive later this year.

Apple and Samsung have a long history of

fierce competition, and not just in endeavoring
to outperform the other in smartphone
technology, innovation, and sales. In January,
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Court
reopened the legal dispute in which Apple
has, for years, accused Samsung of copying
the iPhones design for the Galaxy S phones.
While, by now, it has been ruled that Samsung
did infringe Apple patents, there remains
disagreement over how much in damages the
South Korean giant should pay its American-
headquartered rival.

Digital Trends recently chronicled the history

of the spat - the genesis of which was sown
in 2010, when Apple warned Samsung that
its smartphones and tablets were infringing
Apple patents. The next year, Apple launched
its lawsuit against Samsung - and, while a U.S.-
based trial court jury awarded the Cupertino
firm damages of $1 billion in 2012, this amount
has been repeatedly revised by subsequent
trials. In 2015, Samsung agreed to hand over

59
60
$548 million; however, it has challenged its
requirement to pay $399 million of this, deeming
that figure excessive.

HOW THE iPHONE 8S QUALITY COULD

SURPASS THE GALAXY S8S
Over a hundred designers and educators back
Apple in this legal tussle, while numerous
Silicon Valley companies, intellectual property
professors, and non-profits support Samsung.
Thus, its not obvious when this case should
finally come to a close. However, it could be in the
smartphone market that Apple will get to enjoy
a crucial triumph over Samsung much sooner.
This is because, with the iPhone 8, Apple looks
capable of filling many of the holes that Samsung
left gaping in the Galaxy S8 and Galaxy S8+.

Like the S8, the iPhone 8 is expected to

considerably trim the bezels. As 9to5Mac
notes, the iPhone 8 should have a stainless
steel frame holding together a glass casing,
resulting in a design much like that of the
iPhone 4. In pursuing Jony Ives goal for an
iPhone resembling a single slab of glass,
Apple should embed the Home button into the
display. However, this wouldnt have to mean
relocating the Touch ID sensor to the back, S8-
style. A patent recently awarded to Apple and
reported by 9to5Mac shows how ultrasonic
imaging could help keep the sensor front-facing.

61
62
The iPhone 8 could also better the S8 in respect
of camera features. Despite the dual-lens rear
camera having proved one of the biggest
selling points of the iPhone 7 Plus, Samsung has
chosen to stick with a single-lens rear camera
for both S8 models. Furthermore, following
recent reports that the iPhone 8 will integrate
3D-sensing camera technology, Apple could
use this to implement facial recognition that,
compared to the S8s, is less likely to be tricked
by mere images of faces. It could instead scan
the depth of field and so discern when a face
seems peculiarly flat...

63
64
AUGMENTED REALITY: THE iPHONE 8S
BIGGEST SECRET WEAPON?
Thats before we even move onto what could be
the most obvious reason for Apple to give the
iPhone 3D-sensing cameras: augmented reality.
Apple CEO Tim Cook has not been shy about
his companys enthusiasm for this emerging
technology, which allows images and graphics
to be laid over a view of the real world that, in
an iPhone, could obviously be camera-captured.
In an interview with The Independent, Cook
called AR a big idea like the smartphone,
clarifying that the two are not about a certain
demographic, or country or vertical market, but
instead for everyone.

Its still not obvious that Apple is indeed

planning to start rolling out AR features with
the iPhone 8. Cook has cautioned that there
are things to discover before that technology
is good enough for the mainstream. However,
Samsung has continued its trend of copying
Apple - with such moves as the plus in the
larger S8 models name and introducing a blue
color like that previously rumored for the
iPhone. A strikingly-designed iPhone 8 with
AR features at the forefront could help Apple to,
with its innovation drive, leap past Samsung and
once again leave it in the dust.

by Benjamin Kerry & Gavin

65
66
 INVENTOR OF
WORLD WIDE
WEB WINS
COMPUTINGS
NOBEL PRIZE

Most people who search on Google, share on

Facebook and shop on Amazon have never
heard of Sir Tim Berners-Lee. But they might
not be doing any of those things had he not
invented the World Wide Web.

Berners-Lee, 61, is this years recipient of the

A.M. Turing Award, computings version of the
Nobel Prize.

The award, announced Tuesday by the

Association for Computing Machinery, marks
another pinnacle for the British native, who has
already been knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and
named as one of the 100 most important people
of the 20th Century by Time magazine.
Image: Philippe Desmazes
67
Its a crowning achievement, Berners-Lee
said in an interview with The Associated
Press. But I think the award is for the Web
as a project, and the massive international
collaborative spirit of all that have joined
me to help.

The honor comes with a $1 million

prize funded by Google, one of many
companies that made a fortune as a result
of Berners-Lees efforts to make the internet
more accessible. He managed that largely by
figuring out a simple way to post documents,
pictures and video - everything, really, beyond
plain text - online.

SPINNING THE WEB

Starting in 1989, Berners-Lee began working
on ways digital object could be identified and
retrieved through browser software capable
of rendering graphics and other images. In
August 1991, he launched the worlds first
website, http://info.cern.ch.

Besides coming up with the webs technical

specifications, Berners-Lee offered a coherent
vision of how each of these elements would
work together as part of an integrated whole,
said Vicki Hanson, president of the Association
for Computing Machinery.

In an even more significant move, Berners-Lee

decided against patenting his technology and
instead offered it as royalty-free software. That
allowed other programmers to build upon the
foundation hed laid, spawning more than a
billion websites today that have helped lure
more than 3 billion people online.

68
Image: Charles Krupa
69
CAUGHT IN THE WEB
The webs widespread appeal gratifies
Berners-Lee, who now splits his time
shuttling between the U.S. and Britain as a
professor at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and the University of Oxford.

But he fears parts of the web will become

less accessible in the U.S. if the Federal
Communication Commission dismantles
regulations protecting net neutrality.
Thats the principle that internet service
providers should treat all websites equally
instead of favoring some destinations that
might be willing to pay for special treatment.

If the Trump administration tries to dump

net neutrality, its going to have a fight on its
hands because I think the American people
realize its important, Berners-Lee said. It
allowed America to benefit from a thriving
internet market for connectivity and content.
It has become part of the spirit of America.

Berners-Lee also worries about

governments around the world using the
internet as a surveillance tool, calling it a
recurrent threat. He admits that preserving
personal privacy as technology advances
remains a thorny problem, one that he
doesnt have a ready solution for. But figuring
that out is really important to the future of
society, he says.

As an individual, I should be able to keep

my own notes, keep my own journal and
not share it with anybody. That is just part of
being a person.

70
71
72
BEYOND THE WEB
Like several other prominent figures in
technology, Berners-Lee isnt sure if humanity will
be better or worse off as computers grow better
at thinking like people via artificial intelligence.

Computing has grown exponentially more

powerful, so Its only logical that it will get to
the point when computers will become smarter
than us, Berners-Lee said. So, yes, we should
logically think about those consequences.

This is the 50th anniversary of the A.M. Turing

award, named after English computer scientist
Alan Turing, whose revolutionary work with early
computers and artificial intelligence helped
crack Nazi Germanys codes during World War
II. Previous award winners include Vint Cerf and
Robert Kahn, who did some of the pioneering
work on the internet that Berners-Lee spun into
the World Wide Web.

73
74
 VERIZON TO TAKE
OATH AS NEW
COMPANY TO
RUN YAHOO, AOL

Verizon Communications will create a new

company called Oath after it completes its
$4.5 billion acquisition of Yahoo and melds
the troubled internet company with its
AOL operations.

Oath will oversee Yahoo and AOL after the deal

is completed. The Yahoo and AOL brands are
expected to survive, although Verizon says it
wont provide any details about its plans for
Oath until this summer.

You can bet we will be launching one of the

most disruptive brand companies in digital, AOL
said in a Monday statement.

Tim Armstrong, AOLs top executive, posted a

tweet indicating Oath will manage more than 20
different brands.

75
76
Verizon is counting on the combination of Yahoo
and AOL to help it sell more digital ads, even
though the two internet pioneers had been
struggling on their own.

Yahoo originally agreed to sell its online

operations to Verizon for $4.8 billion after years
of unsuccessful attempts to boosts its revenue.
It had to slash the price after discovering
that two separate hacking attacks had stolen
personal information from more than 1 billion
user accounts.

The security breakdown marked the two

biggest breaches in internet history, raising
concerns that people might start using Yahoo
less frequently and reduce the opportunities to
show ads.

Verizon plans to take over Yahoos email and

other online operations sometime between
now and June 30. After the deal closes, Yahoos
cash and lucrative stakes in Asian internet
companies Alibaba Group and Yahoo Japan
will be controlled by another new company
called Altaba.

77
78
 FACEBOOK LOSES
SEARCH WARRANT
CHALLENGE IN
NEW YORK COURT

Facebook has lost a legal fight against a New

York City prosecutor who sought search
warrants for hundreds of user accounts.

The New York state Court of Appeals sided with

lower courts by ruling that the social media giant
didnt have the right to challenge the warrants.

Prosecutors in Manhattan sought search warrants

in 2013 for the accounts of 381 people in
connection with a disability benefits fraud case
against New York City police and fire retirees.

Menlo Park, California-based Facebook

challenged the warrants, but the courts sided
with prosecutors, citing legal procedure that
says it is up to individual users to challenge
warrants seeking their information.

The case has been closely watched by social media

companies, civil libertarians and prosecutors.

79
80
 LANES AT
NEWARK AIRPORT
AUTOMATICALLY
RETRIEVE
LUGGAGE BINS

Its every travelers nightmare: Youre running

late for a flight and the person in front of you
in the security line has taken the only two
available luggage bins and is slowly putting
items in, one by one.

A new system officially unveiled Monday at

Newark Liberty International Airport aims
to address the occasionally confusing, often
frustrating experience of getting your personal
items through security and out the other side.
The Transportation Security Administration held
a ceremonial ribbon-cutting to debut the 19-
lane checkpoint in United Airlines Terminal C.

Seventeen of the lanes feature the new

system. Bins are automatically retrieved after
each use and sent back to the front of the line
to reduce bottlenecks.

Travelers pull the bins from underneath

the conveyor belt and pack their items in a
partitioned section of the belt, reducing the
need to move around in search of bins.

81
82
If youve been through a checkpoint before, you
may have noticed youre waiting for a bin or you
dont get a bin, and it causes congestion, said
Jon Roitman, Uniteds senior vice president of
airport operations. Now, the bin return system is
absolutely automated. Thats the biggest feature.

The other two lanes at the checkpoint still

operate standard screening, for oversize items
such as baby carriers and strollers.

The Newark airport is the first in the New York

City region to have the high-tech lanes in
operation. United also uses them at its hubs in
Chicago and Los Angeles.

83
 #01 MLB Tap Sports Baseball 2017
By Glu Games Inc
Category: Games / Free
Requires iOS 7.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#02 Ballz
By Ketchapp
Category: Games / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#03 Bitmoji - Your Personal Emoji

By Bitstrips
Category: Sports / Free
Requires iOS 9.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#04 YouTube
By Google, Inc.
Category: Photo & Video / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#05 Snapchat
By Snap, Inc.
Category: Photo & Video / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#06 Instagram
By Instagram, Inc.
Category: Photo & Video / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#07 Messenger
By Facebook, Inc.
Category: Social Networking / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#08 Gangstar New Orleans: Online Open World Game

By Gameloft
Category: Games / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#09 KAMI 2
By State of Play Games
Category: Games / Free
Requires iOS 6.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#10 Google Maps

By Google, Inc.
Category: Navigation / Free
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

84
#01 WhatsApp Desktop
By WhatsApp Inc.
Category: Social Networking / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.9.0 or later, 64-bit processor

#02 Microsoft Remote Desktop

By Microsoft Corporation
Category: Business / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.9 or later, 64-bit processor

#03 1Doc: Word Processor for Writer

By Chengyu Huang
Category: Business / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.10.0 or later, 64-bit processor

#04 Fotor Photo Editor

By Chengdu Everimaging Science and Technology Co., Ltd
Category: Photography / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.7 or later, 64-bit processor

#05 Slack
By Slack Technologies, Inc.
Category: Business / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.9 or later, 64-bit processor

#06 File Viewer and Investigator

By Amelia Dybala
Category: Utilities / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.7 or later, 64-bit processor

#07 Microsoft OneNote

By Microsoft Corporation
Category: Productivity / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.10 or later, 64-bit processor

#08 Xcode
By Apple
Category: Developer Tools / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.11.5 or later

#09 The Unarchiver

By Dag Agren
Category: Utilities / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.6.0 or later, 64-bit processor

#10 OneDrive
By Microsoft Corporation
Category: Productivity / Free
Compatibility: OS X 10.9.0 or later, 64-bit processor

85
 #01 Minecraft: Pocket Edition
By Mojang
Category: Games / Price: $6.99
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#02 Heads Up!

By Warner Bros.
Category: Games / Price: $0.99
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#03 Bloons TD 5
By Ninja Kiwi
Category: Games / Price: $2.99
Requires iOS 6.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#04 Plague Inc

By Ndemic Creations
Category: Games / Price: $0.99
Requires iOS 6.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#05 Weather Radio by WDT

By Weather Decision Technologies, Inc.
Category: Weather / Price: $4.99
Requires iOS 7.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#06 NOAA Radar Pro

By Apalon Apps
Category: Weather / Price: $3.99
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#07 HotSchedules
By HotSchedules
Category: Business / Price: $2.99
Requires iOS 9.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#08 Facetune
By Lightricks Ltd.
Category: Photo & Video / Price: $3.99
Requires iOS 7.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#09 7 Minute Workout Challenge

By Fitness Guide Inc
Category: Health & Fitness / Price: $2.99
Requires iOS 6.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

#10 The Escapists

By Team17 Software Ltd
Category: Games / Price: $3.99
Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.

86
#01 GarageBand
By Apple
Category: Music / Price: $6.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.10 or later

#02 Magnet
By CrowdCaf
Category: Productivity / Price: $1.39
Compatibility: OS X 10.9 or later, 64-bit processor

#03 Final Cut Pro

By Apple
Category: Video / Price: $399.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.11.4 or later, 64-bit processor

#04 Logic Pro X

By Apple
Category: Music / Price: $279.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.10 or later, 64-bit processor

#05 Snapheal - Fix your photos.

By MacPhun LLC
Category: Photography / Price: $6.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.9 or later, 64-bit processor

#06 Office Essentials | Docs for Microsoft Office 365

By Oce Essentials for Microsoft Oce and Google Docs
Category: Business / Price: $39.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.9 or later, 64-bit processor

#07 Screen Capture Movavi: Record Screen Activity

By Movavi
Category: Video / Price: $2.79
Compatibility: OS X 10.6.0 or later

#08 Airmail 3
By Bloop S.R.L.
Category: Utilities / Price: $13.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.10 or later, 64-bit processor

#09 Adware Doctor

By YONGMING ZHANG
Category: Utilities / Price: $13.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.10 or later, 64-bit processor

#10 Home Design 3D

By Anuman
Category: Graphics & Design / Price: $9.99
Compatibility: OS X 10.8 or later, 64-bit processor

87
 by Justin Kurzel
Genre: Action & Adventure
Released: 2016
Price: $14.99
Trailer

308 Ratings

Movies
&TV Shows
Rotten Tomatoes

17 %
88
Assassins Creed

Based on the video game franchise of the

same name, this action adventure follows
the story of Cal Lynch (Michael Fassbender)
who must travel back in time to 15-th
century Spain through revolutionary
technology that unlocks the genetic
memories contained in his DNA. There he
is his distant relative Aguilar de Nerha, a
member of the secret society of Assassins
who fight to protect free will from the
Templar Order.

FIVE FACTS:
1. 80% of the film, including stunts, extras,
and location were shot on camera without
any CGI.
2. Ubisoft gave the prop makers a detailed
list of every weapon ever made for the
games that they could use as a guide when
creating the props.
3. While playing Aguilar de Nerha,
Fassbender wore brown contact lenses to
give a subtle difference between Cal Lynch
and Nerha.
4. The film features the highest drop by
a stunt man in almost 35 years. Damien
Walters free fell 125 feet which lasted 3
seconds and had a 61mph impact speed.
5. All of the scenes set in 15th Century
Spain were filmed in the Spanish language
although in the games they are in English.

89
 Assassins Creed Movie CLIP
Leap of Faith (2016) - Michael Fassbender Movie

90
91
Silence

By Director Martin Scorsese, Silence tells

the story of two 17th century Portuguese
missionaries (Adam Driver and Andrew
Garfield) who embark on a perilous journey
to Japan to find their missing mentor (Liam
Neeson). The two men minister to the
Christian villagers who worship in secret,
fearing a prolonged and agonizing death if
theyre caught by the ruling samurai.

FIVE FACTS:
1. The films premiere was held at the Vatican
and screened to four hundred Jesuit Priests.
2. This is Martin Scorseses third religious-
based film after The Last Temptation of
Christ (1988) and Kundun (1997).
3. Adam Driver lost fifty pounds for the role;
thirty before filming and twenty during.
4. This is the second film based on the novel
of the same name written by Japanese
author Shusaku Endo.
5. Scorsese appears briefly in the film at the
end. In the scene where Ferreira and Rodrigues
are in Nagasaki filtering through material from
the trade ship, Scorsese is seated at the far left
of the table in the courtyard.

92
by Martin Scorsese
Genre: Drama
Released: 2016
Price: $14.99

74 Ratings

Trailer

Rotten Tomatoes

85 %
93
 Silence - Exclusive Clip
Pray With Your Eyes Open

94
95
 Show Yourself

96
Music
 Emperor of Sand
Mastodon

Emperor of Sand is the seventh studio album

by American metal band Mastodon and is
their most mainstream effort to date. The
narrative-driven album last seen on Crack
the Skye follows a darker tone than the last
couple of albums but still features a versatility
of sound with some of their most accessible
lyrics to date.

Genre: Metal/Rock FIVE FACTS:

Released: Mar 31, 2017
11 Songs 1. The lyrics include themes of death and
Price: $9.99 survival, inspired by experiences that
members of the band had when family and
friends were recently diagnosed with cancer.
242 Ratings
2. Scott Kelly of Neurosis and Kevin
Sharp of Brutal Truth appear as guest
vocalists on Scorpion Breath and
Andromeda, respectively.
3. Guitarist Brent Hinds learned to play
music by playing the banjo, and his style of
fast hybrid picking and banjo emulating can
be heard on many of the songs.
4. The members of Mastodon met at a High
on Fire show in Atlanta, Georgia.
5. Drummer Brann Dailor is a huge fan of
Genesis and Peter Gabriel and is usually
the person who comes up with concepts of
each album.

97
98
The Making of Emperor of Sand

99
Automaton
Jamiroquai

The eighth studio band by funk and acid jazz

band Jamiroquai features an undeniable UK
house influence in tracks such as Shake It On
and Hot Property while still maintaining their
distinctive sound in the title track Automaton.
After two years, this is the return that fans have
been waiting for.

FIVE FACTS:
Genre: Pop/Rock/R&B/Soul
1. The bands new songs are still inspired by Released: Mar 31, 2017
science-fiction. 12 Songs
Price: $9.99
2. Buffalo Man is the name of the silhouette
character featured on most of the covers of
Jamiroquais releases. 140 Ratings

3. Jamiroquai is influenced by artists such

as NAS, the OJays, Jimi Hendrix, Marvin Gay
and Miles Davis.
4. Jay Kays mother is jazz singer Karen Kay.
5. Jay Kay said the hats that he is well known
for have spiritual significance.

100
Automaton

101
102
Cloud 9

103
104
BOX OFFICE TOP 20:
BOSS BABY
TAKES DOWN
DISNEYS BEAUTY

It took Alec Baldwin in diapers to bring down

Beauty and the Beast.

The 20th Century Fox release and DreamWorks

Animation production The Boss Baby, featuring
the voice of Baldwin as the films pipsqueak
protagonist, was the weekends no. 1 film. It
opened with $50.2 million, according to final
box-office figures Monday from comScore.

The gap between it and Beauty and the Beast

(the box-office leader the last two weeks) was a
little greater than expected, too. Beauty and the
Beast trailed in second with $45.4 million in its
third weekend.

Paramount Pictures controversy-plagued Ghost

in the Shell, made for $110 million, flopped in its
debut. It sold $18.7 million in tickets.

105
The top 20 movies at U.S. and Canadian theaters
Friday through Sunday, followed by distribution
studio, gross, number of theater locations,
average receipts per location, total gross and
number of weeks in release, as compiled
Monday by comScore:

1. The Boss Baby, 20th Century Fox,

$50,198,902, 3,773 locations,
$13,305 average, $50,198,902, 1 Week.

2. Beauty and the Beast, Disney,

$45,420,743, 4,210 locations,
$10,789 average, $393,337,585, 3 Weeks.

3. Ghost in the Shell, Paramount,

$18,676,033, 3,440 locations,
$5,429 average, $18,676,033, 1 Week.

4. Power Rangers, Lionsgate,

$14,200,307, 3,693 locations,
$3,845 average, $64,762,477, 2 Weeks.

5. Kong: Skull Island, Warner Bros.,

$8,587,454, 3,141 locations,
$2,734 average, $147,635,658, 4 Weeks.

106
107
6. Logan, 20th Century Fox, $6,108,084,
2,323 locations, $2,629 average,
$211,775,721, 5 Weeks.

7. Get Out, Universal, $5,660,210,

1,844 locations, $3,070 average,
$156,734,170, 6 Weeks.

8. Life, Sony, $5,551,767,

3,146 locations, $1,765 average,
$22,296,006, 2 Weeks.

9. Chips, W arner Bros., $3,958,188,

2,464 locations, $1,606 average,
$14,270,554, 2 Weeks.

10. The Zookeepers Wife, Focus

Features, $3,288,835, 541 locations,
$6,079 average, $3,288,835, 1 Week.

108
109
11. The Shack, Lionsgate, $2,042,041,
1,430 locations, $1,428 average,
$52,957,048, 5 Weeks.

12. The Lego Batman Movie, Warner

Bros., $750,139, 812 locations,
$924 average, $172,676,702, 8 Weeks.

13. The Belko Experiment, OTL

Releasing, $528,165, 453 locations,
$1,166 average, $8,990,355, 3 Weeks.

14. Hidden Figures, 20th Century Fox,

$414,389, 352 locations,
$1,177 average, $167,805,062, 15 Weeks.

15. T2: Trainspotting, Sony, $377,618,

140 locations, $2,697 average,
$1,155,125, 3 Weeks.

110
111
112
16. The Devotion Of Suspect X, China
Lion Entertainment, $323,207,
43 locations, $7,516 average, $323,207, 1 Week.

17. Rogue One: A Star Wars Story,

Disney, $249,074, 224 locations,
$1,112 average, $531,721,570, 16 Weeks.

18. John Wick: Chapter Two,

Lionsgate, $217,548, 210 locations,
$1,036 average, $91,283,469, 8 Weeks.

19. The Last Word, Bleecker Street,

$210,817, 289 locations,
$729 average, $1,482,994, 5 Weeks.

20. Lion, The Weinstein Company,

$198,831, 175 locations,
$1,136 average, $51,117,883, 19 Weeks.

Universal and Focus are owned by NBC Universal, a unit of Comcast

Corp.; Sony, Columbia, Sony Screen Gems and Sony Pictures Classics
are units of Sony Corp.; Paramount is owned by Viacom Inc.; Disney,
Pixar and Marvel are owned by The Walt Disney Co.; Miramax is owned
by Filmyard Holdings LLC; 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight are
owned by 21st Century Fox; Warner Bros. and New Line are units
of Time Warner Inc.; MGM is owned by a group of former creditors
including Highland Capital, Anchorage Advisors and Carl Icahn;
Lionsgate is owned by Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.; IFC is owned by
AMC Networks Inc.; Rogue is owned by Relativity Media LLC.

113
 Image: Martin Mejia
114
 FIRST ON THE
MARTIAN MENU:
SPUDS

If human beings finally reach Mars, they may

find themselves depending on the humble, if
hardy potato.

Scientists in Peru have used a simulator that

mimics the harsh conditions on the Red Planet
to successfully grow a small potato plant.

Its an experiment straight out of the 2015

Hollywood movie The Martian that scientists
say may also benefit arid regions already feeling
the impact of climate change.

Its not only about bringing potatoes to Mars,

but also finding a potato that can resist non-
cultivable areas on Earth, said Julio Valdivia,
an astrobiologist with Perus University of
Engineering and Technology who is working
with NASA on the project.

The experiment began in 2016 - a year after the

Hollywood film The Martian showed a stranded
astronaut surviving by figuring out how to grow
potatoes on the red planet.

115
Peruvian scientists built a simulator akin to a
Mars-in-a-box: Frosty below-zero temperatures,
high carbon monoxide concentrations, the air
pressure found at 6,000 meters (19,700 feet)
altitude and a system of lights imitating the
Martian day and night.

Though thousands of miles away from

colleagues at NASAs Ames Research Center
in California providing designs and advice,
Peru was in many ways an apt location
to experiment with growing potatoes
on Mars.

The birthplace of the domesticated potato lies

high in the Andes near Lake Titicaca, where it
was first grown about 7,000 years ago. More
than 4,000 varieties are grown in Peru, Bolivia
and Ecuador, where potatoes have sprouted
even in cold, barren lands.

The Peruvian scientists didnt have to go far

to find high-salinity soil similar to that found
on Mars, though with some of the organic
material Mars lacks: Pampas de la Joya along
the countrys southern coast receives less than
a millimeter of rain a year, making its terrain
somewhat comparable to the Red Planets
parched ground.

International Potato Center researchers

transported 700 kilos (1,540 pounds) of the soil
to Lima, planted 65 varieties and waited. In the
end, just four sprouted from the soil.

In a second stage, scientists planted one of the

most robust varieties in the even more extreme
conditions of the simulator, with the soil - Mars
has no organic soil - replaced by crushed rock
and a nutrient solution.

116
Image: Martin Mejia
117
118
Live-streaming cameras caught every tiny
movement as a bud sprouted and grew several
leaves while sensors provided around-the-clock
monitoring of simulator conditions.

The winning potato: A variety called Unique.

Its a super potato that resists very high carbon

dioxide conditions and temperatures that get to
freezing, Valdivia said.

NASA itself also has been doing experiments

on extraterrestrial agriculture, both for use on
spacecraft and perhaps on Mars.

Ray Wheeler, the lead for advanced life support

research activities at NASAs Kennedy Space
Center, said plant survival in the open on
Mars would be impossible given the planets
low-pressure, cold temperature and lack of
oxygen, but showing plants could survive in a
greenhouse-type environment with reduced
pressure and high carbon-dioxide levels could
potentially reduce operating costs. Most
research on growing plants in space has focused
on optimizing environments to get high outputs
of oxygen and food.

But understanding the lower limits of survival

is also important, especially if you consider pre-
deploying some sort of plant growth systems
before humans arrive, he said.

In the next stage of the experiment, scientists

will build three more simulators to grow potato
plants under extreme conditions with the hope
of gaining a broader range of results. They
will also need to increase the carbon dioxide
concentrations to more closely imitate the
Martian atmosphere.

119
120
NASA SPACECRAFT HALFWAY
BETWEEN PLUTO AND NEXT
SMALLER STOP

121
NASAs New Horizons spacecraft is now halfway
between Pluto and its next much, much
smaller stop.

New Horizons - which reached the milestone

this week - is bound for an even more remote
object called 2014 MU69. Like Pluto, the object
orbits in our solar systems twilight zone known
as the Kuiper Belt, but is barely 1 percent its
size. MU69 is nearly 1 billion miles (1.6 billion
kilometers) beyond Pluto.

The spacecraft will swoop past MU69 on

Jan. 1, 2019.

That flyby will set the record for the most distant
world ever explored in the history of civilization,
chief investigator Alan Stern of Southwest
Research Institute said in a statement.

With another 466 million miles (750 million

kilometers) remaining, New Horizons will go into
a five-month hibernation later this week.

Although still zooming along, the spacecraft is

slowing down slightly as it gets farther from the
sun. Besides aiming for MU69, New Horizons will
study a couple dozen other Kuiper Belt objects
from afar.

New Horizons arrived at Pluto in July 2015,

becoming its first visitor from Earth. It launched
from Cape Canaveral in 2006.

The spacecraft is currently 3.5 billion miles (5.7

billion kilometers) from home. It takes radio
signals five hours and 20 minutes to reach the
spacecraft from the control center at Johns
Hopkins University in Laurel, Maryland.

Online:
Johns Hopkins

122
123
124
 A SCI-FI CANCER
THERAPY FIGHTS
BRAIN TUMORS,
STUDY FINDS

It sounds like science fiction, but a cap-like

device that makes electric fields to fight cancer
improved survival for the first time in more than
a decade for people with deadly brain tumors,
final results of a large study suggest.

Many doctors are skeptical of the therapy, called

tumor treating fields, and its not a cure. Its also
ultra-expensive - $21,000 a month.

But in the study, more than twice as many

patients were alive five years after getting it, plus
the usual chemotherapy, than those given just
the chemo - 13 percent versus 5 percent.

Its out of the box in terms of how cancer

is usually treated, and many doctors dont
understand it or think it can help, said Dr. Roger
Stupp, a brain tumor expert at Northwestern
University in Chicago.

He led the company-sponsored study while

previously at University Hospital Zurich in
Switzerland, and gave results Sunday at an

125
American Association for Cancer Research
meeting in Washington.

You cannot argue with them - theyre great

results, and unlikely to be due to a placebo
effect, said one independent expert, Dr. Antonio
Chiocca, neurosurgery chief at Brigham and
Womens Hospital in Boston.

Dr. George Demetri of the Dana-Farber Cancer

Institute in Boston and a board member of the
association hosting the conference, agreed
but called the benefit modest, because most
patients still die within five years. It is such a
horrible disease that any progress is important,
he added.

ABOUT THE TREATMENT

The device, called Optune, is made by Novocure,
based in Jersey, an island near England. Its sold
in the U.S., Germany, Switzerland and Japan
for adults with an aggressive cancer called
glioblastoma multiforme, and is used with
chemo after surgery and radiation to try to keep
these tumors from recurring, as most do.

Patients cover their shaved scalp with strips of

electrodes connected by wires to a small generator
kept in a bag. They can wear a hat, go about their
usual lives, and are supposed to use the device at
least 18 hours a day. Its not an electric current or
radiation, and they feel only mild heat.

It supposedly works by creating low intensity,

alternating electric fields that disrupt cell
division - confusing the way chromosomes line
up - which makes the cells die. Because cancer
cells divide often, and normal cells in the adult
brain do not, this in theory mostly harms the
disease and not the patient.

126
Image: Carrie Antlfinger
127
128

Bill Doyle:
Treating Cancer with Electric Fields
WHAT STUDIES SHOW
In a 2011 study, the device didnt improve
survival but caused fewer symptoms than
chemo did for people whose tumors had
worsened or recurred after standard treatments.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
approved it for that situation.
A second study, in newly diagnosed patients,
was stopped in 2014 after about half of the 695
participants had been tracked for at least 18 months,
because those using the device were living several
months longer on average than the rest.
The FDA expanded approval but some doctors
were leery because the device wasnt compared
with a sham treatment - everyone knew who
was getting what. Study leaders say a sham was
impractical, because patients feel heat when
they get the real thing, and many would refuse
to shave their heads every few days and use an
inconvenient device for years if the treatment
might be fake.
Some doctors said they would withhold
judgment until there were long-term results on
the whole group.
THE NEW RESULTS
Now theyre in: Median survival was 21 months
for those given Optune plus chemo versus 16
months for those on chemo alone. Survival rates
were 43 percent versus 31 percent at two years;
26 percent versus 16 percent at three years, and
13 percent versus 5 percent at five years.
Side effects were minimal but included blood-
count problems, weakness, fatigue and skin
irritation from the electrodes.
129
The device is now impossible to ignore ...
it absolutely is an advance, said Dr. Andrew
Lassman, brain tumor chief at the Columbia
University Medical Center/New York-
Presbyterian Hospital. He consults for Novocure,
as do some doctors running the study.

The latest National Comprehensive Cancer

Center guidelines include Optune as an
appropriate treatment for brain tumors. Its also
is being tested for pancreatic, ovarian and lung
cancers; electrodes are worn on the belly or
chest for those.

THE PRICE
A big issue is cost - roughly $700 a day. Most U.S.
insurers cover it but Medicare does not and we
are paying, said Novocures chief executive, Bill
Doyle. Weve never refused a patient regardless
of insurance status.

The price reflects an extremely sophisticated

medical device, made in very low quantities, with
disposable parts changed several times a week
and a support person for each patient, he said.
Plus 17 years of lab, animal and human testing.

That cost? The round number is half a billion

dollars, Doyle said.

130
 ONE PATIENTS EXPERIENCE
Joyce Endresens insurance covers all but
about $1,000 a year for her device. Its a great
plan, and thats why I still work, said Endresen,
52, employed by a direct mail company in
suburban Chicago.

She has scans every two months to check for

cancer and theyve all been good, she said. We
celebrated two years of no tumor in December
and went to South Africa.

Doctors say many patients wont try the device

NOVOCURE pt1
because of the trouble involved or because they
dont want a visible reminder of their cancer.
Not Endresen.

I wear it and wear it proudly, she said.

Its an incredible machine and Im fine not
having hair.

Online:

Info on the device

Treatment options for brain cancer

American Cancer Society info

131
132
 BRAIN AND
ARM IMPLANTS
HELP PARALYZED
US MAN
FEED HIMSELF

A paralyzed man was able to feed himself for the

first time in eight years, after doctors implanted
sensors in his brain that sent signals to his arm.

Bill Kochevar was paralyzed from the shoulders

down after a cycling accident in Cleveland
in 2006.

To help him move again, in 2014, doctors

surgically placed two tiny implants into his brain
to pick up signals from neurons from the area
that controls hand movement. The signals are

133
relayed through external cables to a computer,
which sends commands to electrodes in his arm
and hand muscles.

After first practicing with virtual reality, Kochevar

was then able to drink coffee through a straw
and eatforkfuls of mashed potatoes and
macaroni and cheese on his own.

It was amazing, the 56-year-old Kochevar said.

I couldnt believe I could do it just by thinking
about it.

But after years of being paralyzed, Kochevars

shoulder wasnt strong enough to lift his arm, so
doctors also provided Kochevar with a robotic
arm support for extra assistance. Kochevars case
is detailed by his doctors in a paperpublished
Tuesday in the journal Lancet.

We know that (in paralyzed people) the spinal

cord is damaged and the signals from the brain
do not make it down to the muscles. And so in
our system, we have effectively bridged that,
said researcher Bob Kirsch of Case Western
Reserve University in Cleveland, the studys
senior author.

Similar technology has previously been used

to help a few paralyzed people in experimental
studies do things like grasp a bottle, hold a
toothbrush and move their legs, but the brain
and muscle implants havent been used beyond
the laboratory and are not a cure for paralysis.

Kirsch said he hopes patients like Kochevar

might be able to use such technology outside
of the lab within a few years, but that would
require several engineering upgrades. He
estimates the technology would cost tens of
thousands of dollars.

134
135
 Image: Russell Lee
136
Chad Bouton of the Feinstein Institute
for Medical Research in Manhasset, New
York, who has worked on similar projects
but didnt participate in the new project,
said the technology may be useful
beyond paralysis.

If we can reroute signals around a spinal cord

injury, that means weve opened the door
to rerouting signals around injured areas of
the brain, Boutons said. So if someone has
a stroke and theres a damaged part of the
brain, this technology could allow us to work
around it.

Other experts said more research is needed on

how to improve and possibly expand the range
of movements that might be possible from
such brain implant technology. Scientists have
mostly focused on decoding brain signals to
move robotic limbs; translating brain messages
to move the bodys own limbs is much more
challenging and often results in movement that
is a bit jerky and awkward.

Maybe if we stimulate the spinal cord, its

possible that we can have movement that is
more natural, said Gregoire Courtine, who
studies paralysis at the Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology in Geneva.

Kochevar, who worked in information

technology, said he would love to be
able to use the brain implant system at
home one day.

Id like to be able to turn it on when I need to do

something, do what I need to do and then shut
it off, he said. Id be so excited every day to be
trying new things.

137
138
 TIN MAN
MIRANDA LAMBERT

THE FIGHTER (FEAT. CARRIE UNDERWOOD)

KEITH URBAN

BODY LIKE A BACK ROAD

SAM HUNT

THATS WHAT I LIKE

BRUNO MARS

SPEAK TO A GIRL
TIM MCGRAW & FAITH HILL

YOU LOOK GOOD

LADY ANTEBELLUM

SHAPE OF YOU
ED SHEERAN

CRAVING YOU (FEAT. MAREN MORRIS)

THOMAS RHETT

SOMETHING JUST LIKE THIS

THE CHAINSMOKERS

ROCKABYE
(FEAT. SEAN PAUL & ANNE-MARIE)
CLEAN BANDIT

139
140
 THE WEIGHT OF THESE WINGS
MIRANDA LAMBERT

(DELUXE)
ED SHEERAN

RIPCORD
KEITH URBAN

BEAUTY AND THE BEAST (ORIGINAL

MOTION PICTURE SOUNDTRACK)
VARIOUS ARTISTS

24K MAGIC
BRUNO MARS

HERO
MAREN MORRIS

LIFER
MERCYME

TRAVELLER
CHRIS STAPLETON

MOANA (ORIGINAL MOTION

PICTURE SOUNDTRACK) [DELUXE EDITION]
VARIOUS ARTISTS

PAWN SHOP
BROTHERS OSBORNE

141
142
 FOREVER COUNTRY
ARTISTS OF THEN, NOW & FOREVER

THE FIGHTER (FEAT. CARRIE UNDERWOOD)

KEITH URBAN

THATS WHAT I LIKE

BRUNO MARS

SHAPE OF YOU
ED SHEERAN

CANT STOP THE FEELING!

(ORIGINAL SONG FROM DREAMWORKS
ANIMATIONS TROLLS)
JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE

GOD, YOUR MAMA, AND ME

(FEAT. BACKSTREET BOYS)
FLORIDA GEORGIA LINE

BLUE AINT YOUR COLOR

KEITH URBAN

24K MAGIC
BRUNO MARS

BACK TO GOD
REBA MCENTIRE

CHAINED TO THE RHYTHM

(FEAT. SKIP MARLEY)
KATY PERRY

143
144
 THE FIRST DAY OF THE REST OF YOUR LIFE
THE WALKING DEAD, SEASON 7

KIMS LAST DITCH EFFORT

KEEPING UP WITH THE KARDASHIANS, SEASON 13

SHE DONE ALREADY DONE BROUGHT IT ON

RUPAULS DRAG RACE, SEASON 9

SOMETHING THEY NEED

THE WALKING DEAD, SEASON 7

AND THE WINNER IS ...

(THE OSCARS OF 1963)
FEUD: BETTE AND JOAN, SEASON 1

SIDE DISHES AND SIDE PIECES

THE REAL HOUSEWIVES OF ATLANTA, SEASON 9

TEMPTATION
THE ARRANGEMENT, SEASON 1

BE STILL, MY SOUL
GREYS ANATOMY, SEASON 13

RED SUN, SILVER MOON

INTO THE BADLANDS, SEASON 2

A STOMACH FOR BLOOD

SCANDAL, SEASON 6

145
146
 ALL BY MYSELF, ALONE
MARY HIGGINS CLARK

THE LOST ORDER

STEVE BERRY

THE CHOSEN
J.R. WARD

CHESAPEAKE
JAMES A. MICHENER & STEVE BERRY

BIG LITTLE LIES

LIANE MORIARTY

THE BLACK BOOK

JAMES PATTERSON & DAVID ELLIS

THIRTEEN REASONS WHY

JAY ASHER

THE CASTLE
SKYE WARREN

FULL MOUNTIE
AINSLEY BOOTH & SADIE HALLER

RAY OF TIME (RAY #4)

E. L. TODD

147
148
 THEN AND NOW:
HOW GLACIERS
AROUND THE
WORLD ARE
MELTING

Over the past decade, scientists and

photographers keep returning to the worlds
glaciers, watching them shrink with each visit.
Now they want others to see how a warming
planet is melting masses of ice in a series of
before-and-after photos.

In the Geological Society of Americas GSA

Today journal , a group of ice researchers and
a photographer-filmmaker published pictures
showing how much five of the worlds glaciers
have thinned.

There is something fundamentally compelling

about the approach they take. For all our
emphasis on models and math, seeing is still
believing, said University of Colorado ice scientist
Ted Scambos, who wasnt part of the team.

149
Under natural conditions, glaciers at times melt
and retreat while others grow and advance.
But measurements from Earths 5,200 glaciers
show warming temperatures have increased
the number of melting glaciers and the speed of
glacial retreat, according to the study. Scientists
primarily blame man-made global warming
from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas.

There is something that touches the heart more

profoundly when you see it in pictures than
when you see it in maps or reports or graphs,
said photographer James Balog, who founded
the nonprofit Earth Vision Institute . It certainly
brings it alive.

150
151
ICELAND
The Solheimajokull glacier has shriveled by
about 2,050 feet (625 meters) between 2007 and
2015.

152
153
154
ALASKA
The forward edge of the Mendenhall glacier
outside of Juneau has receded about 1,800 feet
(550 meters) between 2007 and 2015.

155
156
SWITZERLAND
The Stein glacier has shrunk about 1,800 feet
(550 meters) between 2006 and 2015.

157
SWITZERLAND
The Trift glacier has retreated nearly three
quarters of a mile (1.17 kilometers) between
2006 and 2015.

158
159
160
PERU
Ohio State ice scientist Lonnie Thompson has
visited the Qori Kalis glacier since 1974. Between
1978 and 2016, it has shriveled 3,740 feet (1.14
kilometers). Thompson described his regular
expeditions to the Peruvian glacier like visiting
a terminally ill family member.

161
162
 MONTANA JOINS
OTHERS IN EFFORT
TO BOLSTER
INTERNET PRIVACY

States have started writing their own legislation

to protect broadband privacy after Congress
voted to repeal regulations that would have
required internet providers to obtain their
customers consent before collecting their
personal information.

The Montana Senate approved a budget

provision that would bar internet providers
like Charter and Comcast from being awarded
state contracts if they collect data from their
customers without consent. That legislation is
similar to a measure that is moving through the
Minnesota Legislature.

Montana Sen. Ryan Osmundson, R-Buffalo, said

he introduced the measure as a response to
Congress vote to repeal the Obama-era Federal
Communications Commission rules, which have
not yet taken effect.

It has become apparent to us that they have

the ability to use your information in ways
to market to you, and, quite frankly, sell that
information, Osmundson said of internet

163
164
providers. Were basically saying they cannot
do business with the state if theyre collecting
personal information without the consent of
the individual.

Montana, Minnesota and Illinois are among

the states considering legislation to protect
their residents information, such as their
browsing history.

Illinois is considering two bills, one that would

allow people to find out what information
internet companies have collected on them
and with whom they share that information.
Another would require mobile applications to
get permission before tracking user locations.
Maryland lawmakers tried but failed to introduce
a similar bill late in the legislative session.

The Obama-era regulation, which was to have

taken effect later this year, would have required
internet providers to receive consent before
sharing customers personal information.
Congress vote means companies will be able to
continue using customers data until a customer
tells them to stop.

Dallas Harris, a policy fellow at Public

Knowledge, a group that advocates for open
internet, said states are largely free to put in
stricter regulations than what Congress requires.

Harris said to look for more states to pass laws

because they feel they have to step up and protect
their residents when Congress wouldnt do so.

Internet service providers have put themselves

in a bit of a conundrum here, Harris said.
Theyve bucked the federal rule, and theyre
going to get what they hate the most - a bunch
of state laws.

165
166
 CANADIAN
ACCUSED IN
YAHOO HACK
HAS BAIL HEARING

A Canadian man accused in a massive hack of

Yahoo emails said Wednesday hell live with his
parents and forgo access to phones and any
electronic equipment if hes allowed out on bail.

Officials allege that Karim Baratov poses an

extremely high flight risk because of his
alleged ties to Russian agents.

But his lawyer Amedeo DiCarlo said that Baratov

has never been to Russia and he will not flee if
freed on bail. Baratov arrived in court for his bail
wearing a black shirt and sweat pants with his
legs shackled. His parents provided him with a
dress jacket.

167
Flight risk is the issue, DiCarlo told reporters
after arriving at the courthouse in a chauffeured
Rolls Royce. We are going to have measures put
in place so that is not going to happen.

Baratovs parents have agreed to act as their

sons sureties. His father, Akhmet Tokbergenov,
has agreed to turn off the internet in the family
home if thats what the court requests.

Baratov, 22, said he registered an internet

business in 2014 that made about $81,000
($110,000 Canadian) that year registering
websites, renting web spaces and preventing
web servers from hack attempts. He said he
made less in in 2015 and 2016. He was not asked
directly about the allegations against him.

U.S. law enforcement officials call Baratov

a hacker-for-hire paid by Russian Federal
Security Service members. He has Kazakh
origins, arriving in Canada in 2007 and
becoming a citizen in 2011.

Baratov was arrested last month and faces

extradition to the U.S. The breach at Yahoo
affected at least a half billion user accounts.

He was indicted in the United States for

computer hacking along with three other
people, including two alleged Russian
intelligence agents.

Officials have said Baratov has the money to

leave Canada and the ability to destroy evidence
related to his alleged activities
while on the run.

Prosecutor Heather Graham said police seized

about $22,000 ($30,000 Canadian) cash from his
home and another $670 ($900 Canadian) from
his wallet when he was arrested.

168
169
Baratov said he had virtually nothing in his bank
accounts and testified that he largely financed a
string of luxury cars that included a Lamborghini
Diablo, an Austin Martin and a Mercedes Benz.
He said half of the money he paid for the cars
came from his parents. He also said half the
$95,000 ($128,000 Canadian) down payment on
a three-bedroom house came from his parents.

Social media pictures of Baratov show him as

an exotic car buff. His Facebook and Instagram
profiles were peppered with photos of cars.

Graham noted that Baratov posted online that

he travels to Russia often but Baratov testified he
has never been to Russia and only posted that
on behalf of a friend to get advice.

In a scheme that prosecutors say blended

intelligence gathering with old-fashioned
financial greed, the four men targeted the
email accounts of Russian and U.S. government
officials, Russian journalists and employees of
financial services and other private businesses,
American officials said.

In some cases using a technique known as

spear-phishing to dupe Yahoo users into
thinking they were receiving legitimate emails,
the hackers broke into at least 500 million
accounts in search of personal information and
financial data such as gift card and credit card
numbers, prosecutors said.

The case, announced amid continued U.S.

intelligence agency skepticism of their Russian
counterparts, comes as American authorities
investigate Russian interference through
hacking in the 2016 presidential election.
Officials said those investigations are separate.

170
171
Alexsey Belan, one of the others accused, is on
the list of the FBIs most wanted cyber criminals
and has been indicted multiple times in the
United States. Its not clear whether he or the
other two defendants, Dmitry Dokuchaev and
Igor Sushchin, will ever step foot in an American
courtroom because theres no extradition treaty
with Russia.

The indictment identifies Dokuchaev and

Sushchin as officers of the Russian Federal
Security Service, or FSB. Belan and Baratov were
paid hackers directed by the FSB to break into
the accounts, prosecutors said.

172
173