Multipurpose Plant

By: Megah Sri Retno Apriliana

Abstract: Bamboo is a plant species of grasses with cavity and
vertebra in the trunk. Bamboo is very has many benefits because of
its versatility and aesthetic and easily formed into the material or a
very useful tool.
Keywords: Bamboo, bamboo shoots, pulp, crafts and handicrafts

Bamboo is included in the child's tribe and tribe Poaceae Bambusoideae.

Poaceae tribes also known as Graminae or tribe of grasses. Bamboo easily
distinguished from the other plant, as growing form clumps. Bamboo plants, are
found in tropical regions in the continent of Asia, Africa, and America. However,
some species also found in Australia. The Asian continent is the largest bamboo
deployment area. Spread include Indoburma, India, China, and Japan. Indoburma
area considered as the area of origin of this plant. Besides in the tropics, bamboo
also spread to the subtropics and temperate regions in the lowlands to highlands
(Berlian Rahayu; 1995).

Bamboo is a plant species of grasses with cavity and vertebra in the trunk.
Bamboo has the kind of diverse and benefits vary between one type of bamboo
with bamboo else. Indonesia itself has 10 or 125 genus of 75 species of bamboo
genus consisting of 1,500 species of bamboo worldwide. Bamboo is a plant that is
familiar to the people of Indonesia and has been spreading in the archipelago
region. These plants can be grown in the wet climate to dry climates (Department
of Forestry & Plantation, 1999).

According to Lopez and Shanley (2004, p 58) states that the bamboo
include grass family and is the biggest plant in the world in this family. There are
more than 1200 species of bamboo and mostly found in Asia. This beautiful
plants, with strength and flexibility, have unlimited benefits.

In the life of rural communities in Indonesia, bamboo plays an important

role. Bamboo is known to have many benefits, because the stem is strong,
resilient, straight, flat, hard, easy to cut, easy to set up and easy to handle and
lightweight so easily transported. Besides bamboo is also relatively inexpensive 7
compared to other building materials because many found around rural
settlements. The types of bamboo are popular in each community vary. In South
Sulawesi, bamboo is the most popular bamboo parring (Gigantochloa atter) and
betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) (Suhasman and Bakri, 2012).

CHARACTERISTICS OF BAMBOO

Bamboo is unique because it has mechanical properties and excellent.

Rhizome root shape, hollow and cylindrical stem extends and is divided into
sections. The height of the bamboo plant itself up to 30 meters in diameter trunk
reaches 0.25 to 25 cm and a wall thickness of approximately 25 mm. The shape of
the bamboo plant itself is very artistic due to the degradation of the color is very
interesting.

UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO

Bamboo is very has many benefits that can be used for daily needs. This
plant has a unique value and flexible, bamboo can also be modified into the tools
that are aesthetic and high value. This plant also are polluting because all parts of
this plant are very useful and environmentally friendly. Many of the benefits of
bamboo we do not know, it turned out this bamboo can be utilized including the
following;

ROOT

Bamboo root, as well as barriers to erosion in order to prevent the danger

of flooding, can also play a role in dealing with toxic waste as a result of mercury
poisoning by filtering the waste water affected by fibers roots. In addition,
bamboo roots are also able to carry out shelter springs making it useful as a source
of water supply wells.

ROD

Bamboo stems both young and old can be used for various purposes.
However, not all types of bamboo can be utilized. Round bamboo rod still be used
for house building components such as walls, roofs, floors, doors windows and
pillars; as well as bridge construction components, pipes, drains and etc. Split
bamboo rods that have been widely used for the handicraft industry in the form of
woven or carvings, furniture, and others. Round and split bamboo rods used by
many industrial furniture such as desks, chairs, cabinets and beds shelves.
Bamboo in the shape of the fiber can be utilized for the pulp and paper industry.

Leaf

Bamboo leaves show that many contain active substances, namely

flavonoids, polysaccharides, chlorophyll, amino acids, vitamins, microelements,
and so on, so it is good to lower blood fats and cholesterol, could be to decrease
oxidation of antioxidants or free radicals, as antiaging ingredients, and able to
maintain stamina and prevent cardiovascular disease.

Lim Muliadi OMD-oriental medical doctor from Shanghai TC University

revealed, bamboo leaf flavonoid content has a positive effect on chemotherapy on
bone marrow and immunity, can improve microvascular flow for heart patients,
platelet function and blood circulation in the heart muscle.

Bamboo sprout

Bamboo shoots (bamboo shoots) are the young stems emerging from the
bottom surface of the leaf clump of rhizome. Growth of the bamboo plant itself is
divided into 2 simpodial growth and growth monopodial. Midrib reed of bamboo
plant is a modified leaf attached to each segment, and bamboo leaf blade has a
parallel-type bone such as clumps, and each leaf has a major bone protruding leaf.

Bamboo shoots is a kind of sprouts that emerge or grow out beside the
bamboo plant. The bamboo shoots can be used as a vegetable that can be eaten
because it has a small HCN levels and adequate nutritional content as a source of
minerals and vitamins, low in calories, low in fat, high in fiber and contains
cellulose. In the health field shoots works to help you lose weight, heart health,
helps control cholesterol, lower the risk of cancer, strengthen the body's health, a
healthy digestive system, treat ulcers, overcome respiratory problems, a
detoxifying agent (can remove toxins), agent utorotunika (contraction in the
uterus), treating stomach disorders, wound cleaning, and low blood pressure.
BAMBOO CHARCOAL

Bamboo charcoal which we know does not have economic value and are
not useful, but on the other hand the bamboo charcoal has a feature that was not
unexpected. Bamboo charcoal itself can reduce indoor air pollution because it can
absorb the chemicals in the air.

Bamboo charcoal can also purify water, because naturally bamboo has
anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. Besides bamboo charcoal can also remove harmful
substances such as excess chlorine, chloroform, and natural minerals that are rich
in potassium, magnesium, sodium, calcium and so forth so that the water quality
is getting better. In addition to reducing pollution and purify water, bamboo
charcoal can also nourish the hair and skin, and can improve the metabolism and
blood circulation. Not only that there are still many benefits that exist in the
bamboo charcoal as cooking oil purify, abolishing the musty smell in the closet,
and can reduce the radiation on the computer and the television.

PULP

Pulp can be made with a variety of manufacturing processes (mechanical,

semikimia, chemistry). Pulp consisting of fibers-fibers (cellulose and
hemicellulose) as raw material for paper. But it could also be made of bamboo
because bamboo pulp contains cellulose which is suitable to be used as pulp and
rayon. In Indonesia pulping USING bamboo raw materials have been applied to
industrial Gowa and Banyuwangi.

SUPIT

Development of bamboo chopsticks as an industrial material has also

encompass the needs of tableware such as chopsticks, skewers and toothpicks. Its
development is very fast because it is in progress, especially if done by machine
automatically. Bamboo is good to be used are bamboo chopsticks and bamboo
mayan carriage. Bamboo is good for bamboo chopsticks aged 3 years in which to
improve its quality after the cut and then dried for approximately 4 days.

HAND CRAFT AND HANDICRAFT

 Crafts are matters relating to the handmade or activities related to goods
produced through the hand skills. Bamboo is economical and easy to get.
Materials of bamboo can be modified into a keychain, a pen, a tisue, cup lamps,
baskets, hats, sleeping bed, fan, and so forth.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

In Indonesia, there are some musical instrument made of bamboo are very
traditional including angklung, calung-calung, flute, karindig, zither, Butak
(bamboo jitak), genggong, saluang, xylophone, clappers, sarunai, taktok Trieng,
gamelan, rindik-rindik , tatali, tutuba, sasando, foy prayer, kobe oh, prere, tobo,
pump pa, and the gong Sebu. All these instruments generate tones and sounds
typical strains between one another.

CEMENT BOARD

Bamboo cement boards made of bamboo, cement and lime. Bamboo

shaved beforehand, then soaked in water for two days. Furthermore, the three
ingredients are blended and then formed the board at a temperature of 56 C with
a time of 9 hours.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Bamboo material itself can be used as interior design and architectural

design are attractive. Bamboo can be modified into tools and furniture that have a
value of art. The uniqueness of the bamboo is very attractive for example bamboo
can be created as the reception desk, the architecture of bamboo, bamboo bridge,
bamboo sofa, bamboo chairs, and so forth.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Bamboo is unique because it has mechanical properties and excellent.

Rhizome root shape, hollow and cylindrical stem extends and is divided into
sections. The height of the bamboo plant itself up to 30 meters in diameter trunk
reaches 0.25 to 25 cm and a wall thickness of approximately 25 mm. The shape of
the bamboo plant itself is very artistic due to the degradation of the color is very
interesting.
 Bamboo has many benefits that can be used for daily needs. This plant
also are polluting because all parts of this plant are very useful and
environmentally friendly. Therefore, the preservation of the bamboo itself must be
guarded and as much as possible more in optimizing their utilization.

Here are a few tables spread species of bamboo and its uses

Name the type of bamboo usefulness

1. Bambusa blumeana a.container/bade
cremation
b. Bubu fish
c.Vegetable / bamboo
shoots

2. Bambusa maculata a. fuerniture water

b. home decoration
c. Photo frame
d. Bumbung crickets
e. Sanan / bearer.

3. Bambusa vulgaris var.striata a. Home decoration

b. Container / bade
cremation
c. Mebelair
d. Vegetable / bamboo
shoots.

4.Bambusa vulgaris a. Simple home b. Sanan /

bearer
c. Kulkul / kentongan
d. Vegetable / bamboo
shoots
5. Dendrocalamus asper a. Simple house
b. Xylophone (art)
c. Outrigger boats Lom /
bomb
d. Tingklik (art)
e. Kulkul / kentongan
f. Vegetable / bamboo
shoots
6. Gigantochloa lear a. Simple house
b. Sokasi
c. Kuskusan
d. Lampid
e. Basket
f. Wallet
g. chicken cages
h. Penarak / baskets
i. Bird cage

7. Gigantochloa cf manggong a. Simple house

b. climbing

8. Gigantochloa hasskarliana a. Rope

b. basket
c. Vegetable / bamboo
shoots

9. Gigantochloa nigrociliata a. Gerantang (art)

b. Fences basket
c.Vegetable / bamboo
shoots
10. Gigantochloa sp. 1 a. Simple house
b.Bangul / climbing
fences
Here are the types of bamboo spread throughout Indonesia.

botanical name Synonym local names

Bambusa atra lineata Munro Bambusa Loleba (Maluku, Nena
Lindley Bambusa (Shanghai)
Dendrocalamus
Exchange latifolius
rumphiana Sea & K.
Shum
Bambusa multiplex Arundo multiplex Kelisik bamboo green,
(Lour) Raeuschel (Lour.) Bambusa nana white Krisik, bamboo
ex J.A. & J.H. (Roxb) Bambusa fences, bamboo china
Schulte glaucescens (Willd) (Indonesia), Aor selat
Sieb ex Munro (Kalimantan Barat)
Bambusa vulgaris Bambusa thouarsii Ampel dark green, light
Schrad ex Wend Kunth Bambusa green Ampel, Pring ivory,
surinamensis Ruprecht leopard Pring (Indonesia)

Dendrocalamus Bambusa Petung (Indonesia),

asper (Roem. & asperaSchultes Petung brown
Schultf.) Backer ex Dendrocalamus (Bengkulu), green Petung
Heyne. flagelifer Gigantochloa (Lampung), black Petung
aspera Schultes F. Kurtz (Banyuwangi)
Dendrocalamus
merrilianus (Elmer)
Elmer
Dinochloa scadens - Cangkoreh (Sunda)
Gigantochloa apus Bambusa apus J.A. & Bamboo rope (Indonesia)
Kurz Schultes Gigantochloa
Kurzii Gamble
Gigantochloa Gigantochloa Pring wulung (Java), Awi
atroviolaceae verticillata (Willd) Hideung (Sunda)
Widjaja sensu Backer
Gigantochloa atter Bambusa thouarsii Bamboo ater
(Hassk) Kurz ex Kunth var atter Hassk (Indonesian), Pring
Munro Gigantochloa Benel, Pring Java (Java),
verticillata (Wild) Awi friend (Sunda)
Munro sensu Backer
Gigantochloa - Belangke reed, reed regen
pruriens Widjaja (Karo), reed yakyak
(Gayo)
Gigantochloa Bambusa pseudoarun Awi large carriage, leutik
pseudoarundinacea dinacea Steudel Andong, Andong cotton,
(Steudel) Widjaja Gigantochloa Andong stone (Sunda),
verticillata (Wild) Pring gombong, Pring
Munro Gigantochloa letter (Java)
maxima Kurz
Schizostachyum Melocana zollinger Awi tamiyang (Sunda)
blumei Ness Steudel var. longispi
culata Kurz ex Munro S.
Longis piculatum (Kurz
ex Munro) Kurz
Schizostachyum - Lemang bamboo yellow,
brachycladun Kurz green Lemang
(Indonesia), tolang reed,
reed sero (Maluku), Pring
lampar (Banyuwangi)
Source: Appendix decision of the Directorate General of Reforestation and Land
Rehabilitation Number: 77 / Kpts / V / 1997 dated 28 July 1997 on technical
guidance bamboo nursery Directorate General of Reforestation and Land
Rehabilitation, 1997 in Indonesian Forest, 1997.

REFERENCES

Nadeak, Mery Natalia. 2009. Description Bamboo Cultivation and Utilization in

the Village Balumbang Jaya (West Bogor subdistrict) and village Rumpin
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Arinasa, Ida Bagus Ketut. 2004. Diversity and Usage Types of Bamboo Village
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(http://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D0601/D060104.pdf) accessed 10
desember 2015.

Department of Forestry & Plantation, 1999. Definition of bamboo

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