2/20/2011

Cyclic Operations
Batch Process:
ChE 216 No product is obtained until the end of the batch time
Example: Batch Reactors
Optimization in Cyclic Operations Semi-Continuous
Determination of the Optimum Cycle Time A product is delivered continuously but the rate of production
decreases with time
Example: plate and frame filter, batch distillation
Batch time consist of:
Evelyn R. Laurito Charging of feed
Operation
University of Santo Tomas Discharging of product
Cleaning

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Cyclic Operations Example

Total Annual Cost = Operating and Shutdown Cost/cycle
x cycles/yr + annual fixed costs
Annual production = (Production/cycle) x (cycles/yr)
Cycles/yr = Operating + Shutdown time/yr
Operating + Shutdown time/cycle
An organic chemical is being produced by a batch operation
in which no product is obtained until the batch is finished.
Each cycle consists of the operating time to complete the
reaction plus a total time of 1.4 hr for discharging and
charging. The operation time per cycle is equal to 1.5Pb 0.25 h,
where Pb is in kg products per batch. The operating costs
during the operating period are $20 per hour, and the costs
during the discharge period are $15/hr. The annual fixed costs
are: CF = 340 Pb 0.8 dollars per yr
Inventory and storage charges are neglected, The plant is
operated 24 hrs/day for 300 days per year. The annual
production is 1M kg; raw materials and miscellaneous costs
is $260000/yr. Find the opt cycle time and min total cost.

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Solution Problem
An organic chemical is produced by a batch process. In
this process, chemicals X and Y react to form product Z.
Since the reaction rate is very high, the total time required
per batch has been found to be independent of the amount
of materials and each batch requires 2 hrs, including time
for charging, heating and dumping. The ff shows the
relation between the amounts in lb of X, Y and Z supplied:
Z 1.5(1.1XZ 1.3YZ XY )1/ 2
Chemical X costs 0.09/lb; Y costs 0.04/lb and Z sells for
0,80/lb. If the cost of Z is due to costs other than raw
materials, find the maximum profit to be obtained per lb of
chemical Z

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