Beck 1!

Austin Beck

Prof. L. Raymond

UWRT 1104-002

March 29, 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Step: One

Allen, Rick. NCAA athletic scholarships and financial aid issue. 12 May 2016. Informed

Athlete. informedathlete.com. Web. 31 March 2017.

(Allen)

Step: Two
The article mainly looks at how not all athletic scholarships are full scholarships. Instead
there are some sports that normally receive full scholarships for their teams such as football and
basketball. The other teams have a certain amount of financial aid for the whole team which is
then divide based on the number of athlete the coach is willing to give scholarships to. The issue
is that they do not receive the same amount of money and may require more money from other
scholarships or grants that can be provided for the athlete.
Step: Three
This article is useful and could be used to tell about how the scholarships work. Also to
show that not all are full scholarships some are only partial scholarships this would also be
another issue if athletes were to be paid to then how would they the athletes not on a full
scholarship.
Step: Four
There is not very much information on how reliable this source is but this allows us to
bring up another topic on the issue of paying college athletes.

Step: One

Brill, John. Should College Athletes be Paid? 30 April 2013. The Shirley Povich Center for

Sports Journalism povichcenter.org. Web. 29 March 2017.

(Brill)
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Step: Two
This article looks at how all the revenue that the college athletes bring into the NCAA but
are given nothing in return. The article says that even though they receive scholarships and other
amenities that it is not enough. It also introduces a new point that athletes have to have a year
from high school before joining the professional teams. This allows for colleges to recruit players
to have their team have winning seasons so that crowds and be televised which will allow the
NCAA to make money off the players until they can try for the professional teams.
Step: Three
While some of this information is valid and has some reasonable evidence it will not be
included into our own presentation. The information that is contained in this is also in several
other sources that we will use instead of this since it goes into greater detail.
Step: Four
The information on this is valid considering that he showed his sources and where he got
his own information from to also check if the information that he is using is valid. There are
some subjective viewpoints in the article which makes it a less valuable resource.

Step: One

Dixon, Chelsea L. New NCAA eligibility requirements mean higher academic standards. 23

Oct 2015. Noodle. noodle.com. Web. 31 March 2017.

(Dixon)

Step: Two
The NCAA is raising the college standards for academics this move the minimum GPA
of college athletes from 2.00 to 2.30. This would mean that many college athletes would not be
eligible to play for the season and be benched or meaning they could loose their scholarship from
the school they play for.
Step:Three
This information provided is very useful for our presentation since we talk about how
academics are more important than the sports. The minimum GPA is very low at a 2.30 for the
core classes that college athletes take. This mean that they are not really learning from their
classes. This also does not prepare them for life as they are not learning the material properly
which will not help them successful in the work force.
Step: Four
The information provided by the author of this article is valid as I found the information
on the NCAA website of them applying a more rigorous GPA score for athletes to achieve. The
information mostly provided was from a viewpoint and stance it is mostly logical.

Step: One
 Beck 3!

"2016 Athletic Scholarship Averages for NCAA I teams by Sport." Average Athletic Scholarship

per Varsity Athlete. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2017.

(2016 Athletic Scholarship Averages for NCAA I teams by Sport)

Step: Two
This website shows the different statistical differences between sports. It shows the
average scholarship amounts per sport. This shows the different amounts that each team and
players get. This also shows the amount spent total on scholarships by hundreds of different
colleges which is very helpful.
Step: Three
I think that we will definitely use this as one of our references since there is so much data
available to show. This shows how much college athletes scholarships are and how this compares
to their college expenses and how much money they are having to pay but also how much they
are already receiving.
Step: Four
The information is very accurate since this was mostly a national survey that was sent to
Colleges and Universities. This was created to help show the average scholarship to the cost of
the school.

Step: One

Gains, Sara.UNC report finds 18 years of academic fraud to keep athletes playing. 23 Oct

2014. CNN. can.com. Web. 31 March 2017.

(Gains)

Step: Two
The academic fraud at UNC Chapel Hill took place for 18 years. These were so called
paper less classes in which they helped boost the GPAs of college athlete. This was an attempt to
keep them eligible for playing sports. The paper less classed took place in the department of
African Studies where these fake classes were made.
Step: Three
This source will be used in our presentation since this one of the more recent and famous
incidents of academic fraud by a University. This would be used to show that academics are
more important than the sport. Also would be in the part of preparing athletes for success in the
real world since they are cheating to help boost their GPA which will not help them succeed
when everything is just handed to them.
Step: Four
 Beck 4!

CNN is a popular news station that millions of people rely upon daily for information. I
would consider them a reliable source. Though with recent politics many new stations have been
called unreliable. The source they use to get information are very reliable

Step: One

Ganim, Sara. CNN analysis: Some college athlete play like adults, read like 5th graders. 8 Jan

2014. CNN. can.com. Web. 31 March 2017.

(Ganim)

Step: Two
The article shows how different universities and colleges have violated their own system
of admission to the university or college. The article tells that many athlete have been accepted
into the college because of their athletic ability. The article also give details into many athletes
reading at a elementary and middle school levels.
Step: Three
This is useful in our research showing that many college athletes are put into colleges
even though they do not meet the requirements. This will show that the universities and colleges
are setting up the athletes for failure in academics.
Step: Four
CNN has a long history of reporting many stories and events that are very creditable.
Though recently the media has been claimed as being a non credible source from politics most
information is credible due to inside sources of the CNN analysis team.

Step: One

Smith, Ronald A. Lowly Standards. Pay for Play. Chicago: University of Illnois Press, 2011.

121-131. Project Muse. Web. 30 March 2017.

(Smith)

Step: Two
This chapter is mainly about how the schools use to not select the athletes based on any
of their grades. The athletes were only chosen since they were good at the sport in which they
would play. This was brought on by increases in technology such as faster traveling by plane for
more competition and also the radio so that others could listen to games. It also talks about how
their use to not be any standards for athletes in academics.
Step: Three
The information that was provided was very useful and I think that we will be able to use
this information in our presentation. This book has several topics but the main topic we would
 Beck 5!

use it for would be to show that college athletes need to learn while in the classroom. They need
to have a standard for any scholarships that they have received since other students have certain
requirements that they need to meet to be eligible for a scholarship.
Step: Four
The information that is within this book is valid. It gives it one references and also its
own annotated bibliography. This also an readers to view the validity of his own resources used
in the creation of his book.

Step: One

Trahan, Kevin. Athletes are getting degrees, but does that mean anything? 9 July 2014. SB

Nation. sbnation.com. Web. 30 March 2017.

(Trahan)

Step: Two
The NCAA claims that the athletes that they are giving scholarships to are graduating.
They claim this is a huge success for a college athlete to graduate with a degree. The issue with
this degree is that they are normally worthless meaning that they are not useful for the
occupations in the workforce. The degrees are normally general education or some other easy
degree. The fact is that the NCAA claims they are doing the athletes a great favor when they are
really hurting them and not allowing to pursue the major that they want.
Step: Three
I think that during our presentation we will definitely be mentioning this along with our
other information with preparing college athletes for success in the real world. This would be
great in mentioning that they mostly don't get a useful degree. That the coaches make them take
easy classes to be eligible to play the sport and not caring about the athletes future.
Step: Four
The author of this article is the co-founder of the website which covers mainly sports
such as football and basketball. The information provided by the author is mainly presenting
information from an understanding of college athletes and their scholarship requirements. But
the points that he brings up are valid for some athletes but not all athletes.

Step: One

Wade, Jared. How the NCAA Has Used the Term student-Athlete to Avoid Paying Workers

Comp. Liabilities. 13 Sept. 2011. The Risk Management, riskmanagementmonitor.com.

Web. 29 March 2017.

(Wade)
 Beck 6!

Step: Two
This article talks mainly about how the NCAA termed the word student athlete. This
makes athletes not considered an employee. This means that they do not receive any workers
compensation if they are hurt while playing their sport. This term was used as a way to have to
not pay for an injuries that players encounter through their sports.
Step: Three
This will definitely be added to our project as it adds to the entire project. This
emphasizes the point that they are not employees because they do not get paid because they are
considered student athletes. This entails that they are not to be paid since they are not really
employees but rather are playing a sport for money which is not part of amateurism.
Step: Four
The source is credible because it mainly states facts that are from the court cases which
the term was made. The article does give some subjective views but they are backed by credible
sources from the court case.

Step: One

Wilbon, Micheal. College athletes deserve to be paid. 18 July 2011. ESPN. espn.com. Web. 31

March 2017.

(Wilbon)

Step: Two
This article tells us that the NCAA sold the rights for march madness to be televised for
an estimated 10.8 billion dollars. This is a huge amount of money and a small portion could be
given to each off the basketball teams players that make the tournament. This would mean that
not all players and different college sports would get paid, but the argument is that this is called
capitalism and that means that not everything is fair or equal. The article also talks about since
these teams bring in the revenue then they should be paid a small portion while other teams such
as soccer, lacrosse, and other sports do not bring any revenue in.
Step: Three
This could potentially be helpful in our presentation to tell and show that certain teams
bring in more revenue than others. This would indicate that the teams that actually make money
for the NCAA should be paid for providing the revenue. This would also bring into the issue of
not everything being fair for the different teams since they would not all be equally paid.
Step: Four
The author of this post Micheal Wilbon is one of the most highly respected sports
journalist in the United States. He use to work at the Washington Post and is also on several live
televised shows on ESPN. While his argument is more one sided he does bring about an
important point.