API 560 Fired Heaters: Basic

Design Requirements
General Requirements
Heaters shall be designed for uniform heat distribution
Average heat flux density is based on a single row of tubes spaced at 2
nominal tube diameters
Calculations & efficiencies shall be based on the lower heating value of the
fuel
Volumetric heat release shall not exceed 16000 Btu/h.ft^3 for gas fired
heaters
Negative Pressure of 0.1 inches water column
Vertical tubes shall be designed with a maximum height to dia ratio of 2.75
Maximum straight length of radiant tubes shall be 60 feet
Radiant tubes shall be installed with minimum spacing from refractory to tube
centerline of 1.5D (tube nominal dia) and not less than 4 inches
Tube wall thickness to be determinded via API 530
Stresses for headers from API 530
All flanges shall be weld-neck flanges
External piping to conform to B31.3
Bridgewall temperature is the flue gas temperature leaving the radiant
section
For radiant section, design temperature will be 200C(392F) more than the
bridgewall temperature
For convection section, flue gas temperature in contact with support +100F
Temperature of outside casing of radiant section & convection section shall
not exceed 180F at an ambient temperature of 80F
Refractory design temperature shall be 300F more than the hot face
temperature
Burner blocks shall have a minimum service temperature of 3000F
Minimum service temperature for a hot face brick layer shall be 2600F
The crossover piping shall be of same metallurgy as the preceeding heater
tubes
For dual layer castable construction, the hot face layer should be a minimum
3 inches thick
Materials shall conform to the following ASTM Specifications:
1. Insulating Firebrick: ASTM C155
2. Castable Refractory: ASTM C401
3. Insulating Block: ASTM C612 CL5