11

11.1.
(
). ,
, .

11.2.

11.2.1.
B(x,y,z)
.
Lorentz

(11.1)

F , q ,
. S.I. Tesla,
4
10 Gauss, Gauss CGS.

11.2.2.
L, b, n ,
, 11.1.

11.1

,
nL , b.
, ,

97


(11.2)

(11.3)

0 = 4x10-7 H/m .
(Bmax) (xmax = L xmax )

(11.4)
L >> b,

(11.5)

, x = 0 ( ),

(11.6)

,
cos1 cos2

(11.7)

x O1 (x > 0 ).

11.2.3.

( Faraday). ()
,
,

(11.8)

( )
.
d/dt, ()

(11.9)

R ,
I

98
 (11.10)

, 0
, Q

(11.11)

, .
, /2,
,
= 0, , ,
,
.
. (11.11) , ,
, Q,.
, , ,
.

, ,
, .

11.2.4.
,
, ( ),
.
. 11.2 11.3.
. 11.2 n
S , ,
.

11.2

99
 . 11.3 ,
n .
(. 11.3),
(. 11.2).
, ,
, .

11.3. . : , : , ': , :
.

(, S)
(. 11.2). , . 11.2,
2d .
(sin ), ,

(11.12)
, Laplace, F,

(11.13)

(11.14)
= 2d . G = n
.
, ,
, = D,
D ,

(11.15)

100
 , , I
, D G .
I,
E. , ,
R, ,
Ohm,
E I ( R R)

R ,
.
,
,
(. 11.3) (
).
, ,
. = 2 (.
11.4). r,
(1, . 11.4)
(11.16)
.
(2, 11.4)

(11.17)

.

'
1 2

11.4

, , ',
. (~ 1%, /18 = 10) .
( = 0),
(I 0),
.

101
( )
.
, ,
, ,
( Lenz).

,
:
() .
.
() .
, te-t/, 0, .
() .
, .
, , ,
,
.

11.2.5.
,


Q= Idt
0
(11.18)

, 0.

, , ,
. , .

.
(
, ' ),
Q ( , )
,

(11.19)

,
, .
(11.19),
.

11.3.
,
Hall. ,
,

102
 .

. ()
(. 11.1),
. ,
.
( )
, , .
,
, ,
-,
R.
-
(11.11),
(11.20)

(),
R -
.
, , ,
(11.20), .
, ,
.
(11.19)
(11.21)

R = R + R
-,
.


. . (11.2), (11.3)
(11.7).
. ,
,
,
, .
,
,

(11.22)
, ,
(11.23)

Ni i, Ai i
m .

103
 ( ),
. . (11.9) ,
N
.

11.4.

11.5. . : , : , :
, : , : , : , : , :

:
, (. 11.5).
I , (. 11.5).
, , (. 11.5)
. L = 0,30 m,
b = 0,06 m 300 (n = 300/0,3 = 1000).
, (. 11.5),
, (. 11.5), 12 V

'
, ,
(. . 11.4 . 11.5).
(
I, . 11.5).

104
 -,
( II, . 11.5).

.
0,75 cm, = 1500,
, . (11.9), 0,265 m2.

1. M Berkeley, T : -.), . 6 7
(, 1978).
2. .J. Pain, . . 1, . 1.12 (,
1990).
3. , , , , ,
( 2010).

11.5.
1. ,
( I, . 11.5).
2. .
( I) 1
I, ' (.
11.5).
3. , , 4
. I.

() ' (cm) Q(C) ()

4. , , 3, , ',

, 5 cm. 6 4 , 2
. II, x
.

105
 II

x ' Q
(cm) (cm) (C) ()

5.
(11.11) (11.19), .
I ,
.

11.6.
1. 2-4
I II.
.
2. , ,
I, = () ( I).
; .
3. , ,
, x, , = (x) ( II).
. (11.2) (11.3).
.

106