1

: y = = g + jb
r + jx

Y11 Y12 ... ... Y1k Y1m ... Y1n
Y Y2 n
21 Y22 ... ... Y2 k Y2 m ...
. . .

. . .
YZ =
Yk1 Yk 2 ... ... Ykk Ykm ... Ykn

. . .
. . .

Yn1 Yn 2 ... ... Ynk Ynm ... Ynm
:
Ykm = y km = g km jbkm
Ykk = y k + ( y skm + y km )
m k

k

Pk = PG ,k PD ,k = Vk2 g k + ( g skm + g km ) Vk Vm [g km cos( k m ) + bkm sin( k m )]
m k mk
(1)
2
Qk = QG ,k Q D ,k = Vk bk + (bskm + bkm ) Vk Vm [g km sin( k m ) bkm cos( k m )]
m k m k

k
PV and PQ buses:
2
[ ]
Pk( n ) = Pk Vk( n ) g k + ( g skm + g km ) + Vk( n ) Vm( n ) g km cos( k( n ) m( n ) ) + bkm sin( k( n ) m( n ) ) (2)
m k m k
PQ buses:
2
[ ]
Qk( n ) = Qk + Vk( n ) bk + (bskm + bkm ) + Vk( n ) Vm( n ) g km sin( k( n ) m( n ) ) bkm cos( k( n ) m( n ) ) (3)
m k m k

- :

PV buses: Pk( n ) PV PQ buses: Pk( n ) P , Qk( n ) Q

- (slack bus)
(PV buses)
(1).
- k m
Pkm = Vk2 ( g skm + g km ) Vk Vm [g km cos( k m ) + bkm sin( k m )]

Qkm = Vk2 (bskm + bkm ) Vk Vm [g km sin( k m ) bkm cos( k m )]
 Gauss Seidel

PV buses:
k(0) = 0 0

[ ]
Qk( n ) = Vk2 bk + (bskm + bkm ) Vk Vm( n +1) g km sin( kn m( n +1) ) bkm cos( kn m( n +1) )
m k m< k
( n)
[
Vk Vm g km sin( k m ) bkm cos( k( n ) m( n ) )
(n) (n)
] (4)
m>k

Pk jQk( n )
/ 1
k( n+1) = Arg +
g + ( g + g ) + Vk k(n)
j bk + (bskm + bkm )
k m skm km

k m k

~ ~
+ (g km + jbkm )Vm( n+1) + (g km + jbkm )Vm( n) (5)
m< k m>k

, :
k( n+1) = k( n ) + a k( n+1) k( n ) , =1 k( n +1) = k( n +1)
/ /

PQ buses:
~
Vk(0) = 1.00 0

~ / 1 P jQ
Vk( n +1) = k k
+
V*~ (n)

g k +
(g skm + g km ) + j bk + (bskm + bkm ) k

m k m k
~ ~
+ ( g km + jbkm )Vm( n +1) + ( g km + jbkm )Vm( n ) (6)
m< k m>k

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Vk( n +1) = Vk( n ) + aVk( n +1) Vk( n ) , =1 Vk( n +1) = Vk( n +1)
/ /

 Newton Raphson

P (n) H N (n +1)
(n) =
Q J L V (n +1) V (n)

[ ] [ ] = [
P (n) (n +1) (n +1)
]
(n) ( rad) PV & PQ
[Q ] [V
(n)
] = [V (n +1) (n +1)
]
V (n) PQ

Pk
H kk =
k
= Vk Vm [g km sin( k m ) bkm cos( k m )] ( PV)
km

= Qk + Vk2 bk +
(bskm + bkm ) ( PQ)
m k

Pk
H km =
m
= Vk Vm [g km sin( k m ) bkm cos( k m )] ( PV, PQ)

Pk
N kk =
Vk
= Pk Vk2 g k +
(g skm + g km ) ( PQ)
m k

Pk
N km =
Vm
= Vk Vm [g km cos( k m ) + bkm sin( k m )] ( PV, PQ)

Qk
J kk =
k
= Pk + Vk2 g k + (g skm + g km ) ( PQ)
m k

Qk
J km = = N km ( PV, PQ)
m

Qk
Lkk =
Vk

= Qk + Vk2 bk +
(bskm + bkm ) ( PQ)
m k

Qk
Lkm = = H km ( PQ)
Vm

: k, m
. , kk

!
 Newton Raphson

[ ] = [B']1 P
V
[V ] = [B' ']1 Q
V

[ ] [ ] = [
P (n) (n +1) (n +1)
]
(n) ( rad) PV & PQ
[Q ] [V
(n)
] = [V (n +1) (n +1)
]
V (n) PQ

, :
1) [] () .
2) [] -1.
3) a. []
.
b. []
PV .