Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

A. L thuyt
1. Tiu chun chy do l g? Thit lp cng thc tiu
chun chy do Von Mises cho bi ton tm ch nht chu
un. Bin lun.
1.1 Tiu chun chy do
Tiu chun chy do nh ngha cc gii hn n hi ca mt vt
liu chu tc dng ca t hp cc trng thi ng sut. Gii hn n
hi trong th nghim chu ko n l ng sut chy do 0 , trong
th nghim chu ct n l ng sut chy do 0 . Ni chung, gii
hn n hi hay ng sut chy do l mt hm s ca trng thi
ng sut ij . Bi vy, iu kin chy do c th c biu din
di dng tng qut:
f ( ij , k i ) =0

Trong ki l cc hng s vt liu cn 0 , 0 c xc nh bng th nghim.

i vi vt liu ng hng, cc ng sut chnh khng ph thuc vo vt liu, v
gi tr ca cc ng sut chnh l biu din trng thi ng sut ring bit. V
vy iu kin chy do c th biu din nh sau:
f ( 1 , 2 , 3 , k i )=0

Ta c bit rng 3 ng sut chnh 1 , 2 , 3 c th c biu din

di s t hp ca 3 bt bin ng sut I1, J2 v J3 nn iu kin
chy do c th vit li:
f ( I 1 , J 2 , J 3 , k i ) =0

Tiu chun chy do ca vt liu nn c xc nh bng th nghim. Mt th

nghim quan trng vi vt liu thp, c tin hnh bi Bridgman v cc cng s,
ch ra s nh hng ca p sut thy tnh n s chy do l khng ng k. V vy
ta c th rt gn hm chy do bng cch b i ng sut thy tnh:
f ( J 2 , J 3 ,k i )=0

1.2 Thit lp cng thc tiu chun chy do Von Mises cho bi ton tm ch
nht chu un.
Mx My
Xt mt phn t hnh ch nht vi dy h, c ng sut tng qut ha l , ,
. . .
M xy x y xy
v bin dng tng qut ha , , . Lc ct v lc dc c xem nh phn
lc.

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Hnh 1. Phn t c xt
x y xy
Vi gi thit s phn b ng sut , , dc theo b dy tm c dng nh sau:

Hnh 2. Trng ng sut gi nh

M x M y M xy
Ta c th xc nh cc moment , , nm trong trng ng sut trn nh
sau:
h /2
h2
Mx
h /2
x zdx
4
x

h /2
h2
M y y zdy y
h /2
4
h /2
h2
M xy
h /2
xy zdz
4
xy M yx

M x M y M xy
Do vy tiu chun chy do theo bin ng sut tng qut ha , , s c
x y xy
dng ging nh tiu chun chy do theo bin ng sut , , .
Vi tiu chun Von Mises:
2x x y 2y 32xy p2
2
h 2

4
Nhn 2 v cho ta c tiu chun theo moment:
M M x M y M 3M 2xy M p2
2
x
2
y

hay vit theo bin khng th nguyn:

f m 2x m x m y m 2y 3m 2xy 1 0

2. Limit Analysis l g? Pht biu nh l cn trn. p dng

cho bi ton tm ch nht chu un. V d.
2.1 Limit Analysis

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Limit analysis l phng php gip gii ra mt cch trc tip gi tr xp x ca ti

trng ph hy, b qua qu trnh chy do trung gian. Mt khc, vic nh gi v
tnh ton ti trng ph hy c th gii c bng phng php s nh phng php
phn t hu hn F.E.M.
Mt iu cn phi nhn mnh l ti trng ph hy c tnh ton ra bng Limit
analysis s khc vi ti trng ph hy xy ra trn mt kt cu thc. V vy, chng ta
phi t ra gi thit trc khi gii bng phng php ny.
Phng php gii Limit analysis da trn cc gi thit sau:
Vt liu phi c xem nh do l tng, bin dng ca kt cu c th tng
ln v hn khi ti tng gi khng i, ngha l b qua s ti bn v mm
ha.
Bin dng hnh hc ca kt cu phi c xem l b : cc thay i v hnh
hc ca kt cu xy ra ti trng gii hn l khng ng k, v th dng
hnh hc ca kt cu xem nh khng i trong qu trnh bin dng.
2.2 nh l cn trn
Nu mt c cu bin dng do tng thch c gi thit
sao cho tha iu kin trn bin th cc ti trng
c tnh bng phng trnh cn bng gia

cng sut ngoi:

v cng sut tiu tn do:

s ln hn hoc bng ti trng gii hn thc ( l trng thi ng
sut phi hp vi tc bin dng )
2.3 p dng cho bi ton tm ch nht chu un
Tnh hc:
Mx My
Xt mt phn t trn tm vi 2 cnh l dx v dy, ni lc l , ,
M xy Vx Vy
, , .

Hnh 3. Cn bng lc trong phn t tm ch nht

Ni lc trong phn t phi tha cc phng trnh cn bng:

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

M x M xy
Vx
x y
M xy M y
Vy
x y
Vx Vy
q
x y

Vx Vy
Thay , t 2 phng trnh u tin vo phng trnh th 3, ta c:
Mx My 2 M xy
2 2

2 q
x 2 y 2 xy

ng hc:
Theo gi thit Kirchoff-Love ta c:
. .
. w v. z w .
u z .
x y w w(x, y)
, ,
T cc thnh phn bin dng:
. .
. 2 w . 2 w
x x 2 y z 2 . 0
x y z
, ,
.
. 2 w .
xy 2z .
xy xz yz 0
,
Nng lng tiu tn do trn ton b tm:
. .
W p Ddxdy

.
D
Trong l nng lng tiu tn trn mt n v din tch tm,
cho bi cng thc:
. h/ 2 . . . . . .
D
h /2
( x x y y xy xy )dz M x x M y y M xy xy

. . .
. 2 w . 2 w . 2 w
x 2 y 2 xy
x y xy
Vi , ,
Din t theo bin khng th nguyn:
t

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

. .
x 2h x
. .
y 2h y
. .
xy 2h xy

Suy ra:
. Mp . . .

D m
x x m y y m
xy xy
2h

f m 2x m x m y m 2y 3m 2xy 1 0
p dng theo tiu chun Von Mises:
nh lut php tuyn suy rng c dng:
. . f .
x (2m x m y )
m x
. . f .
y (2m y m x )
m y
. . f .
xy 6 m xy
m xy

Suy ra:
. .
y 2 x
mx .
3
. .
x 2 y
my .
3
.
xy
m xy .
3
Thay vo tiu chun Von Mises, ta c:
1
. 2 2
. 1 . 2 . 2 . . xy
x y x y
3 2

f 1 m 2x m x m y m 2y 3m 2xy
Do l hm ng nht bc 2 nn ta c th vit:
. Mp . .
. . M . Mp
D m x x m y y m xy xy 2 p
2h 2h h

Khi chy do th =1 nn:

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

1
2 2
M p . 2 . 2 . . xy
.
. Mp .
D x y x y
h 3h 2

Nng lng tiu tn do ton b:

1
.

2 2
. Mp
. . . .
. 2 2
xy
W p DdA x y x y dA
3h 2

Nu din t theo cc bin khng th nguyn sau:

.
. w
w
2h
X
x
L
Y
y
L
A
a 2
L
. 3 .
dp Wp
M Ph
pL2
p
MP

Ta c:
1
.
2
.
2
. 2 . .
2 2
. 2 w 2 w 2 w w 2w
dp
x 2 y 2
x
2
x

2
xy


Cng sut ngoi:
. .
W E p wdA

Tr thnh
. .
d E 3 3 pwdA

2.4 V d

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Hnh 3. Tm ch nht ta n chu ti phn b u

2.4.1 Xc nh cn di
Ta c th gi s trng ng sut suy rng c dng nh sau:

2x
2

Mx Mp 1
a

2y
2

M y Mp 1
b

2x 2y

M xy M p
a b

Trong l hng s thay i ty theo tiu chun do. Cc
M1 M2
moment chnh v c th c tm thy bng vng trn
Mohr, v c biu thc gii tch nh sau:
Mx My M x M y
2
2
2 2 2 2
M1,2 M 2
xy M p 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2

2x 2y

a b
Trong v
1

2
i vi tiu chun Von Mises, l mt h s an ton.
q
Vi trng ng sut cho, cn di ca ti trng gii hn, , c
c bng cch thay th trng moment vo phng trnh vi
phn cn bng:
8M p b b 2
q 1
b2 a a 2

2.4.2 Xc nh cn trn

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

c c cn trn, ta gi s trng vn tc bt lin tc xy ra

dc theo cc ng cho ca tm ch nht sao cho tm c th
chia thnh bn tam gic tuyn i cng.

Hnh 4. C cu ph hy dng tm ch nht

.

Gi s tm ca tm dch chuyn xung di vi vn tc , trong
khi cc tam gic xoay xung quanh cc cnh ca n to thnh
hnh khi thp.
.
. .
1 3
b
.
. .
2 4
a

.

Hnh 5. Xc nh bng hnh hc
.

Trong khi bin dng, cc tam gic vn lun phng. Gc xoay
gia hai cnh tam gic k nhau dc theo ng chy do c th
tnh nh sau:
. .
. 2 2
(sin cos cot )
a a sin
Cng sut tiu tn ni dc theo hai ng bt lin tc tnh bi:
. . . a 2 b2
W I 2M p a 2 b 2 4M p
ab
Cng sut ngoi:
. 1 .
W E qab
3

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Cho cng sut ngoi bng cng sut tiu tn ni, ta tm c cn

trn ca ti trng gii hn:
1 1 12M p b 2 1 1 12M p b 2
q 12M p 2 2 2 1 2 q 12M p 2 2 2 1 2
a b b a a b b a

B. Bi ton dm

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Hnh 4. Tit din

D kin: p = 350 MPa; E = 200 Gpa; L1 = 4.4 m; L2 = 3.4 m; q0 =
8 kN/m; P0 = 10 kN; b = 350 mm; t = 30 mm; h = 750 mm.
Yu cu:
1. Tnh v tr trc trung ha n hi v trc trung ha do
ca tit din cho. Suy ra moment gii hn n hi M e v
moment chy do Mp ng vi lc tit din b chy do hon
ton.
1.1 Xc nh v tr trc trung ha n hi
Chia tit din thnh 2 phn S 1 v S2 v chn trc ta xOy nh
hnh v.

Hnh 5. Tit din v h trc

Ta c:

T ta tm c v tr trc trung ha n hi vi x c = 0 (do Oy l

yc
trc i xng ca tit din) v c tnh nh sau:

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

1.2 Xc nh v tr trc trung ha do

Chn h trc xOy nh hnh v, gi s trc trung ha do cch trc
honh mt khong yp.

Hnh 6. Tit din v trc trung ha do

Trc trung ha do theo nh ngha l ng thng chia tit din
thnh hai phn bng nhau, v vy ta c phng trnh sau v gii
ra yp:

1.3 Xc nh moment n hi Me
Moment qun tnh trung tm:

Moment n hi:

1.4 Xc nh moment n do Mp
Ta c:

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

>
Vi z1 v z2 ln lt l khong cch t trng tm ca hai na tit din
sau khi chy do n trc trung ha do.
Vi na tit din nm trn trc trung ha do, ta tm v tr trng tm
tng t nh cch tnh trc trung ha n hi, vi A1 v A2 c chn
nh hnh v:

Hnh 7. Na tit din trn trc trung ha do

Vi na tit din nm di trc trung ha do:

T ta c kt qu:

2. Phn tch n do bng phng php ma trn cng

(hoc PTHH) (lu sau mi giai on phi v biu
moment). T suy ra h s ti trng gii hn gh.

Chia kt cu thnh 4 phn t.

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

E = 200 Gpa; L1 = 4.4 m; L2 = 3.4 m; q0 = 8 kN/m; P0 = 10 kN

Hnh 8. S tnh v chia phn t

2.1 Giai on 1
Phn t 1: nt cng nt cng
Phn t 2 : nt cng nt cng
Phn t 3: nt cng nt cng
Phn t 4: nt cng khp do

2.1.1 Ma trn cng ton kt cu

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Ghp ni ma trn

2.1.2 Vector ti trng chun kt cu

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 3

Phn t 4: Khng c ti
Ghp ni vector

2.1.3 Tnh ton chuyn v ti nt qua phng trnh cn

bng nt
[ K ] {d } ={ P }

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

2.1.4 Xc nh ni lc ti nt
{ r }i = [ K ] i { d }i { P }i
Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

2.1.5 Biu moment cha tch ly

Hnh 8. Biu moment giai on 1 cha tch ly

2.1.6 H s ti trng
V ang giai on cha tch ly ni lc, nn v tr c moment ln
nht s cho h s ti trng nh nht.
Mp
1 min,1 111.5871854
M1

Ln chy do u tin xy ra nt 1 (ngm).

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

2.1.7 Phng i chuyn v v ni lc

Chuyn v

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

2.1.8 Biu moment tch ly

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Hnh 9. Biu moment giai on 1 tch ly

2.2 Giai on 2

Hnh 10. S tnh giai on 2

Phn t 1: thay i thnh khp do nt cng

Phn t 2 : nt cng nt cng
Phn t 3: nt cng nt cng
Phn t 4: nt cng khp do
2.2.1 Ma trn cng ton kt cu
Phn t 1

Phn t 2
Khng thay i
Phn t 3
Khng thay i
Phn t 4
Khng thay i
Ghp ni ma trn

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

2.2.2 Vector ti trng chun kt cu

Phn t 1

Phn t 2
Khng thay i
Phn t 3
Khng thay i
Phn t 4
Khng thay i
Ghp ni vector

2.2.3 Tnh ton gia tng chuyn v ti nt qua phng

trnh cn bng nt

2.2.4 Xc nh gia tng ni lc ti nt

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

2.2.5 Biu moment cha tch ly

Hnh 11. Biu moment giai on 2 cha tch ly

2.2.6 Kim tra v tr khng phi nt c moment cc tr

T biu gia tng moment trn, ta nhn thy vng gia nt 1 v nt 2 c cc
tr moment. V vy ta cn a v tr cc tr ny vo xt h s ti trng nh nht.
xc nh chnh xc v tr xy ra cc tr moment, ta s dng phng php tnh
ton ni lc th cng:
Xt phn bn tri ca phn t 1 (giai on 2):

Ta c:

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

q0x 2
M Va .x
2
dM
Va q 0 x 0
dx
V 24.49
x a 3.06125
q0 8
M(x 3.06125) 37.46

T ta c v tr x = 3.06125 m l v tr cc tr moment gia phn t 1 v gi tr

moment cc tr ti .
Sau ta xc nh moment cha tch ly ti v tr giai on 1 bng cch tng
t:

q0x 2 8x 2
M M a Va .x 32.96 41.34x 22.074
2 2
(kNm)

2.2.7 H s ti trng
M p min,1 22.074
cuctri 57.4
37.46
Ti v tr cc tr moment:
M p 2930
2 55.5 min,2
30.32
Ti nt 2:
M p 2578
3 60.9
33.44
Ti nt 3:
M p 929
4 233.5
15.78
Ti nt 4:
Ln chy do th 2 xy ra nt 2.
2.2.7 Phng i gia tng chuyn v v ni lc
Chuyn v

Phn t 1

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 2

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

2.2.8 Tch ly chuyn v v ni lc

Chuyn v

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

2.2.9 Biu moment tch ly

Hnh 12. Biu moment giai on 2 tch ly

2.3 Giai on 3

Hnh 13. S tnh giai on 3

Phn t 1: khp do khp do

Phn t 2 : khp do nt cng

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 3: nt cng nt cng

Phn t 4: nt cng khp do

2.3.1 Ma trn cng ton kt cu

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3
Khng thay i
Phn t 4
Khng thay i
Ghp ni ma trn

2.3.2 Vector ti trng chun kt cu

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3
Khng thay i

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 4
Khng thay i
Ghp ni vector

2.3.3 Tnh ton gia tng chuyn v ti nt qua phng

trnh cn bng nt

2.3.4 Xc nh gia tng ni lc ti nt

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

2.3.5 Biu moment cha tch ly

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Hnh 14. Biu moment giai on 3 cha tch ly

2.3.6 H s ti trng
M p 4433
3 2.37 min,3
75.48
Ti nt 3:
M p 1805
4 60.9
46.11
Ti nt 4:
Ln chy do th 3 xy ra nt 3

2.3.7 Phng i gia tng chuyn v v ni lc

Chuyn v

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Phn t 4

2.3.8 Tch ly chuyn v, ni lc

Chuyn v

Phn t 1

Phn t 2

Phn t 3

Phn t 4

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

2.3.9 H s ti trng gii hn

L min,1 min,2 min,3 169.44

2.3.10 Biu moment tch ly

Hnh 15. Biu moment giai on 3 tch ly

3. V biu quan h gia h s ti trng chuyn v

ca K khi tng t 0 -> gh.

Biu quan h gia H s ti trng v Chuyn v ti im K

0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Chuyn v ti im K (nt 2) 0
0
0
0
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

H s ti trng

Hnh 16. Biu quan h gia H s ti trng v Chuyn v ti

im K

4. Tm ti trng gii hn bng phng ph t hp c cu.

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Hnh 17. S c cu
S tit din nguy him: m = 4
Bc siu tnh: h = 2
S phng trnh c lp : e = m h = 2.
4.1 C cu dm 1: Khp do hnh thnh ti nt 1, 2 (v tr nguy
him) v 3.
0 x L1
a) Xt v tr nguy him .
L2
x '( L1 x)
2
Mi lin h:
x
'
L2
L1 x
2
Phng trnh cng kh d:
L2
q0 L2 2
M 1 ( ) M 2 ( ') M 3 ( ') ( L1 ) ( x ) (2 P0 )( x )
2 2 L2
L1 x
2
M1 M p , M 2 M p , M 3 M p
trng thi gii hn:
Khi , phng trnh cng kh d tr thnh:
L2
M p (2 L1 L2 ) 1 q0 L2 2
( L1 ) ( x) 1 (2 P0 )( x)
L2 2 2 L
L1 x L1 2 x
2 2

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

Thay s vo biu thc trn, ta c:

+
Ta cn tm gi tr ca x 1 nh nht:
d 1
0
dx

=> x = 4.746721311 > L1 = 4.4 (loi)

L2
L1 x L1
2
b) Xt v tr nguy him
L2
x '( L1 x)
2
Mi lin h:
x
'
L2
L1 x
2
Phng trnh cng kh d:
q0 L L
M 1 ( ) M 2 ( ') M 3 ( ') ( L1 2 ) ( x ) 2 P0 ( x ) 1
2 2 x

M1 M p , M 2 M p , M 3 M p
trng thi gii hn:
Khi , phng trnh cng kh d tr thnh:
2 L1 L2 2 q0 L
Mp L1 2 ( x) 22 P0 L1
L 2 2
L1 2 x
2
2 L1 L2
Mp
L
L1 2 x
2
2
q0 x L2
L1 2 P0 L1
2 2

31
Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

+
Ta cn tm gi tr ca x 2 nh nht:
d 2
0
dx

=> x = 1.246721311 < L1 = 4.4 (loi)

c) Xt v tr nguy him ti x = L1
Gii tng t, ta c:
2 L1 L2
Mp
L
L1 2 L1
3 2 169.4438322
q0 L1 L2
L
1 2 P L
0 1
2 2

4.2 C cu dm 2: Khp do hnh thnh nt 3, 4 (v tr nguy

him) v 5.
L2
2
C cu ny ch chu lc phn b u t v tr x = 0 n x = nn
ta c th xc nh v tr nguy him nm trong khong ny.
L2
x '( L1 x)
2
Mi lin h:
x
'
L
L1 2 x
2
Phng trnh cng kh d:

x L2 L1 L1
M 3 ( ) M 4 ( ') q0 ( L1 ) ( x )
L
2 2 2 L1 2 x
2

M 3 M p , M 4 M p
trng thi gii hn:
Khi , phng trnh cng kh d tr thnh:

M p (2 L1 L2 x) x L xL2
4 q0 ( L1 2 ) 1

L2 2 2 L2
L1 x 2 L1 x
2 2

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

M p (2 L1 L2 x )
L
L1 2 x
4 2

x L 2
xL1
q0 ( L1 2 )
2 2 L2
2 L1 x
2

Thay s vo biu thc trn, ta c:

+
Ta cn tm gi tr ca x 4 nh nht:
d 4
0
dx

x1 1.563271180

L2
x2 22.83672882 > 2 1.7

4 4
Thay x = 1.563271180 vo , ta tnh c = 943.7389163

4.3 Kim tra

3 4 3 min min
V < nn ta chn . Ta kim tra xem vi th cc moment khc
c tha tiu chun chy do khng.
min 169.4438322 x1 1.563271180
Thay v vo phng trnh cng kh d ca c
cu dm 2, ta c:
L2
L1 x 2
2 L x1 L1
M p M 4 min q0 1 ( L1 2 )
L 2 2 L
L1 2 x1 2 L1 2 x1
2 2
4612.65 103 M 4 1.344581138 1941.733709 103
M 4 4474.665815 103 M p 4612.65 103

Vy theo phng php t hp c cu: L =

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Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

5. Nhn xt Kt lun.
C 2 phng php tnh ton theo ma trn cng v t hp c
cu u cho ra kt qu ging nhau.
Vic tnh ton theo ma trn cng c nhiu bc, cn s cn
thn cao trong sut qu trnh, nu khng rt d dn n sai st.
Phng php ny c u im vic c th vn dng cc chng
trnh tnh ton thc hin php tnh t sai st hn v tin li khi
thc hin cc php tnh lp li.
Phng php t hp kt cu cho ta cc bc tnh ton ngn gn
hn, trc quan hn, ph hp gii cc bi ton n gin. Nhc
im ca phng php ny l buc ngi gii phi d on trc
cc v tr nguy him xt c cu cho chnh xc v phng php
ny cng kh vn dng cho cc bi ton c c cu phc tp, nhiu
ti trng.

34
Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

C. Bi ton tm chu un

Hnh 18. S tnh v c cu ph hy Hnh 19. Tiu

chun chy do

D kin: a = 2.1 m; b = 0.6 m; Tiu chun Tresca.

Yu cu: Xc nh ti trng gii hn cho tm trn
1. Xc nh cn trn
. .
r 0 0
Gi s c cu ph hy nh hnh. Ta c: v
V vy c cu tun theo ch chy do trn AB.
Tm w(r)
.
r 0
Vi gi nh , ta c:
.
. d2 w
r 2 0
dr
.
w
iu kin bin ca :
.
raw0
. .
r 0 w w0

35
Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

. .
dw w . .
r
w w0 1
dR a a
Suy ra:
Nng lng tiu tn do
. .
. 1 . .
. d w w0
D M p M p M p Mp
2 rdr ra

Cng sut ni
.
a
. . w0 .
W I D dA M p 2rdr 2M p w 0
0
ra

Cng sut ngoi

. 1 . 1 b . b . a2 2b3 .
W E qa 2 w 0 qb 2 w 0 qb 2 1 w 0 q b2 w 0
3 3 a a 3 3a
.
. . 2M p w 0 2M p
WI WE q 2
a
2
2b . a
3
3
2b
b w0
2
b
2

3 3a 3 3a
Cho

2. Xc nh cn di
Tnh Qr
0rb
-TH1:
F y 0 Qr 0

bra
-TH2:
q(r 2 b 2 )
Fy 0 2rQr q(r 2 b 2 ) rQr 2
Mr M
Tnh theo
0rb
-TH1:
d C
(r M r ) M rQ r M rM r rM C1 M r1 M 1
dr r
Mr M r1 M
Do phi hu hn ti r = 0 nn C1 = 0
bra
-TH2:

36
Bi Phm Tm Ha - 21301378

d q qb 2 r qr 3 qb 2 qr 2 C2
(r M r ) M rQ r M (r 2 b 2 ) r M r M r C 2 M r2 M
dr 2 2 6 2 6 r

qb 2 qb 2 C2 qb3
M r1 M r2 M M C2
2 6 b 3
-Ti r = b th nn
2
qb qr qb3
2
M r2 M
2 6 3r
M r2 M p ; M 0
-Ti r = a th nn
qa2
qb qb 2 3
2M p
Mp q 2
6 2 3a a 2b3
b 2

3 3a

2M p 2 Mp
q q 1.6970M p q exact
a 2
2b 2.1
3 2

2 0.6 3

b2 0.62
3 3a 3 3 2.1
Vy

37