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This document describes a mechanical vibratory system that oscillates when a 2 lb force is applied. It provides the equations to calculate the mass (m), damping (b), and spring constant (k) from the system's response curve. The mass is calculated to be 166 lbs. The damping is then determined using the calculated values for mass and natural frequency.

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Ahmad Almasri
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765 views2 pages

Control

This document describes a mechanical vibratory system that oscillates when a 2 lb force is applied. It provides the equations to calculate the mass (m), damping (b), and spring constant (k) from the system's response curve. The mass is calculated to be 166 lbs. The damping is then determined using the calculated values for mass and natural frequency.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Almasri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A-5-6. Figures 5-58(a) shows a mechanical vibratory system.

When 2 Ib of force (step input) is applied


to the system, the mass oscillates, as shown in Figure 5-58(b). Determine m, b, and k of the system
from this response curve. The displacement x is measured from the equilibrium position.

Solution. The transfer function of this system is

Since

we obtain

It follows that the steady-state value of x is

Hence

Note that M, = 9.5% corresponds to 5 = [Link] peak time t , is given by

The experimental curve shows that t , = 2 [Link],

3.14
w , = ----- = 1.96 rad/sec
2 X 0.8

(P(2-lb force)
t
Figure 5-58
(a) Mechanical
vibratory system;
(b) step-response
curve.

Chapter 5 / Transient and Steady-State Response Analyses


Since w2, = k l m = 20/rn, we obtain
20 20
m=-=--- - 5.2 slugs = 166 Ib
wi. 1.96~
(Note that 1 slug = 1 lb,-sec2/ft.) Then b is determined from

4-5-7. Consider the unit-step response of the second-order system

The amplitude of the exponentially damped sinusoid changes as a geometric series. A t time
t = t,=.rr/w,, the amplitude is equal to e-(ul",l)n. After one oscillation, o r at
t = t , + [Link]/w,, = 3n/w,,, the amplitude is equal to e-(""wg1)3"; after another cycle of oscillation, the
The logarithm of the ratio of successive amplitudes is called the logarithmic
amplitude is e-(u;"~)5".
decrement. Determine the logarithmic decrement for this second-order system. Describe a method
for experimental determination of the damping ratio from the rate of decay of the oscillation.
Solution. Let us define the amplitude of the output oscillation at t = t , to be x,, where
t, = t, + ( i - 1 ) T ( T = period of oscillation). The amplitude ratio per one period of damped
oscillation is

Thus, the logarithmic decrement 6 is

It is 3 function only of the damping ratio j . Thus, the damping ratio j can be determined by use
of the logarithmic. decrement.
In the experimental determination of the damping ratio 6 from the rate of decay of the oscil-
lation, we measure the amplitude x , at t = t , and amplitude x, at t = t , + ( n - l ) T .Note that
it is necessary to choose n large enough so that the ratio o x,/x, is not near [Link]

Hence

Example Problems and Solutions

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