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STANDARDS
UNS S32750
EN number 1.4410
EN name X 2 CrNiMoN 25-7-4
SS 2328
Product standards
Seamless tube and pipe: EN 10216-5
Seamless and welded tube and pipe: ASTM A789 A790
Flanges: ASTM A182
Fittings: ASTM A182 (ASTM A815 applied for)
Plate, sheet and strip: ASTM A240, EN 10088-2
Bar steel: ASTM A479, EN 10088-3
Forged billets: EN 10088-3
Approvals
Approved by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for use in accordance
with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, div. 1. There is no approval for
UNS S32750 in the form of plate. However, according to the ASME paragraph UG-15 it is
allowed to use the design values for seamless tube according to ASME Section VIII, div. 1
also for plate.
ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery piping.
VdTV-Werkstoffblatt 508
ISO 15156-3/NACE MR 0175 (Sulphide stress cracking resistant material for oil field
equipment), (applies to liquid quenched tubes).
NGS 1609 Nordic rules for application of the non-standard steel SAF 2507 manufactured
by AB Sandvik Steel.
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Others
FORMS OF SUPPLY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Thefollowingfiguresapplytomaterialinthesolutionannealedcondition.Tubeand
pipewithwallthicknessabove20mm(0.787in.)mayhaveslightlylowervalues.For
seamlesstubeswithawallthickness<4mmweguaranteeproofstrength(Rp0.2)values
thatare50MPahigherthanthoselistedbelowat20C(68F)aswellasthoselistedat
highertemperatures.Moredetailedinformationcanbesuppliedonrequest.
At 20C (68F)
Tubeandpipewithwallthicknessmax.20mm(0.79in.).
METRIC UNITS
a) a) b)
Rp 0 . 2 Rp 1 . 0 Rm A A2"
IMPERIAL UNITS
a) a) b)
Rp 0 . 2 Rp 1 . 0 Rm A A2" HRC
80 93 116145 25 15 32
1MPa=1N/mm2
a)Rp0.2andRp1.0correspondto0.2%offsetand1.0%offsetyieldstrength,respectively.
b)BasedonL0 =5.65S 0 whereL0 istheoriginalgaugelengthandS0 theoriginalcross
sectionarea.
Figure1.Comparisonofminimumproofstrength,0.2%offset,ofSAF2507andhigh
alloyausteniticgrades,formaterialinthesolutionannealedcondition.
At high temperatures
IfSandvikSAF2507isexposedtotemperaturesexceeding250C(480F),for
prolongedperiods,themicrostructurechanges,whichresultsinareductioninimpact
strength.Thisdoesnotnecessarilyaffectthebehaviorofthematerialattheoperating
temperature.Forexample,heatexchangertubescanbeusedathighertemperatures
withoutanyproblems.PleasecontactSandvikformoreinformation.Forpressure
vesselapplications,250C(480F)isrequiredasamaximum,accordingtoVdTV
Wb508andNGS1609.
min.
50 530
100 480
150 445
200 420
250 405
300 395
IMPERIAL UNITS
Temperature,F ProofstrengthRp 0 . 2, k s i
min.
120 77.0
200 70.5
300 64.5
400 61.0
500 58.5
600 57.0
Impact strength
SandvikSAF2507possessesgoodimpactstrength.Theductilebrittletransition
temperatureisbelow50C(58F).TheimpactstrengthofweldedSandvikSAF2507
isalsogood,althoughthevaluesarelowerthanthebasemetal.Theimpactstrength,if
gasshieldedarcweldments,isaminimumof27J(20ftlb)atatemperatureof50C(
58F).
Figure2.TypicalimpactenergycurvesforSandvikSAF2507usingstandardCharpyV
specimens(averageof3ateachtemp.).Parentmetalsamplestakeninthelongitudinal
directionfrom260x12mmhotextrudedandsolutionannealed(1075C/1965F)
tube.AllweldmetalsamplesfromSandvik25.10.4.LTIGwire.
According to ASME B31.3 the following design values are recommended for UNS S32750
(Sandvik SAF 2507):
Temperature Stress
F C ksi MPa
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
3 3
Density:7.8g/cm ,0.28lb/in.
20 490 68 0.12
Thermalconductivity
Metricunits,W/(mC)
SandvikSAF2507 14 15 17 18 20
ASTM316L 14 15 17 18 20
Imperialunits,Btu/(fthF)
SandvikSAF2507 8 9 10 11 12
ASTM316L 8 9 10 10 12
Thermalexpansion
SandvikSAF2507hasacoefficientofthermalexpansionclosetothatofcarbonsteel.
ThisgivesSandvikSAF2507definitedesignadvantagesoverausteniticstainlesssteelsin
equipmentcomprisingofbothcarbonsteelandstainlesssteel.Thevaluesgivenbelow
areaveragevaluesinthetemperatureranges.
-6
METRIC UNITS, X10 /C
Figure3.Thermalexpansion,perC(30100C,86210F).
Resistivity
Temperature,C m Temperature,F i n .
20 0.83 68 32.7
3
Modulus of elasticity, (x10 )
20 200 68 29.0
CORROSION RESISTANCE
General corrosion
SandvikSAF2507ishighlyresistanttocorrosionbyorganicacids,e.g.experienceless
than0.05mm/yearin10%formicand50%aceticacidwhereASTM316Lhas
corrosionratehigherthan0.2mm/year.PureformicacidseeFigure4.Alsoin
contaminatedacidSandvikSAF2507remainsresistant.
Figure5andFigure6showresultsfromtestsofSandvikSAF2507andvarious
stainlesssteelsandnickelalloysinaceticacidcontaminatedwithchlorideswhichin
practisearefrequentlypresentinprocesses.
Figure4.Isocorrosiondiagraminformicacid.Thecurvesrepresentacorrosionrateof
0.1mm/year(4mpy)instagnanttestsolution.
Figure5.Corrosionrateofvariousalloysin80%aceticacidwith2000ppmchloride
ionsat90C.
Figure6.Corrosionrateofvariousalloysinconcentratedaceticacidwith200ppm
chlorideions.
PracticalexperiencewithSandvikSAF2507inorganicacids,e.g.interaphthalicacid
plants,hasshownthatthisalloyishighlyresistanttothistypeofenvironment.The
alloyisthereforeacompetitivealternativetohighalloyedausteniticsandnickelalloysin
applicationswherestandardausteniticstainlesssteelscorrodeatahighrate.
Resistancetoinorganicacidsiscomparableto,orevenbetterthanthatofhighalloy
austeniticstainlesssteelsincertainconcentrationranges.Figures7to9show
isocorrosiondiagramsforsulphuricacid,sulphuricacidcontaminatedwith2000ppm
chlorideions,andhydrochloricacid,respectively.
Figure7.Isocorrosiondiagraminnaturallyaeratedsulphuricacid.Thecurvesrepresent
acorrosionrateof0.1mm/year(4mpy)inastagnanttestsolution.
Figure8.Isocorrosiondiagram,0.1mm/year(4mpy)inanaturallyaeratedsulphuric
acidcontaining2000ppmchlorideions.
Figure9.Isocorrosiondiagraminhydrochloricacid.Thecurvesrepresentacorrosion
rateof0.1mm/year(4mpy)instagnanttestsolution.
AparameterforcomparingtheresistancetopittinginchlorideenvironmentsisthePRE
number(PittingResistanceEquivalent).
ThePREisdefinedas,inweight%
PRE=%Cr+3.3x%Mo+16x%N
ForduplexstainlesssteelsthepittingcorrosionresistanceisdependentonthePREvalue
inboththeferritephaseandtheaustenitephase,sothatthephasewiththelowestPRE
valuewillbelimitingfortheactualpittingcorrosionresistance.InSandvikSAF2507the
PREvalueisequalinbothphases,whichhasbeenachievedbyacarefulbalanceofthe
elements.
TheminimumPREvalueforSandvikSAF2507seamlesstubesis42.5.Thisis
significantlyhigherthane.g.thePREvaluesforotherduplexstainlesssteelsofthe25Cr
typewhicharenotsuperduplex.AsanexampleUNSS3126025Cr3Mo0.2Nhasa
minimumPREvalueof33.
Oneofthemostseverepittingandcrevicecorrosiontestsappliedtostainlesssteelis
ASTMG48,i.e.exposureto6%FeCI3 withandwithoutcrevices(methodAandB
respectively).InamodifiedversionoftheASTMG48Atest,thesampleisexposedfor
periodsof24hours.Whenpitsaredetectedtogetherwithasubstantialweightloss(>5
mg),thetestisinterrupted.Otherwisethetemperatureisincreasedby5C(9F)and
thetestiscontinuedwiththesamesample.Figure11showscriticalpittingandcrevice
temperatures(CPTandCCT)fromthetest.
PotentiostatictestsinsolutionswithdifferentchloridecontentsarepresentedinFigure
11.Figure12showstheeffectofincreasedacidity.Inbothcasestheappliedpotentialis
600mVvsSCE,averyhighvaluecomparedwiththatnormallyassociatedwith
naturalunchlorinatedseawater,thusresultinginlowercriticaltemperaturescompared
withmostpracticalserviceconditions.
Figure10.Criticalpittingandcrevicetemperaturesin6%FeCl3 ,24h(similartoASTM
G48).
ThescatterbandforSandvikSAF2507and6Mo+Nillustratesthefactthatbothalloys
havesimilarresistancetopitting,andCPTvaluesarewithintherangeshowninthe
figure.
Testswereperformedinnaturalseawatertodeterminethecriticalcrevicecorrosion
temperatureofsampleswithanappliedpotentialof150mVvsSCE.Thetemperature
o
wasraisedby4C(7 F)stepsevery24hoursuntilcrevicecorrosionoccurred.The
resultsareshowninthetablebelow.
Alloy CCT(C)
SandvikSAF2507 64
6Mo+N 61
Intheseteststhepropagationratesofinitiatedcrevicecorrosionattacks,at1550C(59
122F)andanappliedpotentialof150mVvsSCEwerealsodetermined.Thesewere
foundtobearoundtentimeslowerforSandvikSAF2507thanforthe6Mo+Nalloy.
Figure11.Criticalpittingtemperatures(CPT)atvaryingconcentrationsofsodium
chloride,from3to25%(potentiostaticdeterminationat+600mVSCEwithsurface
groundwith600gritpaper).
Figure12.Criticalpittingtemperatures(CPT)in3%NaClwithvaryingpH
(potentiostaticdeterminationat+600mVSCEwithsurfacegroundwith600grit
paper).
ThecorrosionresistanceofSandvikSAF2507inoxidisingchloridesolutionsis
illustratedbycriticalpittingtemperatures(CPT)determinedina'Greendeath'solution
(1%FeCI3 +1%CuCl2+11%H2SO4 +1.2%HCI)andina'Yellowdeath'solution
(0.1%Fe2(SO4 )3 +4%NaCl+0.01MHCI).ThetablebelowshowsCPTvaluesfor
differentalloysinthesesolutions.ItisclearthatthevaluesforSandvikSAF2507areon
thesamelevelasthoseforthenickelalloyUNSN06625.Thetestsdemonstrateagood
correlationwiththerankingofalloysforuseasreheatertubesinfluegas
desulphurisationsystems.
Criticalpittingtemperature(CPT)determinedindifferenttestsolutions.
6Mo+N 70 >90
ASTM316 <25 20
TheSCCresistanceofSandvikSAF2507inchloridesolutionsathightemperaturesis
illustratedinFigure13.TherewerenosignsofSCCupto1000ppmCl /300Cand
10000ppmCl /250C.
SandvikSAF2507Ubendspecimensexposedfor1000hoursinhotbrine(108C,
226F,25%NaCl)showednocracking.
ThethresholdstressforSandvikSAF2507in40%CaCl2at100C(210F)andpH=
6.5isabove90%ofthetensilestrengthforbothparentmetalandweldedjoints(TIG
weldedwithSandvik25.10.4.LorMMAweldedwithSandvik25.10.4.LR).
Figure14showstheresultoftestingin40%CaCl2at100C(210F)acidifiedtopH=
1.5.AcidifyingofthestandardtestsolutiontopH=1.5lowersthethresholdstressfor
SandvikSAF2205,butnotforSandvikSAF2507.Thisappliestobothparentmetal
andweldedjoints.
ThethresholdstressforbothparentmetalandweldedjointsofSandvikSAF2507in
boiling45%MgCl2,155C(311F)(ASTMG36),isapproximately50%oftheproof
strength.
Figure13.SCCresistanceinoxygenbearing(abt.8ppm)neutralchloridesolutions.
Testingtime1000hours.Appliedstressequaltoproofstrengthattestingtemperature.
Figure14.ResultsofSCCtestswithconstantloadin40%CaCl2,pH=1.5,at100C
(210F)withaeratedtestsolution.
Figure15.ConstantloadSCCtestsinNACEsolutionatroomtemperature(NACETM
0177).
Figure15showstheresultsofSCCtestsatroomtemperatureinNACETM0177Test
solutionA(5%sodiumchlorideand0.5%aceticacidsaturatedwithhydrogen
sulphide).NocrackingoccurredonSandvikSAF2507,irrespectiveoftheappliedstress.
Inaqueoussolutionscontaininghydrogensulphideandchlorides,stresscorrosion
crackingcanalsooccuronstainlesssteelsattemperaturesbelow60C(140F).The
corrosivityofsuchsolutionsisaffectedbyacidityandchloridecontent.Indirect
contrasttothecasewithordinarychlorideinducedstresscorrosioncracking,ferritic
stainlesssteelsaremoresensitivetothistypeofstresscorrosioncrackingthanaustenitic
steels.
InaccordancewithISO15156/NACEMR0175solutionannealedandliquidquenched
wroughtSandvikSAF2507issuitableforuseattemperaturesupto450F(232C)in
sourenvironmentsinoilandgasproduction,ifthepartialpressureofhydrogen
sulphidedoesnotexceed3psi(0.20bar).
SandvikSAF2507,withamaximumhardnessof32HRC,solutionannealedand
rapidlycooled,accordingtoNACEMR0103,issuitableforuseinsourpetroleum
refining.
Hydrogendiffusesmuchfasterintheferritephasethanintheaustenitephase.
Therefore,ferriticsteelsandferritecontainingsteels,e.g.superduplexstainlesssteels,
aremoresusceptibletoHISCthanausteniticstainlesssteels.Ahighmechanicalstress
increasestheriskofHISCbyincreasingthehydrogendiffusionrate,crackinitiationand
propagationinthematerial.
Insuperduplexstainlesssteels,crackstendtopropagateintheembrittledferritephase
andarrestatferriteaustenitephaseboundaries.SusceptibilitytoHISCsignificantly
increaseswithincreasingaustenitespacing.Coarsegrainedmicrostructuresaretherefore
moresusceptible.AtestingprogramperformedatSandvikMaterialsTechnologyhas
confirmedthattendencytoHISCisreducedwhenaustenitespacingislessthan30m,
asrecommendedbyDNVRPF112.Coldpilgeredandsolutionannealedtubeswith
austenitespacingbetween515mhaveshownverygoodresistancetoHISCunder
appliedstressupto130%oftheyieldstrengthwithoutcracking.
TheacceptablestresswithoutHISCoccurringforproductswithdifferentaustenite
spacingisillustratedinfigure16.
Figure16.Tolerablestressasapercentageoftheactualyieldstrengthat4CwithoutHISC
occurringisschematicallyshownfortubeandbarproductswithdifferentaustenitespacing.
SandvikSAF2507(UNSS32750)hasbeentestedonhydrogenprechargedtensilespecimens,
usingconstantloadwithadeadweight,withanappliedpotentialof1050mV/SCEina
electrochemicalcellwith3%NaClsolutionat4C,500hours.[NACEpaperno.07498]
Intergranular corrosion
SandvikSAF2507isamemberofthefamilyofmodernduplexstainlesssteelswhose
chemicalcompositionisbalancedtogivequickreformationofausteniteinthehigh
temperatureheataffectedzoneofaweld.Thisresultsinamicrostructurethatprovides
thematerialwithgoodresistancetointergranularcorrosion.SandvikSAF2507passes
testingtoASTMA262PracticeE(Strausstest)withoutreservation.
Erosion corrosion
ThemechanicalpropertiescombinedwithcorrosionresistancegiveSandvikSAF2507a
goodresistancetoerosioncorrosion.Testinginsandcontainingmediahasshownthat
SandvikSAF2507hasanerosioncorrosionresistancebetterthancorresponding
austeniticstainlesssteels.Figure17belowshowstherelativemasslossrateofthe
duplexSandvikSAF2507,SandvikSAF2205andanaustenitic6Mo+Ntypesteelafter
exposuretosyntheticseawater(ASTMD1141)containing0.0250.25%silicasandata
velocityof8.929.3m/s(averageofalltestsisshown).
Figure17.Relativemasslossrateaftertestingoftheresistanceaginsterosioncorrosion.
Corrosion fatigue
Duplexstainlesssteelswhichhaveahightensilestrengthusuallyhaveahighfatiguelimit
andhighresistancetobothfatigueandcorrosionfatigue.
ThehighfatiguestrengthofSandvikSAF2507canbeexplainedbyitsgoodmechanical
properties,whileitshighresistancetocorrosionfatiguehasbeenprovenbyfatigue
testingincorrosivemedia.
HEAT TREATMENT
Thetubesarenormallydeliveredinheattreatedcondition.Ifadditionalheattreatmentis
neededduetofurtherprocessingthefollowingisrecommended.
Solutionannealing
10501125C(19202060F),rapidcoolinginairorwater.
WELDING
TheweldabilityofSandvikSAF2507isgood.Suitableweldingmethodsaremanual
metalarcweldingwithcoveredelectrodesorgasshieldedarcwelding.Weldingshouldbe
undertakenwithintheheatinputrangeof0.21.5kJ/mmandwithaninterpass
temperatureof150C(300F)maximum.
Preheatingorpostweldheattreatmentisnotnecessary.
Matchingfillermetalsarerecommendedinordertoobtainaweldmetalwithoptimum
corrosionresistanceandmechanicalproperties.Forgasshieldedarcweldinguse
Sandvik25.10.4.L,andformanualmetalarcweldingthecoveredelectrodeSandvik
25.10.4.LR.
FABRICATION
Bending
ThestartingforceneededforbendingisslightlyhigherforSandvikSAF2507thanfor
standardausteniticstainlesssteels(ASTM304Land316L).
IftheserviceconditionsareonthelimitofthestresscorrosionresistanceofSandvikSAF
2507heattreatmentisrecommendedaftercoldbending.Forpressurevessel
applicationsinGermanyandtheNordiccountriesheattreatmentmayberequiredafter
colddeformationinaccordancewithVdTVWb508andNGS1609.Heattreatment
shouldbecarriedoutbysolutionannealing(SeeunderHeattreatment)orresistance
annealing.
Hotbendingiscarriedoutat11251025C(20601880F)andshouldbefollowedby
solutionannealing.
Expanding
Comparedtoausteniticstainlesssteels,SandvikSAF2507hasahigherproofandtensile
strength.Thismustbekeptinmindwhenexpandingtubesintotubesheets.Normal
expandingmethodscanbeused,buttheexpansionrequireshigherinitialforceand
shouldbeundertakeninoneoperation.Asageneralrule,tubetotubesheetjoints
shouldbeweldediftheserviceconditionsincludeahighchlorideconcentration,thus
limitingtheriskofcrevicecorrosion.
Machining
Beingatwophasematerial(austeniticferritic)SandvikSAF2507willpresentadifferent
toolwearprofilefromthatofsinglephasesteelsoftypeASTM304L.Thecuttingspeed
mustthereforebelowerthanthatrecommendedforASTM304L.Itisrecommended
thatatougherinsertgradeisusedthanwhenmachiningausteniticstainlesssteels,e.g.
ASTM304L.
APPLICATIONS
SandvikSAF2507isaduplexstainlesssteelespeciallydesignedforserviceinaggressive
chloridecontainingenvironments.Typicalapplicationsare:
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR SANDVIK SAF 2507
Oilandgas Chloridecontainingenvironmentssuchasseawaterhandlingandprocesssystems.Hydraulicand
exploration processfluidtubesinumbilicals
andproduction
Seawatercooling Tubingforheatexchangersinrefineries,chemicalindustries,processindustriesandother
industriesusingseawaterorchlorinatedseawaterascoolant
Saltevaporation Evaporatortubingforproductionofcorrosivesalts,e.g.chlorides,sulphatesandcarbonates
Desalinationplants Pressurevesselsforreverseosmosisunits,tubeandpipeforseawatertransport,heatexchanger
tubing
Geothermalwells Heatexchangersingeothermalexploitationunits,systemsexposedtogeothermalorhighsalinity
brines,tubingandcasingforproduction
Oilrefiningand Tubesandpipeswheretheprocessenvironmentcontainsahighamountofchlorides,oris
petrochemicalandgas contaminatedwithhydrochloricacid
processing
Pulpandpaper Materialforchloridecontainingbleachingenvironments
production
Chemicalprocessing Organicacidplants,alsowhenprocesssolutionsarecontaminatedwithe.g.chlorides
Mechanical Propellershaftsandotherproductssubjectedtohighmechanicalloadinseawaterandother
componentsrequiring chloridecontainingenvironments
highstrength
D e s u l p h u r i s a t i o n u n i t s Asreheatertubesinfluegasdesulphurisationsystems.Thegoodmechanicalandcorrosion
propertiesmakeSandvikSAF2507aneconomicalchoiceinmanyapplicationsbyreducingthelife
cyclecostofequipment.
DISCLAIMER:
Recommendationsareforguidanceonly,andthesuitabilityofamaterialforaspecificapplicationcanbeconfirmedonlywhen
weknowtheactualserviceconditions.Continuousdevelopmentmaynecessitatechangesintechnicaldatawithoutnotice.This
datasheetisonlyvalidforSandvikmaterials.
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