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Caitlin Wall

Ms. Caruso

UWRT 1103

10, April 2017

Defense Paper: The Future of Organ Creation

As I conducted research have further researched and dove intofurther

into my inquiry topic, I have discovered immense amounts of new

information regarding all aspects of the future of organ creation. When

creating organs in the lab, there are many things that must be taken into

consideration, There are many details that go into creating organs in a lab,

including but not limited to, the benefits, risks, materials, cost, and etc.

In order to appropriately display my the knowledge I gained about all

of the aspects relating to creating organs in the lab, I decided to create a

combined spin-off of the childrens games Operation and The Game of

Life. I chose thought this type of genre would accurately convey the

information I found because it allows children to play this game while

simultaneously learning about the pros and cons of receiving an organ that

was created in a lab, rather than receiving an organ from a donor.

Throughout the game, the players will be challenged to get all of the

game pieces out of each section in the Operation Game. At each turn, if the

player successfully retrieves gets the piece out, then they will be required to

draw a card from the good stack. The good stack lists some positive

things that can happen from using an organ that was created in a lab rather
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than from an organ donor. However, if the player is attempting trying to get

retrieve a piece out and touches hits the metal edge, which causes causing

the game to make a buzzing noise, then the player is required to must draw

a card from the bad stack. The bad stack contains various setbacks or

challenges that may arise with using these created organs that were created

in the lab. On the back of each card, Each of the cards will contain a various

number of points will be stated, that the player must either add or subtract

from their score, gained or lost, to thus adding a more competitive aspect to

the game, thus, keeping the children more involved and entertained.

The intended audience I chose for to direct this genretized piece

towards are children (approximately ages 4-15) in todays society that are in

need of an organ or might possibly need an organ in the future. Since this

age group contains some children of a younger age, I will need to be mindful

of the intricate language and diction that I use, to ensure that so they will be

able to fully comprehend what that cards are saying, and what they mean,

and the connotation they have. I chose this age group as the specific

audience because children today are growing up in the generation of newer

in-depth technology, including the medicine medical breakthrough of

creating organs in a lab, so they are the age group that needs to be most

informed the most about this topic. In order to get make this information

easily accessible available to this groupthis audience, I plan on putting my

product in a waiting rooms at various a childrens hospitals. This location

targets the children that are in need of an organ or might possibly need an
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organ in the future. This genretized product is solely intended to inform

children about the pros and cons of receiving an organ that was created in a

lab rather than an organ donor, which thus gives the patient more options

when they are in need of organs.

As previously I mentioned before, the good cards will contain various

positive aspects things that can occur when using an organ created in a lab.

Through From my research, I found that Harvard Apparatus has performed

many experiments involving the use of a machine to replace a donor organ's

original cells with the cells of the transplant patient. Since they are using

cells of the transplant patient, it substantially reduces the risk of rejection

(Rathe). Therefore, one of the good cards from the good stack will read This

organ was made from cells in your own bodyso your body will most likely

really like the new organ and keep it: +75 points.

There are many factors that must be taken into consideration account

when creating organs in the labprimarily the advantages and

disadvantages risks and benefits. However, despite all of the risks and

statistics about the risks and benefits, there are many cases when an organ

is created and implanted into the transplant patient, with no complications

whatsoever. Thus, the The card related to this information will state You got

your brand new organ and it works perfectly with no problems: +50 points.

Since the amount of time a patient spends on a donor list can vary

varies widely, theres no definite length of time that patients wait have to

wait for a donor;-- this time frame can range anywhere from months to
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years. According to the article How We'll Finally Put an End to Organ

Donation Shortages, George Dvorsky states, in 2012, there were 120,873

people on the wait list for an organ, while there were only 14,013 organ

donors (Dvorsky). This leaves approximately 107,000 people who were in

need an organ but did not receive one an organ that year. Having the ability

to create organs in a lab whenever they are needed will help reduce this

significant immense number of people who dont receive organs each year.

The card pertaining to this area part of my research will state You didnt

have to wait very long for this organ to be created-- compared to being on

the donor list for years and years: +100 points.

For many people who are urgently in need of organs, artificially

creating them is the only solution. For example, a patients natural heart

may be failing or they may have been put on a machine to keep them alive

and are unable to stabilize enough to come off this machine. One of the

most beneficial aspects largest benefits of the artificial organs is the

convenience and availability. The card relating to this information will state

Any organ you need can be made whenever you need it: +20 points.

Derwin Hyde states that when patients are severely burned, the

creation of artificial skin is not only used not only to cover the wounded area,

but also to aid in the re-growth of natural skin rather than instead of scar

tissue. The artificial skin used on patients is created by using the patient's

own unburned skin as a source of the graft material. The most common

place to take skin from is the scalp, due to the fact that because it is rarely
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burned (Hyde). The card pertaining to correlated with this information will

state Your skin got burned in a fire but luckily, doctors can make you new

skin that looks just like your old skin: +25 points.

As previously I mentioned before, the bad cards list various setbacks

or challenges that may occur when arise with using these artificial created

organs. Throughout my research, I found that Lizzy Cociuba stated that

there is always the possibility of the presence of hidden disease in the base

tissue used to create these organs. This is a huge setback with this medical

breakthrough because since it was unknown that the disease was embedded

in the tissue, the doctors/patient assumed everything with the transplant

was successful. However, these the complications issues with this

contaminated tissue in the body would soon later become prevalent and

there would be necessary treatment to fix the issue (Cociuba). Thus, the

card correlated with pertaining to this information will state There was a bad

disease hiding inside of the new organ: -50 points.

Occasionally, Sometimes, when people get organ transplants, their

immune system simply attacks the organ as it would attack any other foreign

cell. Immunosuppressant drugs weaken your immune system to reduce the

chance of your body reacting bodys reaction to the foreign organ. The drugs

allow the transplanted organ to remain healthy and free from damage.

However, if your body reacts poorly after having an organ transplant and you

needs these immunosuppressant drugs, after having an organ transplant, the

cost is then main negative factor that plays a role. This medicine is its
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extremely expensive and a huge setback to artificial organ creation as a

whole. The card that correlates with this information will state Your new

organ messed up and you had to pay for expensive medicine to fix it: -25

points.

The article "How We'll Finally Put an End to Organ Donation Shortages,"

written by George Dvorksy, informs us that organ engineering involves the

development of custom-made organs that can be available to anyone who

needs it. However, in regards to the cost of creating organs in general, Dr.

Stephen Badylak estimates approximately $10 to $30 million, which includes

the price of including pieces, parts, and tools,. All of these things are to

ensure that the organ grown in the lab is healthy and durable to be able to

successfully grow an organ in the lab (Dvorsky). The cost also depends on

which organ is being createda major, life sustaining organ or a minor organ

that you could live without. The card for this information section will state

You had to pay $10-30 million to have your new organ made: -75 points.

Although organ creation uses the same cells of the transplant patient,

which greatly reduces the rate of rejection, there still are some risks that can

arise from go along with this intricate procedure. The surgery may

unknowingly result in blood clots or internal bleeding. There is also the

possibility that the body might not accept the foreign organ, and ultimately

reject it. Thus, the card pertaining to this part of my research will state Your

body didnt accept the organ and it was rejected, which caused many

complications: -100 points.

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A majority of organs that are created in a lab use either use embryonic

stem cells or the stem cells of the transplant patient. According to the

article, "Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Research, Ethics and Policy," a huge

disadvantage to using embryonic stem cells is are the ethical dilemma issues

that goes go along with it. The ethical issues pertaining to side regarding the

debate of using stem cells is a very controversial matter;-- a large amount of

people are against obtaining stem cells from embryos. A big ethical dilemma

that is a main topic for discussion is the creation of embryos specifically for

attaining deriving the embryos stem cells. Another big topic for discussion

is transferring cells from a patient into an unfertilized egg with the primary

goal of producing embryo cells that are genetically identical to the patient for

transplants (Wert). As a result of this research I found, this card will state

You had an ethical problem and decided not to take the new organ: -10

points.

Stating these various advantages and disadvantages was solely meant

to inform you about all aspects of organ creation, not cause anyone to be

turned away from this phenomenon. However, having mentioned all possible

pros and cons associated with creating organs in the lab, you should talk to

your doctor if you have any specific questions pertaining to you.

In conclusion, I think my this product will be very compatible with my

targeted audience and will be an accurate portrayal of the research I have

conducted. It is an entertaining game, with an educational aspect included

as well. I believe this product will properly inform the upcoming generation
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about the future of organ creation, while also adding a competitive and

entertaining aspect to the game.

Works Cited
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Original:

"Alexandra's Reflective Blog." Alexandras Reflective Blog. N.p., 20 May 2014.

Web. 21 Feb. 2017.

Arya, Niharika. "Pros and Cons of Artificial Organs." Buzzle. Buzzle.com, 05

Aug. 2016. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.

Cociuba, Lizzy. "Artificial Organs and Bionics." Prezi.com. N.p., 14 Apr. 2013.

Web. 21 Feb. 2017.

Dvorsky, George. "How We'll Finally Put an End to Organ Donation

Shortages." Io9. Io9.gizmodo.com, 02 Feb. 2015. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.

Wert, Guido De, and Christine Mummery. "Human Embryonic Stem Cells:

Research, Ethics and Policy." Human Reproduction | Oxford Academic.

Oxford University Press, 01 Apr. 2003. Web. 15 Feb. 2017.

New:

"Advantages and Disadvantages of Embryonic Stem Cells - Adult Stem Cells

vs. Embryonic Stem Cells." Google Sites. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2017.

Medically Reviewed by Philip Gregory, PharmD, MS on December 7, 2016

Written by Anna Giorgi. "About Immunosuppressant Drugs." Healthline.

N.p., 07 Dec. 2016. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.

"Pros and Cons." Mechanical Organs as a Replacement of Human Organs.

N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2017.