SammyPuccini

Notebook7

Digital Film
DensityisdescribedastheamountofIRexposuretheamountofblackeningonthefilm,or
opacityofanareainaradiographdueto
theaccumulationofblackmetallicsilver

Inboth,thevisibilitydependsontheexposuretotheIR

mAsisthecontrollingfactor,anincreaseinmAswillincreasetheexposure=amountofenergy
toomuchmAswillbetooblackandwhite,whiletoolittlewillbegrainy.
Timeduration,givemoreexposure

kilovoltageisaninfluencingfactor,kilovoltagecontrolsenergyofxrayphotonsthereforechanging
intensityofthebeam;a15percentincreaseinkilovoltagecausesdoubletheexposuretotheIR
kvp=strengthandenergy

Otherinfluencingfactorsarefoalspotsize,anodeheeleffect,distance,filtration,beamrestriction,
anatomicalpart,andgridconstruction
Contrastisdescribedasthevisibledifferencesbetweenanytwoselectedareasofdensitylevels
withintheradiographicimage,orthedifferentshadesofgraythatarevisibletothehumaneye

dynamicrangedescribesrangeofcontrast;therangeofexposuresthatmaybecapturedbya
detector.Thedynamicrangefordigitalimagingismuchlargerthanfilm.
shortscale=highcontrast=majordifferencesindensities

Digital Film
Dependsonpostprocessingoperations contrastdependsonintensifyingscreen,film
density,DlogEcurve,filmprocessing

Receptorcontrast:thefixedcharacteristicofthereceptor.Mostdigitalreceptorshaveanessentially
linearresponsetoexposure.Thisisimpactedbycontrastresolution(thesmallestexposurechange
orsignaldifferencethatcanbedetected).

Filmcontrast:Theinherentabilityofthefilmemulsiontoreacttoradiationandrecordarangeof
densities.

ControllingfactorofcontrastiskVp

InfluencingfactorsaremAs,focalspotsize,anodeheeleffect,distance,filtration,beamrestriction,
anatomicalpart,grids,film/screencombinations,andprocessing

Similaritiesbetweendigitalandfilmwouldbethattechniquecontrolshowtheimagewill
turnout;thedifferencesarehowtheimagesaredisplayed.Filmscreenmayshowmoredensities,
digitalcanlookdifferentdependingonthemonitoryouareusingtoviewtheimage

https://www.slideshare.net/revathvyas/idealradiography